人教版初中英语语法专题专练(共26页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题一句子成分基础巩固.单句填空1.The (nation) park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.  答案national空格处在句中作名词park的定语,故填提示词的形容词形式national。2.The (fail) was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.  答案failure句意:这

2、次失败对他来说是个沉重的打击,可是他没有气馁,很快他又像以前那样情绪高涨了。空格处在句中作主语,结合空前的定冠词可知,应填名词failure。3.Dashan, has been learning crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. 答案who句意:几十年来,一直在学习中国喜剧传统相声的大山想把相声和西方喜剧传统融合起来。前两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故用who引

3、导定语从句。4.She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I (admit) that I hadn't. 答案admitted句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。空格处在句中与asked作并列谓语,且表示过去发生的动作,因此应用一般过去时态。故空格处填admitted。5.Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see (they) daughter settle down, get married, and have kids. 

4、0;答案their句意:布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来,结婚生子。空格处在句中作名词daughter的定语,故填形容词性物主代词their。6.We offer an excellent education to our students; in return, we expect them (work) hard. 答案to work句意:我们为我们的学生提供良好的教育;作为回报,我们希望他们努力学习。空格处在句中作宾补,结合“expect sb. to do sth.”可知,空格处填to work。7.That young man is (honesty), coope

5、rative, and always there when you need his help.  答案honest句意:那个年轻人诚实、有合作精神,并且当你需要他的帮助时,他总是在那里。空格处在句中作表语,结合语境可知,空格处填honest。8.When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I (decide) to apply for the one that reflected my interest. 答案decided句意:当最后决定课程的时候到了,我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。空格处在句中

6、作谓语,且表示过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时态。9.It was really (annoy); I couldn't get access to the data bank you had recommended to me. 答案annoying句意:真令人烦恼,我无法访问你推荐给我的数据库。空格处在句中作表语,结合空前的It可知,空格处填annoying。10.Nick's guests, had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they c

7、ould.  答案who分析句子结构可知,两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句,先行词“guests”指人,且在从句中作主语,因此应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故空格处填who。11.Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers (sudden) became friendly to one another.  答案suddenly空格处在句中作状语,因此空格处应用提示词的副词形式。故空格处填suddenly。12.To warm (he),

8、 the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other. 答案himself句意:为了给自己取暖,那位海员坐在火炉前,光着的双脚相互摩擦着。空格处在句中作宾语,结合主语和语境可知,空格处填反身代词himself。13.September 30 is the day by you must pay your bill. 答案which句意:9月30日是你必须付账单的日期。the day是先行词,关系词在从句中作介词by的宾语,故应用关系代词which。14.The witness

9、es (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 答案questioned句意:警察刚才询问的目击者对于打斗的描述出入很大。空格处在句中作名词的后置定语,且表示被动完成,故空格处填过去分词questioned。15.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed (go) into the sports club. 答案to go句意:因为杰克把会员卡落在家里了,所以体育俱乐部不

10、允许他进入。空格处在句中作补足语,此处实际上是“allow sb. to do sth.”的被动形式,即“sb. be allowed to do sth.”,故空格处填不定式to go。16.I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach (I)how to use the computer. 答案me句意:如果你教我如何使用电脑我将感激不尽。空格处在句中作宾语,结合语境可知,空格处填提示词的宾格形式。故填me。17.I made a promise to myself this year, my first year in hig

11、h school, would be different. 答案that句意:我向自己承诺,今年,我在高中的第一年,将会有所不同。myself之后为同位语从句,从句中不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,故空格处填that。18.You can borrow my car as long as you promise not (drive) too fast. 答案to drive句意:只要你保证不开得太快,你就可以借我的车。动词promise之后应该接动词不定式to drive作宾语。.单句改错1.Nowadays, cycled, along with jogging and s

12、wimming, is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.  答案cycledcycling句意:现在骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。前两个逗号之间的单词在句中作主语,故cycled改为动名词形式。2.Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remain an essential skill for our survival.  答案remainremains动名词短语“Determining whe

13、re we are in relation to our surroundings”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故remain改为remains。3.A sudden stop can be a very frightened experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.  答案frightenedfrightening句意:突然停止可能是一次可怕的经历,尤其是当你高速行进的时候。此处应用现在分词作定语,修饰名词experience。4.Mary was silence during the early pa

