考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part5

1、考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析 -2000 年 part5Part FiveIf ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition - wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny - must be deemedworthy of the sacrifices madeon ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared;and

2、 it especially must be highlyregarded by people who are themselves admired, theeducated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition - if not always their

3、 own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped - with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summerhom

4、es, European travel, BMWs- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushi

5、ng, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical bookswho takes his meals in three star restaurants;the journalist advocating

6、 participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in privateschools. For such people and many moreperhaps notThe attacks on ambitionso exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."are many and come from various a

7、ngles; its public defendersare few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean tha

8、t ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, someof which are that ambition is drivenunderground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on

9、the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.17. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if .A its returns well compensate for the sacrificesB it is rewarded with money, fame and power

10、C its goals are spiritual rather than materialD it is shared by the rich and the famous18. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is A customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB too late to check ambition once it has been let outC dishonest to deny ambiti

11、on after the fulfillment of the goalD impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition19 Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because .A they think of it as immoralB their pursuits are not fame or wealthC ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD they do not wan

12、t to appear greedy and contemptible20. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained .A secretly and vigorously B openly and enthusiasticallyC easily and momentarilyD verbally and spirituallyUnit 8Unit 7 2000 Part 5重点词汇：1. ambition雄心，野心看作am+bit+ion , am是，bit

13、点，-ion 名词后缀，考研的人都是am有一点点bit 野心ambition ，谐音俺必胜"！形容词形式为 ambitious J ambit+ious 形容词后缀。 All ambitions are lawful except those which climb upward on the miseries or credulities of mankind.野心是合法的，不过利用人们的痛苦或轻信者除外。2. destiny命运看作de+s+tiny , de-否认前缀，s谐音是，tiny 微小的，命运destiny 不4©是s 小事情tiny 。A tyrant

14、9;s authority for crime, and a fool's excusefor failure. 命运：暴君作恶的理由，傻瓜失败的借口。3. vitality生命力即 vit a +al+ity , vita 词根生命如 vitamin j vita+min，原义为"维持生命的胺类物质 "，即"维生素 "， -al 形容词后缀， -ity 名词后缀。 vitality - the pursuit of life 活力 - 对生命的追求。4. hypocritical伪善的看作 hypo+critical ， hypo- 前缀 &q

15、uot; 在 之下、次于 "如hypothesis f hypo+thesis 论点宀次于论点地位的n.假设，critical 批评的，在批评之 下的"f伪善的；名词形式为hypocrisy虚伪，伪善。hypocrisy -the lubricant ofsociety the most difficult and nerve-rackingvice that any man can pursue; it needsan unceasing vigilance and a rare detachment of spirit伪善 - 社会的润滑剂 人们所能学到的最困难、最刺激

16、的恶习；它需要不懈的警惕性和精神的高度超脱。5. escape v.n. 逃跑；防止 ; Investing the future has been man's favourite game of escape. 虚构未来一向是人类最喜爱的逃避把戏。6. c on fess v.供认；坦白；忏悔即 con+fess， con-起，fess词根"说"，"把知道的全都说了 。同根词：profess v.声称；教授J pro向前+fess说，走到前面对大家说。I'm not ashamed to confess that I'm ignorant

17、 of what I don't know.我不耻于成认对自己不懂的事情的无知。7. pushing有进取心的；急功近利的J push推+ing形容词后缀。8. acquisitive 渴望获得的；贪得无厌的即 acquisit+ive ， acquisit 为 acquire v. 获 得之变形， -ive 形容词后缀。 In an acquisitive society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is monetary greed.在一个贪婪的社会里，贪财是自私自利的突出表现形式。9. vulgar ?粗俗的；名词为

18、vulgarity 粗俗；粗俗的行为J vulgar+ity 名词后缀。 Prejudices are what rule the vulgar crowd. 支配庸人们的是偏见。 vulgarity - the garlic in the salad of taste粗俗- 味觉色拉里的大蒜。10. spectacle? 场面；奇观即 spect+acle ， spect 词根"看"， -acle 表"物"。同根词： spectator 观众， 旁观者 J spect+ator 后缀表 " 人" 。 Life is not a sp

