IPv4、v6互通技术之隧道技术 ( Tunnel)

1、    一：概述:    隧道技术提供了一种以现有IPv4路由体系来传递IPv6数据的方法：将IPv6的分组作为无结构意义的数据，封装在IPv4数据报中，被IPv4网络传输。根据建立方式的不同，隧道可以分成两类：(手工)配置的隧道和自动配置的隧道。隧道技术巧妙地利用了现有的IPv4网络，它的意义在于提供了一种使 IPv6的节点之间能够在过渡期间通信的方法，但它并不能解决IPv6节点与IPv4节点之间相互通信的问题。    二：实验拓扑:      

2、0;  R1(s2/1)-(s2/1)R2(s2/2)-(s2/1)R3(s2/2)-(s2/1)R4    4台路由,R1,R4运行IPV6    R2,R3半边运行IPV4,半边运行IPV6    三：配置信息    R1#    ipv6 unicast-routing        /开启IPV6单播路由功能    interfa

3、ce Loopback0     ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0          /配置环回接口做为它的router-id    interface Serial2/1    ipv6 address 12:1/64             &

4、#160;              /IPV6地址     ipv6 ospf 1 area 0                           

5、0;   /接口下启用ospf    R2#    ipv6 unicast-routing    interface Serial2/1    ipv6 address 12:2/64     ipv6 ospf 1 area 0    interface Serial2/2     ip address 23.0.0.2 255.255.255

6、.0    interface Tunnel0                          /在s2/1接口下打隧道    ipv6 address 10:1/64          

7、           /给隧道配置IPV6地址     ipv6 ospf 1 area 0                        /启用ospf     tunnel source

8、 Serial2/2               /申明隧道源端     tunnel destination 23.0.0.3          /申明隧道目的端     tunnel mode ipv6ip      

9、0;        /隧道模式是ipv6到ipv4    R3#    ipv6 unicast-routing    interface Serial2/1     ip address 23.0.0.3 255.255.255.0    interface Serial2/2    ipv6 address 34:3/64 

10、    ipv6 ospf 1 area 0     interface Tunnel0    ipv6 address 10:2/64     ipv6 ospf 1 area 0     tunnel source Serial2/1     tunnel destination 23.0.0.2     tunnel mode ip

11、v6ip     R4#    ipv6 unicast-routing    interface Loopback0     ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0    interface Serial2/1    ipv6 address 34:4/64     ipv6 ospf 1 area 0  &#

12、160;   四：调试信息    R1#show ipv6 route    IPv6 Routing Table - 6 entries    Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP           U - Per-user Static route    &

13、#160;      I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary           O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2           ON1 - OSP

14、F NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2    O   10:/64 110/11175         via FE80:C838:AFF:FE24:0, Serial2/1    C   12:/64 0/0         via :, Serial2/1    L

15、0;  12:1/128 0/0         via :, Serial2/1    O   23:/64 110/11239             /用隧道模式学习到了隔着ipv4网络的远端ipv6路由         via FE80:C838:AF

16、F:FE24:0, Serial2/1    L   FE80:/10 0/0         via :, Null0    L   FF00:/8 0/0         via :, Null0     R2#show ipv6 route    IPv6 Rou

17、ting Table - 7 entries    Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP           U - Per-user Static route           I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS

18、 - ISIS summary           O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2           ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2    C   10:/64 0/0 

19、60;       via :, Tunnel0    L   10:1/128 0/0         via :, Tunnel0    C   12:/64 0/0         via :, Serial2/1    L 

20、0; 12:2/128 0/0         via :, Serial2/1    O   23:/64 110/11175         via FE80:1700:3, Tunnel0    L   FE80:/10 0/0         via

21、:, Null0    L   FF00:/8 0/0         via :, Null0     R1#ping 23:4     Type escape sequence to abort.    Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23:4, timeout is 2 seconds:  

22、60; !    Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 344/380/420 ms    R1#tr    R1#traceroute 23:4     Type escape sequence to abort.    Tracing the route to 23:4       1 12:

23、2 132 msec 84 msec 104 msec      2 10:2 240 msec 352 msec 104 msec           /-看到是杂过去的了吧?发到ipv6的源端地址上走隧道过去的      3 23:4 332 msec 388 msec 356 msec     R1#ping 23.0.0.3  &

24、#160;  Type escape sequence to abort.    Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23.0.0.3, timeout is 2 seconds:    .                       /注意这里不通    Success rate is 0 percent (0/4)    R1#show ip route