14、rt of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the subject.  答案silencesilent句意:玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的,但是最后她说出了自己对这个话题的观点。was之后应该使用silent作表语。5.Studies have shown that the right and left ear process sound different.  答案differentdifferently句意:研究表明,左右耳处理声音的方式是截然不同的。句尾的词在句中作状语,用于修饰动词

15、process,故different改为differently。6.Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.  答案KnowKnowingwill之前的内容在句中作主语,故此处应用动名词。7.Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily.  答案happilyhappy系动词feel后应用形容词作表语,因此happily使用错误,happily改为happy。8.When Peter speaks i

16、n public, he always has trouble think of the right things to say.  答案thinkthinking此处为固定短语“have trouble (in) doing sth.”,意为“做某事有困难”,故think改为thinking。9.Before driving into the city, you are required get your car washed.  答案requiredto根据“be required to do sth.”可知,get之前应该添加不定式符号to。10.I noticed

17、that the carriage was noise and filled with people.  答案noisenoisywas之后应用形容词作表语,结合语境可知,名词noise应改为形容词 noisy。11.I also shared many photos taking in Beijing with my friends.  答案takingtaken名词photos之后为非谓语动词作后置定语,且表示被动完成,故taking改为taken。12.After waiting for half an hour, I was beginning to get imp

18、atiently.  答案impatientlyimpatientget之后应该接形容词impatient作表语。13.He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory.  答案properlyproper在名词breakfast之前应用形容词proper作定语。14.When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city; I think I would be happy there.  答案thinkthou

19、ght根据语境可知,think使用错误,此处应用一般过去时态,故think改为thought。15.There, Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times.  答案whowhom第二个逗号之后为非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,关系词作介词of的宾语,故who使用错误,应改为whom。专题一句子成分教师备用题库单句填空The hospital has recently obtained new (medicine) equipment, allowi

20、ng more patients to be treated. 答案medical空格处在句中作名词equipment的定语,结合语境可知,空格处填形容词medical。单句改错1.A company where profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.  答案wherewhose分析句子结构可知,where profits from home markets are declining为定语从句,关系词在从句中作名词profits的定语,故where改为whose。2.So

21、 if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.  答案theywhat在题干中“they had said”为主语从句,从句缺少成分,引导词在从句中作said的宾语,故在they之前添加what。专题一句子成分综合演练.写出画线部分句子成分的名称1.Recycling is one way to protect the environment. : 答案:主语:定语2.Word came that our team had won the tough match.

22、60;: 答案:主语:谓语:同位语3.I am writing to invite you to join our team to prepare for it.  : 答案:谓语:状语4.In the meanwhile, parents  are giving  their children too much protection . : : 答案:状语:主语:谓语:宾语5.That is because he is always helping others out when they are in 

23、; trouble.: 答案:表语:状语6.Susan made it clear that she wished to make a new life for  herself.: : 答案:主语:谓语:宾语补足语:宾语7. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking. : 答案:独立成分:宾语.语法填空(2018山东济宁一模)Around three in five people in the UK will find1necessary to care for an elderly

24、 or a disabled loved one at some point. This can be made much2(easy)by bearing in mind a few simple principles and pieces of advice. 3(care)for an elderly loved one, most likely a parent,is never easy. It can cause great pain emotionally and4(physical)and the financial challenges can sometimes

25、seem difficult to deal with,too. Often one of the hardest things is striking a balance between your parents' desire5(feel)independent and the need to ensure that they are safe and their health needs are being attended to. Sometimes this can create tensions and6(argue),only adding to the str

26、ess of an already difficult situation. It is important here to make them feel that they are being listened to and7you only have their best interests at heart. The same applies8financial issues. In order to cover the costs of their parents' careincluding bills and medicinemany people will in

27、vestigate options such as selling the family home. The most important thing here is communicationit is vital to make sure that everyone involved,including other brothers and sisters,9(be)aware of what's being proposed and cooperates to find a solution10satisfies everybody. 1.2.3.4.5. 6

