unit11 American music

1、American MusicAmerican MusicMusic is more than just sound - it is a way of thinking! When we listen to music, sing and dance, or play an instrument, we are also becoming better thinkers. Music intelligence is one of our eight human intelligences. We can learn language from songs and chants. Some peo

2、ple study better with music on!TipsMusicMusic of the United States The music of the United States reflects the countrys multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. Rock and roll, blues, country, rhythm and blues, jazz, pop, techno, and hip hop are among the countrys most international

3、ly-renowned genres. The United States has the worlds largest music industry and its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.Styles of American Music v Jazzv R&Bv Rockv Hip hop/ rapv Pop v Countr

4、y musicJAZZJAZZJAZZ- - -爵士樂爵士樂爵士樂Jazz Jazz is a style of music that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorpo

5、rated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. Origins African music was largely functional, for work or ritual, and included work songs and field hollers The African tradition made use of a single-line melody and call-and-response pattern, but without the European concept of harmony

6、. Rhythms reflected African speech patterns, and the African use of pentatonic scales led to blue notes in blues and jazz.Elements of Jazz Jazz is very hard to describe because there are now many different styles of jazz. Common instruments used in Jazz music are trumpet, piano, and saxophone Improv

7、isation is a key element. Scat-singing is also commonJazz Jazz is a kind of music characterized by swung and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Though originally a kind of dance music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element

8、of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. 摇滚是一种音乐类型，起源于摇滚是一种音乐类型，起源于1940年代末期年代末期的美国，的美国，1950年代早期开始流行，迅速风靡全球。年代早期开始流行，迅速风靡全球。摇滚乐以其灵活大胆的表现形式和

9、富有激情的音摇滚乐以其灵活大胆的表现形式和富有激情的音乐节奏表达情感，受到了全世界年轻人的喜爱。乐节奏表达情感，受到了全世界年轻人的喜爱。 Rock&rollRock&roll music is a kind of type, originated in the 1940s and 1950s end of early American pop, quickly became popular in the world. Rock with its flexible bold expression and passion music rhythm expression of emotion, t

10、he young people around the world.Rock Origins Early Rock music actually came from R&B. Unfortunately, this was a product of racismRock&Roll Rock and roll developed out of country, blues, and R&B. Rocks exact origins and early influences have been hotly debated, and are the subjects of much scholarsh

11、ip. Though squarely in the blues tradition, rock took elements from Afro-Caribbean and Latin musical techniques .Rock was an urban style, formed in the areas where diverse populations resulted in the mixtures of African American, Latin and European genres ranging from the blues and country to polka

12、and zydeco.Rock and roll first entered popular music through a style called rockabilly, which fused the nascent sound with elements of country music. Black-performed rock and roll had previously had limited mainstream success, but it was the white performer Elvis Presley who first appealed to mainst

13、ream audiences with a black style of music, becoming one of the best-selling musicians in history, and brought rock and roll to audiences across the world.Rock Music Rock music is a genre of popular music that entered the mainstream in the 1960s. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rh

14、ythm and blues, country music and also drew on folk music, jazz and classical music. Rock Music Even though Rock music keeps changing through the years, the drums and electric guitar are always there. Most Rock fans are white peopleElvis Aron Presley ：Love Me Tender Heartbreak Hotel Bill Haley Bill

15、Haley was called the father of rock, founder of the rock. Bill Haley 被称之为摇滚乐被称之为摇滚乐之父，也是摇滚之父，也是摇滚乐的创始人。乐的创始人。 Elvis Aron Presley猫王猫王Recommend repertoire 推荐曲目推荐曲目Heartbreak Hotel Moody Blue Burning Love Way Down Heavy Metal 重金属重金属 Coryphaeus 主唱者主唱者Guitar 吉他吉他 Drum-set 架子鼓 Keyboard 键盘 Bass 贝斯贝斯Crazy 疯