19、ectacle or a feast; it is a predicament. 生活并非奇观，亦非盛宴，它是一种困境。11. Participatory供分享的即 Parti+cip+atory , Parti =Part , cip =cap抓，-atory 形容词后缀，抓取其中一局部"f供分享的。参 Participation , 2001年Passage 1。12. democracy民主；民主制；民主国家J demo+cracy, demo-人民，cracy 统治，由人民统治的；也可把demo看作演示"如很多演示版软件就叫DemO,尚处于演示demo阶段的统治cr

20、acy 手段宀民主democracy 。另可记：autocracy 专制统治；专制国家J auto 自 己 +cracy ； autonomy 自 治 J auto+nom+y 。 Democracy means simply the bludgeoning of the people by the people for the people.民主不过是意味着为了人民而由人民来强制人民。13. enroll? v.招收；入学；入伍即en+roll , en-使，roll名册，使登记入册。I likeyour institute but I do not want to enroll.我喜欢你们

21、学院，但我不想报名去那里。14.impulse v.n. 推动；冲动看作 im+pulse ， im- 加强前缀， pulse 脉搏。 There is one thing better than crushing impulse, it is using impulse.有一件事比压制冲动更可取，即利用冲动。15. stir ? v. 搅动；冲动；煽动与 star 明星只一元音字母之差，联想： star 有 stir的作用。 Make no little plans: they have no magic to stir men's blood.不要作小方案，它们没有冲动热血的魔力。

22、16. earnest 热心的，诚挚的看作 earn+est ， earn 赚钱， est 即级， "很多很多人非常非 常热衷于赚钱 " 。 An earnest desire to succeed is almost always prognostic of success. 对成功的热切愿望几乎总是成功的预兆。17. contemptible卑劣的即 contempt+ible ， contempt 蔑视， -ible 可 的。18. at an end 完结；19. get on in life 出人头地。难句解析： If ambition is to be well

23、 regarded, the rewards of ambition - wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny - must be deemedworthy of the sacrifices madeon ambition's behalf.此句包含一个 if 引导的条件状语从句 If ambition is to be well regarded，主句的主语是 the rewards of ambition，谓语是 must be deemed ，而 wealth, distinction, controlover

24、one's destiny 既是插入语，又是 the rewards 的同位语。 made on ambition's behalf 是 the sacrifices 的补语。本句中需弄清一些词汇的含义，如： distinction 声望显赫或出人头地； worthy of 对得起或 不辜负； on behalf of 为了。 If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; andit especially must be highly regarded by people

25、who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.这是一个并列关系的并列句。前一个分句又包含由 if 引导的条件状语，主句中的主语 it 指 代 the tradition of ambition 。后一分句中 who are themselves admired 修饰 people ， the educated not least among them是 people 的补语。注意 people who are themselves admired指"自己也受人仰慕的人士 "；not least 意

26、为"相当重要 " 。 There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door afterthe horses have escaped - with the educated themselves riding on them.a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的补语，with the educated themselves riding on them 是补语中的伴随状语。hypo

27、crisy 虚伪或伪善，理解了这个词，后面的比喻就简单了。要理解这个比喻，把句中的 马理解为 ambition 的象征。注意这个比喻和 " 亡羊补牢 "没有任何关系，它的意思更接近于 " 掩耳盗铃 " ；在这里是指受过良好教育的人在自己的野心实现以后， 从追求野心的过程中受了 益，但他们得了廉价还卖乖，反过来谴责野心，并说自己并没有追求野心。 Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summerhomes, Europ

28、ean travel, BMWs- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.此处出现了两个比较级， less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和 less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。千万注意两句中的双重否认： "do n

29、ot seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly"means"seem at least as interested in success and its signs now as formerly, if not more" ，后面的 do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago 也是如此。 What has happened is that people cannot confess fullyt

30、o their dreams, aseasilyand openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.what 一词指代的是 that 引导的从句，从句中 as easily and openly as once they could 又是下一层的状语，此外 lest 引导带虚拟语气的假设状语从句。注意 lest 一词的含义 "唯恐 " 和用法引导虚拟语气 。而且在阅读过程中应该能够推测出 pushing ， acquisitive ， vulgar 三词都是贬

31、义。 Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating Participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.本句的主句是 we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。后面有一个非限定性的定语从句修饰 spectacles 。在冒号的后面是三个并列的名词性短语， 其核心词分别是 critic