（整理版高中英语）第二册Unit12Factandfantasy

1、第二册unit 12 fact and fantasyi单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1beiieve 2application 3hunt 4collide 5hesitation 6gently高考须掌握的短语：1earn/make 2out 3in 4upon/on 5up考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1aboard adv&pprep在船(飞机，车)上，上船(飞机，车) eg： she has gone aboard她已经上飞机(船，车)了。she went aboard the plane她上了飞机。相关链接bo

2、ard vt上车/船 on board在车上(船上)用法拓展：go aboard上船(飞机，车)，(aboard为副词) go aboard the plane上飞机(aboard为介词) all aboard!请上船(上飞机，上车)!特别提醒：aboard可以用on board替换，go aboardgo on board上船(飞机/车) go aboard the piane=go on board the plane(上飞机)=board the plane2matter n物质；事情(a matter)；情况，事态(户z)；麻烦事，毛病(the matter)eg： that will

3、 make matters worse那会使事态变得更糟。what's the matter with you?你怎么了?用法拓展as a matter of fact事实上，实际上 in the matter of关于 no matter how(when，where，who，whethe r)不管怎样(何时，哪里，谁，是否)to make matters worse更糟的是特别提醒：(1)matter当“麻烦事，毛病讲时用the matter，当“事态，情况讲时，通常用复数形式。 (2)matter还可用于不及物动词，通常用在疑问句，否认句或条件句中。 eg：it doesn

4、9;t matter who wiil go there谁去那儿没关系。what does it matter?有什么关系?案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1( 典型例题分 ) after all the passengers went , the ship set sail. a. on the board b. on the boards c. aboard d. abroad考题1点拨：答案为c。此题考查go aboard“上船。on the board表示。在木板上。on the boards表示“当演员，abroad表示“到国外，go abroad“出国均与题不符。句意为：“当所有乘

5、客登上船后，船就起航了。考题2-1 (典型例题)in charac-ter training of children, what really much is what their parents say and do. a. matters b. cares c. considers d. minds考题2-2( 典型例题 分 ) does matter if he can't finish the work on time? a. this b. that c. he d. it考题21点拨：答案为a。根据题意“在孩子性格培养中，真正有关系的是他们父母的言行举止。matter“有关

6、系，要紧；care“介 意，关系，主语应为人。应选a。 考题22点拨：答案为d。此题考查matter用作不及物动词。表示，要紧，有关系，it代替if he can't finish the work on time。句意为：“如果他不能按时完成工作有关系吗?3hesitate讲踌躇；犹豫；有疑虑；不愿eg： when he was asked to speak，he hesitated for a few minutes 当让他发言时，他犹豫了一会儿。 i hesitated to ask you，but will you lend me some money? 能借点钱给我吗?我本不

7、想开口，实在不得已。相关链接：hesitation n踌躇；犹豫 hesitating adj令人犹豫的 hesitingly adv令人犹豫地用法拓展；hesitate at nothing对什么事都毫不迟疑 hesitate to do sth对做某事犹豫不决 hesitate about doing sth对做某事犹豫不决 without hestiation毫不犹豫特别提醒：hesirate为不及物动词。考题3-1 (典型例题 he for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwist he a goal. a. paused; had sco

8、red b. hesitated; scored c. stopped; would have scored d. hesitated; would have scored考题3-2 when you get into trouble, don't hesitate me for help. a. in asking b. asking c. to ask d. to asking考题3-1点拨：答案为d。hesitate for a moment“犹豫了一会儿。would have scored“本来会踢中一球。此题后半句，otherwise hewould have scored

9、a goal为虚拟语气。stop不与段时间连用。句意为：“他在射门前犹豫了一会儿，否那么的话，他就踢进一球。 考题32点拨：答案为c。此题考查hesitate to do sth“干某事犹豫。句意为：“当你陷入困境时，不要不好意思向我求助。二、重点短语4throw light on/upon使某事显得非常清楚，使人明白 eg： the modern scientific deveiopment has thrown iight on this question 现代科学的开展已使这个问题明朗化。 can you throw any light on the problem? 你能把这个问题阐述