16、狂疯狂Passion 激情激情 TheStyleOfTheMusicMayBe?Country music!Country Music originated among whites in rural areas of the southern and western U.S. most popular in the US countryside and somewhat popular in the cities but not very popular outside the US. Common themes: life in rural America, love, crime, an

17、d prison life. 乡村音乐是一种当代的流行音乐，起源于美国南乡村音乐是一种当代的流行音乐，起源于美国南部与阿帕拉契山区。乡村音乐的根源可追溯至部与阿帕拉契山区。乡村音乐的根源可追溯至1920年代，融合了传统民谣音乐、凯尔特音乐、年代，融合了传统民谣音乐、凯尔特音乐、福音音乐及古时音乐。乡村音乐的曲调，一般都福音音乐及古时音乐。乡村音乐的曲调，一般都很流畅、动听，曲式结构也比较简单。很流畅、动听，曲式结构也比较简单。 Country music is a kind of contemporary pop music, originated in the southern United

18、 States and Appalachia mountains. Country music is rooted in the 1920s, the traditional folk music, integration Gospel music and music, Celtic in music. Country music melody, generally very smooth phrasing structure, beautiful, also is simple. Country music is primarily a fusion of African American

19、blues and spirituals with Appalachian folk music, adapted for pop audiences and popularized beginning in the 1920s. The origins of country are in rural Southern folk music, which was primarily Irish and British, with African and continental European musics.Anglo-Celtic tunes, dance music, and ballad

20、ry were the earliest predecessors of modern country, then known as hillbilly music. Early hillbilly also borrowed elements of the blues and drew upon more aspects of 19th-century pop songs as hillbilly music evolved into a commercial genre eventually known as country and western and then simply coun

21、try.The earliest country instrumentation revolved around the European-derived fiddle and the African-derived banjo, with the guitar later added.59 String instruments like the ukulele and steel guitar became commonplace due to the popularity of Hawaiian musical groups in the early 20th century .Count

22、ry Music Instruments Common instruments used in country music include the fiddle (violin), banjo, and slide-guitar. History of Country Music In the 1950s,American music was about other things, for example, love and money. In the 1960s, songs were often full of anger, and some of them made fun of the

23、 political leaders. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular .Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USAmoney, success or expensive things to buy. Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone. Today country m

24、usic has become big business. It brings in a lot of money. Now, it hasreached all parts of the States, from Los Angeles in the west to New York in the east. It remains much the same as before. One subject is “the good old days ”. In “the goodold days” people thought well of each other. People loved

25、life in the open air.They believed that the best things in life were free: sunshine, laughing,walks in the beauty ofthe country, friends and music.Jimmie Rodgers Country musics father JimmieRodgers对美国乡村音乐的影响是巨大的，尽对美国乡村音乐的影响是巨大的，尽管他的演艺生涯大部分是在美国经济最不景气的时期度过，管他的演艺生涯大部分是在美国经济最不景气的时期度过，而他的演出又常集中在最贫穷的地区，但当

26、我们在他的纪念而他的演出又常集中在最贫穷的地区，但当我们在他的纪念专辑封套上读到：专辑封套上读到：“在他的全盛期，手头并不宽裕的村民踏在他的全盛期，手头并不宽裕的村民踏进商店，买了一些生活必须品之后，全都会再要一张他的最进商店，买了一些生活必须品之后，全都会再要一张他的最新唱片新唱片”时，我们不会不为之感动他是时，我们不会不为之感动他是“村里会唱歌的小村里会唱歌的小伙子伙子”，也是老百姓心中的英雄，也是老百姓心中的英雄 Jimmie Rodgers to American country musics influence is huge, although most of his career

27、 in the U.S. economy is the weakest, and he spent time and often focus on the performance of the poorest regions, but when we are in his album covers read: in his heyday, have not bounteous villagers grocery store and bought some necessities, all will have another of his latest album, we wont. He is

28、 the village will sing guy, but also people hero.Country Music Songs “When You Say Nothing At All” - Keith Whitley “Wide Open Spaces”- Dixie Chicks “This Kiss”- Faith Hill Taylor Alison Swift 泰勒泰勒斯威夫特斯威夫特 American country music female artist, will use acoustic guitar, piano. 美国乡村音乐女创作歌手，会用木美国乡村音乐女创作