28、.7.8.9.10. 答案语篇解读本文介绍了在照顾年迈的亲人时应该注意的事项。1.it句意:大约有五分之三的英国人都认为有必要在某种情况下照顾年迈的或有残疾的亲人。本题考查代词。设空处用it作形式宾语,to care for an elderly or a disabled loved one at some point为真正的宾语。2.easier句意:通过牢记几个简单的原则和建议就可以使这件事变得更加容易。根据设空处前的much可知设空处用形容词比较级形式。修饰形容词比较级的副词有much, rather, even等。3.Caring句意:照顾年迈的亲人,最可能是自己的父亲或母

29、亲,从来就不容易。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。设空处泛指某种行为而非具体某一次的行为,故填动名词形式Caring。4.physically句意:那可能会给人们的身心造成很大的痛苦,并且经济挑战有时也可能很难处理。根据设空处前的emotionally可推知设空处需用副词与emotionally并列作状语。5.to feel本题考查非谓语动词作定语。名词desire后需用不定式作定语,故填to feel。6.arguments句意:有时这可能会造成紧张和争执,。argument(争执)为可数名词,根据设空处前的tensions(复数形式)可推知设空处需填名词复数形式,故填arguments。7.th

30、at句意:让他们感到他们在被倾听并且你把他们的最大利益一直挂在心上是很重要的。“7you only have their best interests at heart”和“that they are being listened to”并列作feel的宾语;设空处所在的宾语从句不缺任何成分,故用that引导,且不能省略。 8.to本题考查动词短语。apply to为固定短语,意为“适用于”。9.is本题考查主谓一致。设空处为谓语,主语是everyone,属于单数第三人称,故填is。10.that/which本题考查定语从句。先行词为a solution,将先行词代入定语从句后可知关

31、系词在定语从句中作主语,且指“物”,故填that或which。专题二长难句突破模拟闯关分析下面的长难句并写出每句的译文1.(2018课标全国卷)When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”.本句为。句中非谓语动词combined作。 【译文】  答案简单句状语【译文】当与浆果或者其他的水果片混合在一起时,冷冻的香蕉就会成为一种极

32、好的用来制作浓浓的冷果昔和低脂“冰激凌”的基本材料。2.(2018课标全国卷)The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.本句为。句中Save Money: Good Food为,which引导,在从句中作;how

33、to get value from the vast range of health products on the market作介词on的。 【译文】  答案主从复合句同位语定语从句主语宾语【译文】由八部分组成的系列节目Save Money: Good Food 跟随ITV的节目Save Money: Good Health的足迹,给观众提供了关于如何从市场上各种各样的健康产品中获得价值的建议。3.(2018课标全国卷)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on

34、 how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.本句为。句中In order to引导的不定式短语作,how引导。 【译文】  答案主从复合句(目的)状语宾语从句【译文】为了通过这门课程,在其他标准之中,我们还要写一篇论文来说明我们计划如何把将会在课堂上学到的东西运用到我们将来所从事的职业之中,并最终运用到我们的生活中。4.Currently, most ingredients must be changed

35、to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.本句为。在第一个分句中before引导;第二个分句中because引导。 【译文】  答案并列复合句时间状语从句原因状语从句【译文】现在,在打印机使用原料前,绝大部分原料必须变成糊状物。而且打印的过程非常耗费时间,因为原料以非常复杂的方式相互作用。5.(2

36、018课标全国卷)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.本句为。and前的第一个分句是,with短语作修饰people;第二个分句中when引导,as引导。 【译文】  答案并列复合句简单句定语时间状语从句比较状语从句【译文】这个

37、城市里挤满了失望的人群,他们对定居下来没有一点兴趣。当他们听说在阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿后,他们就像当初来到这里一样快速地离开了道森城。6.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to

38、 the constant demands of social media”.本句为。句中warned后的内容为that引导的,worried about.和anxious about.作,对从句中主语的状态予以说明,they follow on platforms为,as a result of和due to引导的介词短语作。 【译文】  答案主从复合句宾语从句状语定语状语【译文】Miss Longfield提醒说这一代孩子的成长是有风险的,因为他们在社交平台上追求的不切实际的生活方式,他们很担心自己的形象,而且由于社交媒体的不断需求,他们越来越担心不被注意。专题三名词、

39、冠词、代词和数词基础巩固.单句填空1.(2017课标全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side(effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 答案effects考查名词复数。这种趋势有些非计划的副作用,如超重和心脏病

