河北省2021年中考英语二轮复习第二篇语法突破篇语法专题07动词的时态和语态课件

1、语法专题七动词的时态和语态PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇【中考考点】1动词的八种时态的根本构造及用法。2动词的被动语态的根本构造及用法。3动词在各种时态、语态中的形式变化。动词的时态考点一一般现在时1.构造 主语+动词原形当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式2.用法 1表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。2表示普遍真理和客观事实。The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。3表示在现在的时间里发生的动作。Here comes the bus. 公

2、共汽车来了。 4在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有空的话,我将和她去购物。动词的时态seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等。1直接加-s。如:workworks2以“辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es。如:carrycarries, crycries, trytries, studystu

3、dies3以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词加-es。如:passpasses, fixfixes, gogoes, teachteaches, washwashes4特殊:havehas, beis动词的时态考点二一般过去时主语+动词的过去式表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。last night, yesterday, some years ago, in 2021 , in the past, just now等。动词的时态1一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ed。如:watchwatched2以不发音的字母e结尾的词加-d。如:livelived3以“辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-ed。如

4、:studystudied, carrycarried, crycried4以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写该辅音字母,再加ed。如:stopstopped, planplanned, preferpreferred5不规那么动词的过去式需特殊记忆。动词的时态考点三一般将来时1助动词shall/will+动词原形2am/is/are going to+动词原形1表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。I shall be eighteen years old next year. 明年我就18岁了。2表示某种必然的趋势。Fish will die without water. 没有

5、水,鱼就会死。 动词的时态注意 be going to表示方案、打算做某事;也表示根据某些迹象推测出某事将要发生。Im going to visit my grandparents next week.下周我打算去拜访我的祖父母。Look at the black clouds. I think its going to rain.看这些乌云,我觉得要下雨了。tomorrow, in the future, soon, next week, in+时间段, from now on等。 动词的时态考点四过去将来时1would+动词原形2was/were going to+动词原形表示从过去的某一

6、时刻来看将要发生的动作。常用于宾语从句当中。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会有个好收成。动词的时态考点五现在进展时1表示目前正在发生进展的动作不指状态。Are you writing a letter to your friend now? 你现在正在给你朋友写信吗?Listen! She is singing in the next room. 听!她正在隔壁房间唱歌。2表示现阶段正在进展,而此刻不一定在进展的动作。We are planting trees these days.

7、 这些天我们一直在植树。3趋向动词的进展时表示动作将要发生。此类词有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon. 他们明天下午要去英格兰。动词的时态now, at the moment, look, listen等。1一般直接在动词后加-ing。如:playplaying2以不发音的字母e结尾的词,去e,再加-ing。如:comecoming, makemaking, liveliving3以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写该辅音字母,再

8、加-ing。如:runrunning, sitsitting, beginbeginning 4特殊:diedying, lielying, tietying动词的时态考点六过去进展时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在进展的动作。His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。What were you doing at ten oclock last night? 你昨晚十点钟在做什么? They were building a large house last

9、 week.上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。某阶段一直在进展的动作this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night, at this time yesterday等。动词的时态考点七现在完成时 have/has+动词的过去分词过去分词变化规那么根本与过去式变化一样。有些特殊变化动词需单独记忆动词的时态1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,常与just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等时

10、间状语连用。I the book already. 我已经看过这本书了。现在我知道书的内容了 2表示从过去某一时刻开场一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“since+时间点或“since+从句一般过去时,“for+时间段及how long, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在过去几年中,我们种了成千上万棵树。So far, there no bad news. 到现在

11、为止还没有什么坏消息。have readhas been动词的时态一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时那么强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此,假设不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。I saw the movie yesterday.昨天我看了这部电影。强调电影是昨天看的I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。强调知道这部电影的内容了动词的时态在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,那么要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。I have had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两

12、天了。用had而不用boughtI have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已经来东京两周了。用been in而不用come to动词的时态常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词:非延续性动词/动词词组延续性动词/动词词组非延续性动词/动词词组延续性动词/动词词组buyhave catch a coldhave a coldborrowkeepput onwearopenbe open get up be upclosebe closedwake up be awakebegin/startbe onfall asleepbe asleepcomebe hereloseno

13、t havegobe therejoinbe in/be a member of finishbe overleavebe away diebe deadarrive/reach be5.have been to, have gone to与have been in的区别have been to表示“曾去过某地,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone to表示“已去了某地,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“在某地待了多久,后面跟副词时不用in。Where is Mrs. Smith?史密斯夫人在哪儿?She isnt here. Sh

14、e has gone to England. 她不在这儿,去英格兰了。动词的时态动词的时态考点八过去完成时 had+动词的过去分词表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去。常以by, before短语或when, after, until等引导的从句作为时间状语。My teacher said she had never been to London.我的教师说她从来没去过伦敦。When the police arrived, the thieves . 当警察到达时,小偷已经逃跑了。had run away时态的判断方法With the development o

15、f science and technology, robot cooks in our families in the future. A.appear B.appeared C.will appear D.were appearing答案 C解析 根据时间状语“in the future可知要用一般将来时。应选C。Anita, where is your brother?He out in the garden with a group of kids. A.plays B.played C.is playing D.has played答案 C解析 根据语境可知,说话时“我弟弟和一群小孩

16、儿正在花园里玩,需用现在进展时。时态的判断方法Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?Yes, they a plan and did it. A.were working outB.worked outC.are working outD.have worked out答案 B解析 答语中and连接的两个动作时态应该是一致的,and后面的did是一般过去时,故前面也应该用一般过去时。应选B。时态的判断方法1在时间、条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现的原那么。If we take environmental problems seriously, the