29、歌手，会用木吉他、钢琴演奏。吉他、钢琴演奏。 Favorite Female Country Artist 最受欢迎乡村女艺人最受欢迎乡村女艺人 Best New Artist 最佳新人奖最佳新人奖 Accordion 手风琴手风琴Autoharp 竖琴竖琴 Harmonica 口琴口琴Piano 钢琴钢琴 Drums 鼓鼓 Fiddle 小提琴小提琴 American country music in different times Times Subjects 1990s 1950s 1960s 1) feeling alone in the modern world2) the valu

30、e of having good friends1) love-getting or losing a boyfriend or girlfriend2) money was also thought to be important1) were often full of anger 2) often made fun of political leadersAmerican country music (returned)results homescopesingersequipmentsubject1.big business2.brings in a lot of moneyNashv

31、ille Tennesseeall parts of the worldnot just from the States but from all over the worlda lot of electrical equipmentthe good old daysAmerican country music todaysorts Early Country 早期乡村乐 Cowboy 牛仔音乐 Western Swing西部摇摆 Blue Grass 兰草音乐 Honkyu-Tonk酒吧音乐 Rockabilly 乡土摇滚 The Nashville Sound 纳什维尔之声 Country

32、-rock 乡村摇滚 Outlaw叛道运动 New Traditional Country新传统主义 New Country新乡村音乐 Retro回归音乐John Denver1943 burn in New Mexico,he learned architecture at university.1971 He came to the front for Take Me Home, Country Roads（乡村之路）.His songs were full of his love to the hometown,the respect of nature,the admire of li

33、fe and the hope of a beautiful world.1997 When he drived his pubble-jumper,the plane fell.Then he left his funs forever.His famous songs: Take Me Home, Country Roads Rocky Mountain High高高洛基山 African Sunshine非洲的黎明George Strait1952.5.18 Burn at Texas.He was one of the most famous country music singers

34、 in 1980s. 1971 He joined the army.1973 He bought a cheap geta.He formed a band named Rambling Country. 1975 He gone back home and went to Sounthwest Tesxas university studying agriculture. 1979 He recorded his firse album in MCA。After that,Straitstayed on the top for a long time.1992 He take part i

35、n the film Pure Country.Four songs of this film went to the top of broadcast.His famous songs: I Saw God Today It Just Comes Natural Good News, Bad News Murder On Music RowShania Twain1965.8.28 Burn in Ontario Canada，she was the most popular morden country music singer after Garth Brooks in the midd

36、le of 1990s. She began to learn guitar,creative and singing when she was very young. 。1993 first album Shania Twain1996 Recived the village Grammy Award singer(格莱美最佳乡村女歌手奖)by Any man of mine .Her famous songs:What Made You Say That(1993) 是什么让你说起那些Any Man Of Mine(1996）我的男人Youar Still The One(1999） 你是

37、我的唯一From This Moment On就从此刻起 R&B的全名是的全名是Rhythm & Blues，一般译作，一般译作 “节节奏布鲁斯奏布鲁斯”(R&B)，时至今日，时至今日，R&B已经成了黑人已经成了黑人流行音乐的代名词，尽管它更多的是作为一种区别流行音乐的代名词，尽管它更多的是作为一种区别于说唱乐于说唱乐(Rap)、灵魂乐、灵魂乐(Soul)、都市歌、都市歌(Urban)的的音乐种类被特殊的听众和唱片界人士提及。音乐种类被特殊的听众和唱片界人士提及。R&B Rhythm and Blues is full of translation R&B, (R&B), today, R&B

38、 music has become the pronoun of black popular, although it is more of a kind of difference in Rap (Rap), Soul (there), Urban song (music by the situation) types of special audience and record circles mentioned.History Precursors The precursors of rhythm and blues came from jazz and blues . Late 194