40、。side effect表示“副作用”,为可数名词,根据such as overweight and heart disease可知,副作用有多种,故填复数形式。 2.(2016课标全国卷)Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 答案studies考查名词复数。根据主句中的谓语动词show可知主语应该用复数形式,故填studies。3.The (possible) that there is life on other planets

41、in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.  答案possibility考查名词。句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命的可能性一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。设空处在句中作主语,故填名词possibility。4.(2018福建厦门期末质检)The 17th-century philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon declared that nothing had changed the world more deeply than thr

42、ee great (invention):gunpowder, printing and the compass.  答案inventions句意:17世纪的哲学家兼政治家弗朗西斯·培根宣称:任何东西都不如火药、印刷术和指南针这三项伟大的发明对世界造成的变化大。根据设空处前的three可知设空处填名词的复数形式。5.(2018四川成都龙泉中学高三二诊)If you examine the language attentively, you can learn to appreciate different English writing(style). 答案sty

43、les句意:如果你认真地研究这门语言,你就能学会欣赏不同的英语写作方式。根据形容词different可判断此处使用名词的复数形式。6.It's an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do. 答案both句意:这是二者择其一的局面我们今年可以买一辆新车,或者可以去度假,但是不能二者兼顾。both用于否定句表示部分否定,意为“并非两者都”。7.In general,third-culture kids benefit from(th

44、ey)intercultural experiences and they often reach excellent academic results.  答案their句意:一般而言,第三文化的孩子受益于他们的跨文化体验,他们往往会取得优异的学业成绩。设空处作intercultural experiences的定语,故填形容词性物主代词their。8.(2018河南中原名校五次联考)After teaching (she)to surf with one arm, in 2004, she entered a major competition and won the ESPY

45、Award.  答案herself句意:她自学独臂冲浪之后,在2004年,她参加了一项大型比赛并获得了年度卓越体育表现奖。设空处作宾语且与主语为同一人,故用反身代词。teach oneself为固定短语,意为“自学”。9.(2018河北五个一联盟二次联考)As you know, science playsvery important role in our education.  答案a句意:正如你所知,科学在我们的教育中起着非常重要的作用。设空处后的名词role在本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词;紧挨着设空处的very的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。 10.(2018陕西榆林

46、二中三模)The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as investigative tool. 答案an句意:因特网是一种令人惊叹的信息资源。学生、老师和研究人员都将其作为一种调查工具使用。设空处后的名词tool在本句中表示泛指,故填不定冠词;设空处后的investigative的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。11.(2018河北百校联盟联考)Table tennis is now a fast, high-tech sport and ha

47、s most players of all sports in the world. 答案the句意:乒乓球运动现在是一项速度快、高科技的运动,拥有全世界所有体育运动中最多的运动员。根据语境可知此处表示最高级,形容词最高级前需填定冠词the。 12.(2018湖北襄阳1月调研)In Australia,which has the highest number of food advertisements in children's television in the world, there areaverage of 12 food ads per hour. 答

48、案an句意:澳大利亚是世界上在儿童电视节目中插播食物广告数量最多的国家,平均每小时有12条食物广告。an average of.为固定短语,意为“平均”。13.(2018四川成都龙泉中学高三二诊)Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb(it)full benefit. 答案its句意:有时候为了吸收一本书的所有益处,(我们)有必要读不止一遍。修饰名词benefit应用形容词性物主代词。 14.I really enjoyed my stay in Xi'an;it i

49、s indeed worthsecond visit.  答案a句意:我真的喜欢待在西安。它的确是值得再次参观的。“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”。15.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? 答案it句意:如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目,而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关了,你觉得怎样?表示“喜欢、热爱、憎恨”的动词后常加it再加that、if

50、或when引导的从句。16.I'd appreciateif you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.  答案it句意:假如你提前让我知道你是否会来,我将不胜感激。考查代词。I'd appreciate it if.属于固定句式,表示“假如我将不胜感激。”17.Generally,(students) inner motivation is essential to their development.  答案students'分析题干可知,空格处在句中作定语,结合语

51、境可知,空格处应该填写提示词的所有格形式。故空格处填students'。18.At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in that magazine.  答案those句意:在我们工厂有几台机器和那本杂志里描述的那些相似。首先将题干补全为:At our factory there are a few machines similar to the machines described in that magazine.,然后考虑用those替代特指的the machines,以避免重复。.单句改错1.(2016课标全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.  答案thea考查冠词。in a