17、 earth worse and worse. A.dont; wont be B.wont; isnt C.wont; is D.dont; will be答案 D 解析 if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现原那么。2在宾语从句中,遵循“主现从不限,主过从过,客观真理永不变的原那么。What did your P.E.teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting?He said that I better. 答案 A 解析 答句中that引导的是宾语从句,时态需要与主句对应,主句是一般过去时,从句也要用相应的过去时态。应选A。动

18、词的语态考点一被动语态的构成时态被动语态的结构一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词一般将来时will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词动词的语态The tree is watered every day.这棵树每天被浇水。The factory was set up last year.这个工厂是去年建的。A new bridge will be built next year.明年将建一座新桥。注意 在使役动词have, make, let等以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面

19、作宾语补足语的不定式,在主动构造中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动语态时,要复原to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. =A stranger was seen by someone into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了这座楼。 to walk动词的语态考点二主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词,如 break, sell, wash等,当它们用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth . 这种布料很好洗。注意 主动语态强调的是主语的特征

20、,而被动语态那么强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:The door wont lock.指门本身有毛病The door wont be locked.指不会有人来锁门,表示“门没有锁是人的原因2.不及物动词和动词短语,如happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等,以主动形式表示被动意义。How did the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何出版的呢?washes well动词的语态3.系动词没有被动形式。Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来合理。4.以下构造中的v.-ing

21、是主动形式表示被动意义。1need, require作“需要讲时,其后常跟动名词形式。但当这些动词后接不定式时,那么必须用被动形式表示被动意义。The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。Our classroom needs to be cleaned. 我们的教室需要清扫。The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。对接中考专练1.2021河北 Gary is the best singer in my class. No one else so well. C.will sing D.is singing2.2021河北 Th

22、e bread is really delicious.Thank you. I it myself. C.will makeD.am making 根据语境可知,这里表示的是一个客观事实,应用一般现在时。应选A。AB动词的时态根据语境可知,“做面包的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。应选B。对接中考专练3.2021河北 I an invitation to the concert. I cant wait to go. A.receive B.will receiveC.was receiving D.have received4.2021河北 Wow! You dinner! Lets ea

23、t now. A.cook B.are cooking C.will cook D.have cooked 根据语境可知,这个请柬到现在为止已经收到了,所以现在“我迫不及待想参加。由此可知,本句用现在完成时态。应选D。DD句意:哇!你做完晚餐了!现在让我们吃饭吧。强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时。应选D。对接中考专练5.2021河北 Dont take the dictionary away. I it. C.am usingD.have used6.2021河北 Grandpa glasses when he reads. C.has wornD.was wearing 句意:别

24、把词典拿走,我正在用呢。根据句意可知,空处表示现在正在做某事,故用现在进展时。应选C。CA结合语境可知,当爷爷读书的时候戴着眼镜,用一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作。应选A。对接中考专练7.2021河北 Oh no! I my book in the lab. C.will leaveD.was leaving8.2021河北 Just go down this road and you the library next to the bank. A.see B.saw C.have seenD.will seeBD对接中考专练9.2021河北 Our team another point!

25、 I am sure well win the game. A.will get B.has got C.is getting D.was getting10.2021 河北 Grace this game every time we play. A.winsB.wonC.will win D.has won 句意:我们队又得一分,我确信我们会赢得这场比赛。根据“we ll win the game可知,此处指得分这一动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时。应选B。BA对接中考专练11.2021 河北 I the shops. Can I get you anything? A.go to B.

26、went toC.have gone to D.am going to12.2021 河北 Were proud that China stronger and stronger these years. A.will become B.became C.is becoming D.was becoming13.2021 河北 I saw Jeff in the park. He on the grass and reading a book. A.sits B.sat C.is sitting D.was sitting14.2021 河北 Paula is pleased that she

27、 her lost watch. C.has found D.will findDCDC对接中考专练15.2021河北 The teacher is already standing here. Do you know when she ? A es B.came C.is coming D.was coming16.2021河北 Im busy now. I to you after school this afternoon. C.will talk D.have talked17.2021河北 Someone at the door. Can you open it? C.is knoc

28、king D.was knocking18.2021河北 I saw Ken in the meeting room. He Joe for the school magazine. C.has interviewed D.was interviewingBCDC对接中考专练19.2021河北 Monica, you the exam! Congratulations! A.pass B.have passedC.will pass D.are passing20.2021河北 Henry will give us a report as soon as he . A.arrives B.ar

29、rived C.is arriving D.will arrive21.2021河北 Ken his jacket in the gym. He has to get it back. C.is leaving D.was leaving22.2021河北 We have no vegetables in the fridge. I and buy some. C.will go D.was goingBACA对接中考专练23.2021河北 You . Dont talk on the phone. A.will drive B.are drivingC.were driving D.have

30、 driven24.2021河北 The twins didnt go to the theater. They the light music all night. A.have enjoyed B.will enjoyC.are enjoying D.were enjoying25.2021河北 Dont return the video to Peter. I it. A.dont watch B.wont watchC.havent watched D.wasnt watchingBDC对接中考专练1.2021河北 Look at the picture. The top five T

31、V plays in it. A.list B.are listed C.will list D.will be listed2.2021河北 Hangzhou as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there. A.knows B.is known C.was known D.will be known3.2021河北 Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting. A.praises B.praised C.is praised D.was praised4.

32、2021 河北 Everybody deeply after they heard the story. A.moves B.moved C.is moved D.was movedBB动词的语态DD对接中考专练5.2021河北 The pet dog is warm and loving. It as a daughter of my family. A.treats B.treated C.is treated D.was treated6.2021河北 Annie to the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A.invites B.is in