10、清楚吗?用法拓展：bring sthto light使某事显露出来eg： his trick was brought to light他的手段被揭露出来。 come to iight暴露，显露出来 expose sthto the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下特别提醒：throw light on/upon sth中的light为不可数名词，前无冠词。用法拓展：set out(off)for动身去某地 set out to do sth开始做某事 set about doing sth开始做某事 set aside留出，拨出 set up建起，建立 set fire to点

11、火烧 set to work(使)开始干 set foot in/on踏上，进入特别提醒：set out后接不定式作宾语，表示“开始干某事，而set about后接动名词作宾语，表示“开始做某事。set out表示“动身相当于set off。考题4 (典型例题分)professor karl is a scientist whose experiments have the amazing thing. a. threw light on b. thrown great light on c. thrown a great light on d. thrown a light on考题4点拨：

12、答案为b。此题考查throw light on/upon sth“使明白。5set out出发；着手做eg： let's set out before six让我们在6点之前动身。she set out to make the experiment她开始做实验。考题5 (典型例题when everything was ready, we to do the work. a. set about b. set out c. set free .d. set down考题5点拨：答案为b。解此题关键是“to do thework"为动词不定式，故用set out；而set abo

13、ut后接动名词作宾语。句意为：“当一切就绪；我们就着手做这项工作。三、重点交际用语6i believe/suppose我认为/猜eg：i suppose you are right我猜你是对的。 i believe that she will come back soon我认为她不久就会回来。 i don't think he will come he re我认为他不会来这儿。用法拓展：(1)i don't think(believe，suppose，imagine)that从句，当主句为第一人称时，否认从句应否认主句，其反意疑问句应与从句一致。 eg： i don't

14、 believe he is right， is he?我认为他是不对的，是吗? (2)当believe(suppose，think，imagine，suggest，expect)等后的从句为特殊疑问句时，应使用下面这个句式。 特殊疑问词what(when，where，who)do yoga think(believe，suppose)+从句(从句中用陈述句语序)。 eg： who do you think he will go with?你认为他会和淮去? where do you suppose they'll go for their holidays? 你猜他们要去哪儿度假?

15、what places do you suggest i visit?你建议我到哪些地方观光?特别提醒：suggest用于此句型时，谓语动词用should+动词原形或省略should。考题6-1(典型例题 分)-we haven't heard from mary for a long time. -what do you suppose to her?a. was happening b. to happen c. has happened d. having happened考题6-2(典型例题)i don't think he will finish the work i

16、n such a short time, ？ a. do i b. won't he c. will he d. don't i考题61点拨：答案为c。此题考查what do you suppose·?句型，同时考查动词的时态·从第一句话，we haven't heard from maryfor a long time看出，这里强调对现在的影响，所以用现在完成时态。句意为：“我们很久没收到玛丽的来信了?你猜她会出什么事呢? 考题6-2点拨：答案为c。此题考查l think从句中否认转移。反意疑问句要与从句一致。句意为：“我认为他不会在这么短时间 内

17、完成任务，对吗?四、重点句型 7another wonderful story is that of，ourney to the center of the earth另一个奇妙的故事是地心游记的故事。 the land of china is larger than that of america中国的陆地面积比美国的大。 the book on the bed is more interesting than that on the desk 床上的那本书比桌上的有趣。特别提醒：(1)that替代前面提到的同类东西，可代替可数名词与不可数名词常带后置定语。(一般不指人) (2)one，on

18、es，it，those也可代替前面提到的名词，但用法各有不同，one指代上文提到的可数名词单数；ones指上文提到的复数名词；it指上文提到的原物；those指代上文提到的可数名词复数，表特指后常带后置定语，可与the ones互换。 eg：he had suffered from a serious disease，one we never heard of before他染上了一种严重的疾病，一种我们以前没听说过的病。i was disappointed with the filmi had expected it to be much better 我对这部电影很失望，我本来预料它会更好

19、。 mrs zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except those(the ones)who had already taken them考题7-1 (典型例题拟 ,1 分) -is your school life of other teens? -in many ways, yes.a. this b. the same c. one d. that考题7-2(典型例题分)l'd like to buy a dictionary, at proper price but of great help. a. this b. th

