中国和美国高等教育之间的差异(英文)(共13页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上毕业论文中国和美国高等教育之间的差异The Differences of Higher Education between America and ChinaAbstractHigher education is an important approach to cultivate talented person. Different countries have different system of higher education. This paper aims at discussing the differences of higher education

2、 between China and America, and it not only puts forward the contrast analysis on the social environment, cultural tradition, education system and graduates ability between China and America, but also analyzes the differences of the education reform measures between these two countries.Key words: Hi

3、gher education; Difference; America; China中文摘要高等教育是培养人才的重要手段。不同国家拥有不同体制的高等教育。本文旨在讨论中、美两国高等教育的差异，它不仅提出了中、美两国社会环境和文化传统，教育制度和毕业生能力的对比分析，还分析了这两个国家教育改革措施的差异。关键词：高等教育；不同; 美国；中国Contents:I. IntroductionII. Chinese-American social environment and cultural tradition differences 2.1 Differences of attitudes on

4、 cultureIII. Chinese-American education system differences 3.1 Different establishments of curricula and specialty 3.2 Different choices of specialty curricula 3.3 Different styles of inspecting students result 3.4 Different styles of students management 3.5 Different methods of teaching lessons 3.6

5、 Differences between public and private schoolsIV. Chinese-American graduates ability differences 4.1 Differences of actual talents fosteredV. Chinese-American education reform measures differences 5.1 American reform measures 5.2 Chinese reform measuresVI. ConclusionThe Differences of Higher Educat

6、ion between America and ChinaI. IntroductionIt is well known that higher education has been more and more significant all over the world. Because of the development of science and technology, the relationship between higher education and national politics, economy, science, culture, military is beco

7、ming closer and closer day by day. This mutual relation especially shows in aspect of higher education. The higher education is vigorous and upward, and it not only simply shows the growth of quantity, but especially has had the huge change in the nature. China and America share many characteristics

8、 in higher education. However this paper has mainly discussed the differences between Chinese and American higher education. The two countries are different in four significant aspects: (1)social environment and cultural tradition (2)education system (3)graduates ability (4)education reform measures

9、.II. Comparison of the social environment and cultural tradition between China and America2.1 contrast of social environment and traditional education between China and AmericaAmerica is the biggest immigrant country. American economy emphasizes on the practical value, as well as individual value re

10、alization with fast development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc. The American advocates the independent way of life and work. The American owns full creative humanities spirit, the innovation is the forever subject in their brains. They pursue the hi-tech and prefer to compete.Cont

11、rast with young USA, China is the great nation with glorious history and cultural traditions. The Chinese people have the excellent moral of modesty, but also have been over cautious and conservative. Though Chinese economy and technology is quite backward, it has very strong potential development,

12、and Chinese students worked hard since they were small. Therefore China implements the policy of opening up, abundantly absorbs the benefit and enriches itself.The education between Chinese and American is extremely different. American education aims at building such an education to raise the creati

13、vity with less study and more thought. USA pays great attention to train the students practice ability to utilize the knowledge, cultivating the students to ask the knowledge and authority and building the ability to extend the knowledge system. That fact that 1/3 of numbers among all Nobel Prize wi

14、nners in the world are the American is a very good illustration. Compared with American higher education, Chinas higher education aims at building the foundation of education with more study and less thought; Chinese education pays more attention to instill and accumulate knowledge, cultivating the

15、students respect to the knowledge and authority and building the ability to inherit the knowledge system. III. Contrast of higher education system between Chinese and American3.1 different establishments of curricula and specialtyA nations higher education is the reflection of economic system. Ameri

16、can education aims at adapting for society demand, they explicitly stipulate three big functions: educations service for the economic development, the scientific research and teaching. The manifest of service in the establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social need and set up special

17、curriculum or specialty which the society needs. In China's universities, during quite long period of time, the establishment of specialty curriculum lacks the change and could not follow social demand. In the latest few years, the majority of Chinese universities all started to pay great attent

18、ion to the transformation and renewal of establishment of specialty curriculum so as to meet the need of society.3.2 different choices of specialty curriculaIn order to adapt the society, the American universities have established many specialties and curriculum of choice for students; the students

19、choose or transform specialties and schools according to own interest and hobby. The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education.In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of speci

20、alty in the school is not easy, transformation of school then is more difficult. In American universities, the compulsory courses are few, and elective courses are rich. While in Chinese universities, the compulsory subjects occupy the major part, and many schools（especially for technical colleges a

21、nd universities）have the phenomenon of more emphasizing on the Science subjects, little on the liberal arts.3.3 different styles of inspecting students resultWhen American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability

22、of memory or description. The American student need the mechanical memorizing, but displays creative thought as far as possible .This can cultivate students study interest, raise the ability of doing it by self and make the study be one kind of creative activity.However, many teachers still adopted

23、old teaching ways in Chinese universities, thus takes a test which needs mechanical memorizing. Such an inspection method has seriously attacked the students enthusiasm of study, caused the student to one-sidedly pay great attention to the theory and neglect the ability of practice.3.4 different sty

24、les of students managementIn the United States, many students at the school could conveniently take the IC card with a photo; the cards can be used to enter libraries and computer rooms and other facilities such as gymnasiums and other coliseum throughout the academy. Experienced consultants equippe