39、0s In 1948, RCA Victor was marketing black music under the name Blues and Rhythm. In 1949, the term Rhythm and Blues replaced the Billboard category Harlem Hit Parade. R&B Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B, is a genre of popular African American music that originated in the 1940s.The term w

40、as originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat was becoming more popular. R&B, an abbreviation for rhythm and blues, is a style that arose in the 1930s and

41、1940s. Early R&B consisted of large rhythm units smashing away behind screaming blues singers (who) had to shout to be heard above the clanging and strumming of the various electrified instruments and the churning rhythm sections. R&B was not extensively recorded and promoted because record companie

42、s felt that it was not suited for most audiences, especially middle-class whites, because of the suggestive lyrics and driving rhythms.Bandleaders like Louis Jordan innovated the sound of early R&B, using a band with a small horn section and prominent rhythm instrumentation. By the end of the 1940s,

43、 he had had several hits, and helped pave the way for contemporaries like Wynonie Harris and John Lee Hooker. Many of the most popular R&B songs were not performed in the rollicking style of Jordan and his contemporaries; instead they were performed by white musicians like Pat Boone in a more palata

44、ble mainstream style, which turned into pop hits.By the end of the 1950s, however, there was a wave of popular black blues-rock and country-influenced R&B performers like Chuck Berry gaining unprecedented fame among white listeners. 早期的摇滚乐就是以早期的摇滚乐就是以R&B为基础的，它是为基础的，它是由受流行音乐影响的由受流行音乐影响的“乡村和西部音乐乡村和西部音

45、乐”延延展而来。展而来。R&B不仅仅是在布鲁斯和摇滚乐之不仅仅是在布鲁斯和摇滚乐之间的一种重要的过渡音乐，它还是布鲁斯和间的一种重要的过渡音乐，它还是布鲁斯和灵魂乐之间最重要的音乐分支。灵魂乐之间最重要的音乐分支。 Early in the rock, R&B, it is the basis for the popular music influence country and western music. R&B is not only in the blues and rock music is a kind of important between the music, it stil

46、l transition between Bruce and soul music is the most important.R.Kelly R. Kelly American R&B and rap music is the most outstanding singer, songwriter and producer, making him one of the music can always very good music rap music, R&B and soul perfect confluence is together and create beautiful melo

47、dy, thus can get r. Kelly produced album never let the fans, and he himself suffer ear or 1990s album sales of the best male singer. R. Kelly是美国是美国R&B和说唱音乐中最出色的歌和说唱音乐中最出色的歌手，制作人和词曲作者之手，制作人和词曲作者之一，由他制作的音乐总能一，由他制作的音乐总能很好的把说唱音乐，很好的把说唱音乐，R&B音乐以及灵魂乐完美的融音乐以及灵魂乐完美的融合在一起并创造出优美的合在一起并创造出优美的旋律，因而能够得到旋律，因而能够得到R

48、. Kelly制作的专辑决不会让制作的专辑决不会让歌迷的耳朵受罪，同时他歌迷的耳朵受罪，同时他本人还是本人还是90年代专辑销量年代专辑销量最好的男歌手之一。最好的男歌手之一。最佳灵魂乐最佳灵魂乐/R&B女歌手女歌手The best soul/R&B singer格莱美音乐大奖格莱美音乐大奖 Grammy R&B singer global sales of the best全球销量最佳全球销量最佳R&B女歌手女歌手Hip Hop嘻哈嘻哈 说唱说唱 Hip-hop是是20多年前始于美多年前始于美国街头的一种黑人文化，也泛指国街头的一种黑人文化，也泛指说唱乐。说唱乐。 Hip-hop 文化的四种文

49、化的四种表现方式包括有节奏（押韵地说表现方式包括有节奏（押韵地说话）、街话）、街 舞、玩唱片及唱盘技舞、玩唱片及唱盘技巧、涂巧、涂 鸦鸦 艺艺 术。术。 因此说唱只是因此说唱只是hip-hop 文化中的一种元素，要文化中的一种元素，要加上其它舞蹈、服饰、生活态度加上其它舞蹈、服饰、生活态度等才构成完整的等才构成完整的hip-hop文化。文化。 Hip hop is 20 years ago - the American street began a black culture, also referring to rap. Hip hop - four culture includes rhy