20、at c. one d. it考题7-3 hurry up, there's no more than one camera in the shop. let's buy a. this b. that c. one d. it考题71点拨：答案为d。·that用来指代school life，t school life为不可数名词，故不用one。句意为：“你的生活和其他10多岁孩子的一样吗?在许多-方面一样。考题7-2点拨：答案为c。one表示“任何一本字典。one at proper price but of great help作a dictionary的同位语，

21、表示“泛指。句意为：“我想买一本字典，一本价格公正但又有帮助的字典。考题7一3点拨；答案为d。根据no more than one camera得知，只有买它，故用it。句意为：“快点。店里只有一台照相机了。让我们买它吧。五、词语辨析8lielay (1)lie躺；位于，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain，现在分词是lying。 eg： he has been lying in bed ail day他在床上躺了一整天。 my schooi iies in the center of the ciw我们位于市中心。 the trouble lies in the engine问题在于发动机。

22、 (2)lie当“撒谎讲时，其过去式是iied过去分词也是lied现在分词是lying。 eg： how can you iie to me?你怎么能跟我撒谎呢? (3)lay vt放置；铺设；产卵其过去式是iaid，过去分词是laid，现在分词是iaying。 eg：he laid the book on the desk他把书放在桌子上。 how many eggs are laid every day?每天能下多少蛋? lay the table摆桌子lay a foundation打地基/根底 lay the foundation of奠定的根底特别提醒：lay既是“放置，产卵的原形，

23、又是“躺，位于的过去式；lying既是“躺，位于的现在分词，又是“说谎的现在分词。lie当“撒谎讲时，既用作动词，也可用作名词，可构成短语lie to sb“向某人撒谎或teli a lie(1ies)“说谎。 考题8 ( 典型例题1 分 ).the boy _ _ that he saw an egg _ by a cock. a. lay; iay b. laid; laid c. lied; lain d. lied; laid考题8点拨；答案为d。从an egg by a cock，得知。公鸡下蛋是不可能的事，故用撒谎，“撒谎应用。lie过去式为lied；lay an egg。产卵而e

24、gg与lay之问为被动关系，应用过去分词laid作定语。句意为：“这男孩撒谎说他看见一只公鸡下了一个蛋。 11语法归纳 精通规那么 游刃有余 构词法(二) 本单元的语法工程继续学习构词法，以下将常见的一些后缀归纳如下：一able表示“属性的 accept接受 acceptable可接受的 suit适宜suitabie适宜的 一al表示“具有职务的人或 “事物的动作(过程)nation国家 national 国家的 nature自然 natural自然的 arrive到达 arrival到达。一an表示。地方的人 ametica美国；美洲 american美国的(人)austraiia澳大利亚

25、australian澳大利亚的 一er表示“某地区(方)的人 farm农场 farmer农民 v1lage村庄 villager 村民 一or表示“者visit参观visitor参观者act表演actor演员 一ess表示“阴性人称名词 waiter效劳员 waitress女效劳员 host招待 hostess女主人 一ese表示“国人china中国chinese中国人；汉语japan日本 japanese日本人；日语 一ist表示“·家(者)piano钢琴 pianist钢琴家 social社会的 socialist 社会主义者 一ian表示“地方的人或精通的人music音乐 mu

26、sician音乐家 asia亚洲 asian亚洲的(人) 一ism表示“制度，学说。主义信仰material物质materialism唯物主义 soeial社会的soeialism社会主义 一ment表示。行为、状态、过程amuse使发笑；使愉快amusement娱乐；消 遣entertain娱乐；招待 entertainment款待。；娱乐 equip装备 equipment设备 一nesb表示。性质，状态happy快乐的，幸福的 happiness快乐，幸福 ill有病的 illness疾病selfish自私的 selfishness自私一tion/一at|on表示“行为的过程，结果col

27、lect收集 collection收集liberate解放liberation解放translate翻译translation翻译 ship表示“性质技能或身份friend朋友 friendship友谊member成员 membership成员资格 relation关联 relationship关系一fy/ify表示“使化使成beauty美丽 beautify美化simple简、单的simplify简化一cn表示使成为wide宽的 widen加宽 short短的 shorten缩短 length长度lengthen加长考题 写出以下词的正确形式encourage n. liberaten. s

