高一第三册主谓一致Word版

1、专题：主谓一致基本概念 、定义：所谓“主谓一致”，就是指谓语在人称和数上必须受主语的人称和数的支配。 、主谓一致的种类： 语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词为复数形式。如： I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other and learn from each other. 意义上的一致 a.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如： The crowd were surrounding the government official. 单数形式代表复数内容的

2、词有：people, police, cattle等。如： The Chinese people are brave and hard-working. b.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如： Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 形复意单的单词有：news，works 和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称（如：“The Selected Poems of Li Bai”，the United States, the United Nations）以及以ics结尾的学科名称（如：physics，

3、politics，maths，economics等）。 就近原则 就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 a. 并列主语用连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接，谓语应同相邻主语保持人称和数的一致。Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. Are either you or he wrong? b. 在there be 表存在的句式中，主语是两个或多个名词（短语）的并列时，be 的形式与最前边的一个名词（短语）一致。如

4、： There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table. There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table. C. 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如 Between the two buildings stands a monument. On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those was the young w

5、oman. 难点释疑 A. 名词作主语 、某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如： My family is large.（看作一整体） My family all like music.（指家庭中一个个成员之和） 属于这类的集体名词还有audience, class, club, company, crew, crowd, group, government,party, public, staff 等。 名词population一词的使用情况类似。如： The population of

6、 the earth is increasing very fast. One third of the population in this country enjoy drinking coffee. 、单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时谓语动词用单数，反之，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), works(工厂), Chinese, Japanese等。如： Every means has been tried out without much result. All means have been tried o

7、ut without much result. This shoe works was set up in 1980. Those shoe works were all set up in 1980. 3、当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. Two hundred dollars gives Jack much help. 4、如果主语有more than one 或many a构成，尽管从意义上

8、看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍然用单数形式。如： More than one comrade has asked to stay. Many a passenger was killed in the accident. 5、不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词及eachand each, everyand every, noand no, many a and many a结构作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Every man and every woman is at work. Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken o

9、ut of the hall. 6、表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The trousers are in the drawer. There is a pair of shoes under the bed. The pair of shoes is rathe

10、r expensive. 7、如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, rest, some, neither, none, no等词，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之用单数。如： Some of the pigeons have been missing. Some of the ice has melted so far. All of the water in the area has been seriously polluted. All of the books have been sold out. The rest of the students are wateri

11、ng trees. The rest of the wine has gone bad. B. 由连接词连接的名词作主语 、用and或bothand连接并列主语，表示不同概念，谓语动词常用复数。如：Water and air are both important. Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。 但并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。 英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有： 相关名词并列表示整体概念。如：iron and steel law and order bread a

12、nd butter 配套事物。如： a watch and chain a needle and thread a coat and tie A knife and fork is needed for a western meal. The cart and horse is coming. 表示兼职或有多个称呼的人。如： the worker and poet The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 两个完全重合的概念并列。如： aim and end truth and honesty capacity and efficie

13、ncy love and affection To love and to be loved is the great happiness. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 、当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而

14、定。如： Your father as well as you is very kind to me. He, like you and Xiao Li, is very clever. Mr Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving London for Paris. C. 代词作主语 1、such, the same起指示代词作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如： Such is our plan. Such are my hopes. 2、关系代词which, who, that在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词

15、的数应与其前的先行词的数保持一致。如：Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who are good at maths. He is the only one of the children who often speaks ill of others behind their backs. 3、疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可以根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如： Who lives next door? Its Xiao Liu. Who li

16、ve next door? Its Zhang and Liu. D. 分数、量词作主语 、“分数或百分数of名词”构成的短语及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, a heap of, heaps of 名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。如： More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. One third of the students are girls in our group. 注意：a large qua

17、ntity of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，而(large) quantities of修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如： A large quantity of people is needed here. Large quantities of food have rotten away. 短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量的”；in small quantities意为“少量的”。 、a great deal of/ a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓

18、语动词用单数形式，但large amounts of 修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如： A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 、a number of复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数：the number of复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend. The n

19、umber of days in February this year is 28. 4、half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： Half of the building is finished. Part of the glasses in the store are made in Suzhou. E. 名词化的形容词作主语 “the形容词（或过去分词或现在分词）”如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old,

20、 the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living 等结构担任主语表示一类人时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但也有少数的形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用指个别或表示抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数。如： The young are more active than the old in the work. The injured in the accident is an engineer. The beautiful attracts all the tourists. F.动名词、不定式短语和从句作主语，谓

21、语动词用单数形式。如： To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think. Smoking is bad for health. That he has won the game is known to us all. 但what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如： What we need is more time. What we need are good teachers. 主谓一致专项练习 单项选择题： 1 The whole class _ the teacher attent

22、ively. A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening2. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 3. He played on the _ for two hours and when he returned he found half his goods _ stolen. A. sand; were B. sand; was

23、 C. sands; were D. sands; was 4. _ can be done _ been done. A. All; have B. All that; have C. All; has D. All that; has 5. About 40 _ of the population of that country _ on farms. A. percent; lives B. percent; live C. percents; live D. percents; lives 6. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years. A. is

24、; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five 7. No one but her parents _ it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing 8. The results of the examination _ that you have all made great _ . A. show; progress B. shows; progress C. show; progresses D. shows; progresses 9. No bird and no beast _ in t

25、he lonely island. A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees 10.Here _ a new pair of shoes for you.A. is B. are C. have D. has 单句改错题： 1. Your family is very kind. Ill never forget the favor youve done me. 2. When and where to build the new school havent been decided. 3. Three quarters of the land is cove

26、red with green grass while the rest are covered with pine trees. 4. Not even one of the hundred students who took the test have passed. 5. On each side of the street stands a lot of trees. 6. There seem to be a knife and fork on the table. 7. The students in our school each has known the meaning of

27、WTO. 8. The number of people who own cars are increasing. 9. Such people as he is to be punished. 10.It were Tom and John who played a trick on the old man.主谓一致检测1. Reading books _ one wise. A. make B. makes C. have made D. get2. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were3. Not on

28、ly I but also Jack and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be4. To know yourself _ important. A. is B. has C. are D. were5. The population of the earth _ increasing fast. A. has B. are C. is D. have been6. About 40% of the population of that country _ on farms

29、. A. live B. is C. lives D. works7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered8. The number of college students _ every year. A. raise B. raises C. rise C. rises9. A great number of power stations _ in the country since l

30、iberation. A. has set up B. have set up C. have been set up D. has been set up10. A great deal of money _ spent on books . A. has B. have C. has been D. have been11. The basketball team _ baths now. A. has B. have C. are having D. is having12. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have k

31、nown D. is knowing13. In that country the rich _ getting richer and richer. A. is B. are C. becomes D. have14. Every means _ tried to save the patients life. A. have B has C. have been D. has been15. In our country every boy and every girl _ the right to education. A. have B. has C. are D. is16. Either you or I _ going to the teachers office after class. A. am B. are C. is D. were17. _ he or you there at that time?