50、thm expression to speak), (rhyme, playing and dancing street, crow turntable skill art. So hip hop rap just a kind of culture - with other elements, dance, clothing, life attitude to constitute a complete hip hop - text.Hip-Hop Hip hop first emerged among young urban blacks in New York City during t

51、he late 1970s/early 1980s. By the late 1990s Hip-hop had become more popular than Rock music in America. Jay-ZRap godfather（说唱界教父说唱界教父 ）Real Name（本名） Shawn Corey CarterAmerican hip-hop music artist, entrepreneur. In April 2008 with Beyonce marriage. Most NBA players are listening to songs of JAY Z美国

52、嘻哈音乐艺术家、企业美国嘻哈音乐艺术家、企业家，于在家，于在2008年年4月月4日与碧日与碧昂丝结婚。昂丝结婚。NBA大部分球员大部分球员都是听着都是听着JAY-Z的歌长大的的歌长大的The four elements of hip-hop Rapping DJ-ing Break dancing Graffiti ArtSampling Hip hop is one of the first styles of music to use Sampling. (Taking parts of one song and using it in another) Examples: Madonna

53、 Louise Veronica Ciccone ： “Express Yourself” “Summer Madness”Pop-流行音樂Pop Music Pop music is hard to describe because its just music that is popular at any given time. Pop music may be very similar to Rap, R&B, Rock or even Country music but it is designed to have mass appeal.Pop music is often a fu

54、sion of styles Classical 古典乐古典乐Classical music is overcastted test, for all the dust, like music. Classical music is an independent schools, artistic pursuit , rationally washs practice expressing emotion.古典音乐是历经岁月考验，久盛不古典音乐是历经岁月考验，久盛不衰，为众人喜爱的音乐。古典音乐衰，为众人喜爱的音乐。古典音乐是一个独立的流派，艺术手法讲求是一个独立的流派，艺术手法讲求洗练，追求

55、理性地表达情感。洗练，追求理性地表达情感。 Development historyDevelopment history 发展历史发展历史Medieval Period 中世纪时期中世纪时期 (1450年前年前) Major in poetry主要以诗篇为主主要以诗篇为主Baroque 巴洛克时期巴洛克时期 (约为公元约为公元16001750) Fantasia, overture幻想曲、序曲幻想曲、序曲Classical古典主义时期古典主义时期(约公元约公元17501820) Sonata奏鸣曲奏鸣曲Romanticism浪漫主义时期浪漫主义时期(约为公元约为公元18201900) This

56、 period of music pay more attention to express ones mental state and subjective feelings, the natural scenery of the performance also increasingly prominent, the creation of ethnic and folk music on the use of more attention and frequent. 这一时期的音乐更注重表达人的精神境界与主观感情，对自然景物的这一时期的音乐更注重表达人的精神境界与主观感情，对自然景物的表

57、现也愈加突出，创作上对民族和民间音乐的利用更加重视与频繁。表现也愈加突出，创作上对民族和民间音乐的利用更加重视与频繁。 Leonard Bernstein 伦纳德伦纳德伯恩斯坦伯恩斯坦 （19181990) The most outstanding music command master美国最杰出的音乐指挥大师He is a conductor, composers, performers collection, educators, theorists in the art world masters, its artistic attainments. The international public opinion thinks, “he left blank is difficult to fill the”.他是一位集指挥家、作曲家、演奏家、教他是一位集指挥家、作曲家、演奏家、教育家、理论家于一身的艺术大师，其艺术育家、理论家于一身的艺术大师，其艺术造诣举世推崇。国际舆论认为，造诣举世推崇。国际舆论认为，“他所留他所留下的空白是难以填补的下的空白是难以填补的”。 The Ameican Music Awards The AMAs were created by Di