28、trengthvt. hard vt. suitadj.考题点拔： encourage encouragement liberate liberation strength strengthen hardharden suit suitableiv专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：专题详解：主要考查的知识点：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。重点复习：whetherif和that的区别。that从句和wh-从句的区别wh一引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义相当于一个名词后加定语从句。注意连接代词和连接副词的选择。考题 (典型例题 分)-excuse me. but can you tell

29、me the way to the small town.？ it depends on you go. there are several ways of get-ting there. a. when b. how c. where d. if考题点拨： l答案为b。一此题主要考查几个不同的疑问词引导名词性从句时意义上的区别。乍一看，此题四个选项部符合空白处的句意。但看完题目的最后一句话中的信息前方可判断应该是“怎样走。故答案为b。v考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回忆1 测试考点7 (典型例题e"ve heen looking at hou-ses but haven

30、9;t found we like yet. a. one b. ones c. it d. them1a点拨：此题考查代词的用法。one用于泛指，指代上文出现的可数名词单数形式house。回忆2 测试考点6 (典型例题um is coming. what present for your birthday? a. you expect she has got b. you expecl has she got c. do you expect she has got d. do you expect has she got 2。c点拨：此句型为what do you expect+从句，其中

31、从句要用陈述语序。 回忆3 测试考点 7 (典型例题 moving to the country-side because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. a. ones b. one c. that d. those3c点拨：that用来指代不可数名词the air。句意为：“我要搬到农村去，因为那里的空气比城市的空气要清新得多。回忆4 测试考点 2 (典型例题 i have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter _ _ im ta

32、lking to. a. whoisit b. whoit is c. it is who d. it is whom4b点拨：it作形式主语，后面的从句是真正的主语，从句要用陈述语序。vi高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 预测1：matter用作动词预测2：i think/believe,/supposethat句式的反意疑问句 预测根据：l think/believe/supposethat句式的反意疑问句要根据宾语从句进行。 eg：i think he is honest，isn't he?(我 认为他是老实的是吗?)特别注意当主句是否认形式时，要构成否认的转移，即对后

33、面的宾语从句进行否认，反意疑问句用肯定形式进行。 eg：i don't think he is honest。is he?(我认为他不老实，是吗?)这是高考对反意疑问句进行考查的一个重点。预测3：that /those用来指代前面出现的名词 预测根据：that和those皆可用来指代前面出现的名词但指代有所不同。that用来指代前面出现的不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式；those用来指代可数名词的复数形式。 eg：the weather in beijing is not as good as that in kunming的天气没有 的好。(that指代预测4：lie的用法 预测根据

34、：预测5：话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“事实与梦想内容涉及科学数据、科学创造、科幻作家、科幻小说、空间旅行、未来生话，长生不老、外来生物等。语言技能和语言知识都是依据“事实与梦想这一中心话题而设计的。高考与此话题有关的题目会出现在阅读理解局部，会以科普类的形式出一篇阅读理解题，涉及以上谈到的话题。二、考题预测备考1测试考点 7 meeting my aunt after all these years was an unforgettable moment. i will always treasure. a. that b. one c.it d. what1b 点拨：one用来指代前文出现

35、的an,unforgettable moment，作其同位语，同时以one作先行词，后出现其定语从句1 will always treasure。备考2测试考点 8 the young man on his back with his eyes half-closed. a. lain b. laid c. lied d. lay2d点拨：躺(1ie)的一般过去式为lay。备考3测试考点 i hardly had we gone the ship when it started to leave. a. aboard b. board c. aboard on d. board on3a点拨：

36、go aboard登上。句意为：“我们刚登上船船就开了。 备考4测试考点 5 as soon as she returned, she to clean the room thoroughly. a. set about b. set out c. set off d. set up4b点拨：此题考查与set有关的动词词组辨析。set about后接名词或动名词，表示“开始或着手干，set out to do表示“开始干；set off表示“出发、动身"；set up表示“建立建起。 备考5测试考点 4 now sciehtists are trying to light on some mysterious subjects. a. gent b. bring c. t