25、d by the school would help students to determine their main direction (major, a bit like our domestic professional) and guide students to choose specific classes. After selecting courses, in accordance with the school timetable, the septic time, place, classroom and course is entirely controlled by

26、individual who means that everyone has the right of their own curriculum. Unlike American students, Chinese students also need arrangements of classes and dormitories. Compared with the USAs IC card, our domestic student card and library card is similar to it. Except these, Chinese school has n

27、o experienced consultants to help students to determine their main direction. As for the accommodation of students, some schools have a limited number of student dormitories, each school has a restaurant and fast-food shops, but most of them are always operated by outside operators where management

28、are independent of schools. Most of students prefer to share a flat and live outside. So their dinner and lodging almost have no relationship with the school.  3.5 different methods of teaching lessonsIn the United States inspiring students is great important for teaching. In classroom tea

29、chers will specially put forward some inspiring questions for students. In such a teaching mode, the students in the classroom have a higher degree of freedom, and they can be ready to make their own doubt for teachers which made the teaching atmosphere lively and vivid. This method of teaching help

30、s to develop students abilities of independent thinking and solving problem, however, this approach has a high demand for teachers which easily lead to a decrease in teaching quality and depth.China's higher education pays more attention to the systematic study. When teaching the curriculum, tea

31、chers should follow in accordance with certain teaching programs. Students have certain interactive questions, but this question tends to be discussed after the class, rather than in the classroom. It is the main mode that class is taught by teachers and students just listen to the records. This app

32、roach is conducive to help the students learn systematic knowledge. The class content is quite rich, but they have less sense of innovation. 3.6 differences between public and private schoolsThere are more than 1500 public school of higher learning and more than 1600 private institutions in American

33、. Both the public and private schools have a good reputation and high quality of the university. Very few Americans judge the quality not from the perspective of public and private schools, but from their teachers, courses and history. However, many Chinese believe that private schools can be unmatc

34、hed with the public schools, and they are belittling or making an exclusion of private schools in heart. In private schools, Chinese people indeed should learn from the Americans, abandon the prejudice and make a correct and fair assessment for private schools.IV. Differences of quality and ability

35、of graduates between China and US4.1 differences of actual talents fosteredIn actual talent fostered, the ability of adapting to society from American students was stronger than the Chinese Students. There are more and more opportunities to participate in social activities. Almost all the students h

36、ave the experience of working outside. At the same time, civic education, campus cultural activities and community service activities in America increase the students ability to adapt to the community. While the Chinese Students stay under the closed campus for a long period，they have little direct

37、ties to society and poorly understand the community, therefore Chinese students have to adapt to working atmosphere later than Americans students for two to three years.V.Difference of reform measures5.1 American reform measuresCurrently, American progress in the field of technology and knowledge oc

38、cupies about 80 percent. The data is higher than one of the developed countries in Europe. Institutions of higher education should make indelible contribution to such a data. To meet the challenges of the 21st century, since the mid-1990s, the United States accelerates the reform of higher education

39、 systems which aimed at improving the quality of teaching and management efficiency and make greater contribution to the development of community and economy.Unprecedented expansion of social function of American University has become the power source for social development and progress. Therefore,

40、the United States government policy-makers set off a new round of the 21st century-oriented reform of higher education to promote the development of higher education as a national goal of the important strategic initiatives. In the 21st century, the key point of American higher education reform is t

41、o achieve universal higher education and make all over 18-year-old American youth have access to higher education.The overall idea of American Education reform is to build a higher education system which adapt to times demands. The most important measure is the reform of basic education and secondar

42、y education, the aim of idea is to meet the demand of adapting to the multiple reforms in future. To implement a strategic goal of universal higher education, the United States took a number of very innovative reform measures based on a substantial increase for education. These reform measures inclu

43、de: (1) implement small class teaching; (2) strengthen bilingual teaching, make college graduates more competitive and more adaptable; (3) improve the quality of teachers; in the system of employing teachers, schools take measures to employ formal teacher and informal teacher. In teaching methodolog

44、y, teachers must adopt the modern teaching methods with integration of traditional media and modern media together for teaching.5.2 Chinese reform measuresRegarding the quality education as the most important thing, China's higher education implements the strategy of sustainable development, bro

45、aden the area of knowledge base, promote the integration of cross-disciplinary and connection between schools and society. Such a style aims at cultivating talents with a strong sense of pioneering spirit, self-confidence, originality and boldly challenging the authority. China has been adhering to

46、the reform of higher education for a long time. The most notable effect from the college merger is improvement of teaching effect. The College merger resolves some problems from the current teaching system uncoordinated with the international trend of socialization and market and enables educational

47、 resources to promote the effective allocation. The second measure is to set up the college courses in a market-oriented direction and adapt to the needs of society. Now in many school curriculas is diverse, the initiative measures  are taken to meet the needs of the market, at the same time a

48、number of professionals closely related to social life are set up. The third initiative measure is based on the target of student-oriented.Since the 20th century, China's higher education emphasized the training of personnel ability, including the ability of acquiring knowledge, ability of analy

49、sis and problem-solving, ability of creating and certain organizational ability. At the same time the concept of quality education is put forward, which emphasizes the ideological and moral qualities, cultural quality, physical and mental quality. As a main part, students are not only the educated ones, b