2020高考英语复习简单句与并列句

1、第二讲考什么。学什么一 明确方一备考塔时高效命题点一简单句全析考法I.单句语法填空1.（2018 全国卷川）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to findthem alive. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal_ （mean） me noreal harm.解析：meant 根据语境可知此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故填 meant。2.（2017 全国卷n）This included digging up

2、 the road,_ （lay） the track and thenbuilding a strong roof over the top.解析：laying laying 禾口句中的 digging up, building 并歹 U。3.（2016 全国卷 川Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal_（create） special designs.解析：to create 句意：熟练的工人还会把各种硬质木材和金属组合起来以创作独特的样式。根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。n.单句改错1.（2018 全国卷n

3、）When I was little, Friday night was our family game night .Still Iunwilling to play the games with them sometimes._解析：unwilling 前加 was unwilling 是形容词，它和系动词一起构成主系表”结构。此处叙述“我”小时候的事情，主语是I，所以用 was。2.（2016 四川高考）Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mothers Day. We get upearly in the morning._解析：getg

4、ot 此处描述母亲节当天的事，根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时态。谨记规则简单句就是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。基本句型一：S+ V （主+谓）释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类 动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。SV （不及物动词）I.Timeflies.2.The moonrose.3.Shesings beautifully.4.Theytalked for half an hour.5.Hewalked yesterday.特别

5、注意主语可有修饰语 一定语，谓语可有修饰语 一状语。The red sun risesin the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。基本句型二：S+ V + O （主+谓+宾）释义： 此句型的句子有一个共同特点， 谓语动词都具有实义， 都是主语产生的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。SV （及物动词）O （宾语）1.Whoknowsthe answer?2.Shelaughs ather.3.Theyatesome apples.4.Dannylikesswimming.5wantto have a cup of tea.基本句型三：S+ V +

6、10 + DO （主+谓+间宾+直宾）释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意 思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。SV （及物）IO （多指人）DO （多指物）1.Shepassedhima new dress.2.Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal.3showedhimmy pictures.4toldhimhow to run the machine.5.Heshowedmethe bus over there.基本句型四：S+ V + 0 + C （主+谓+宾+宾补）释义：此句型的句子有

7、一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不 能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。SV （及物）O （宾语）C （宾补）1.Wekeepthe tableclean.2.Whatmakeshimsad?3.Wesawhimout.4.Heaskedmeto come back soon.5sawthemgetting on the bus.基本句型五：S+ V + P (主+系+表) )释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。SLinking- V （系

8、动词）P 俵语) )1.Thisisan English dictionary.2.The dinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellhappy.4.The bookisinteresting.5.The weatherbecamewarmer.知识拓展6 类系动词(1) 状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be (am, is, are, was, were) 一词。(2) 持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay,lie, stand。(3) 表象系动词，用来表示看起来像”这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look。(4

9、) 感官系动词，主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste(5) 变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。(6)终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out。命题点二并列句全析考法I.单句语法填空1. （2016 四川高考）It was time for her to have a new baby,_it was also time forthe young panda to be independent.解析：and 根据语境可知，It was time for .和“

10、t was also time for”之间是并列关系，故用 and 连接。2. （2015 广东高考 ）One day, the cow was eating grass_it began to rain heavily.解析：when be doing sth.when正在做某事，这时突然 . ”。3. （2014 全国卷I）But the river wasnt changed in a few days_ even a fewmonths.解析：or a few days 和 a few months 之间为并列关系，且此句为否定句，因此要 用 or 连接。4. （2014 东高考）W

11、e were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,for the week after.解析：but not .but .为固定结构，表示不是.而是.”。n.单句改错1. （2018 全国卷I）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return everytwo years, but he agreed._解析：but and 根据语境可知，此处表示顺承关系，用并列连词and。2. （2018 全国卷 川）Everyone was silent

12、, waiting to see who would be called upon to readhis and her paragraph aloud._解析：and or 此处表示他的或者她的”段落，应该属于一种选择关系，而不是并 列关系。3. （2017 全国卷I）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructorsorders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank._解析：sobut/yet 此处表示“我认为我已经明白了教练的指令，但是车一启动，脑

13、子一片空白”。根据语境可知，前后分句之间不是因果关系而是转折关系。4. （2017 全国卷 川）1 have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past fewyears._解析：and but not only .but also .是固定短语，意为“不但.而且.”，连接并列成分。5. （2016 全国卷I）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil areused for cooking._解析：oriand 根据语境可知，新鲜的蔬菜

14、与高品质的油二者之间为并列关系而非选 择关系。6. （2016 全国卷n）We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stayat home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money._解析：butTand 第二句句意：我们如果待在家里，会感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，comfortable与 no need to spend money之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系。谨记规则并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单

15、句常由 并列连词（短语）连在一起。并列连词用法例句and, not only . but（also） ., both .and . 等表并列、顺承或递进关 系There the air is clean and the mountains aregreen.那里空气清新，千山一碧。but, yet, whereas等表转折关系The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasntdiscouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有 沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。or, e

16、ither . or .,not . but .等表选择关系Either you must improve your work or I shalldismiss you 要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。for, so表因果关系。for 连接的分句一般不能放在句首The leaves of the trees are falling, for its alreadyautumn.树叶在坠落，因为秋天已经到 了。and, or表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句+and/or +陈述句”中You have to move out of the way or the truckcannot get

17、 past you.你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.我爱喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。特别注意when 可用作并列连词，相当于and at this /that time，意为 正在这/那时；突然”，常用于下歹 U 句式： sb. be about to do/going to do/ on the point of doing sth. when .（某人正要做某事，突然.）；sb. be doing sth. when .保人正在做某事，

18、突然.）；sb. hadjust done sth. when .（某人刚做完某事，突然 .）。He was about to go out when the telephone rang.他正要出去时，电话铃响了。He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇 报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。么考。怎么解一 掌握R套路一解题有径可寻语法填空解题“2 策略”1. 分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构（1）完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词；（2）若两个句子（两个主

19、谓结构）之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。2. 注意固定句式中的连词据第 1 条解题1.“ I didnt think of applying for Cambridge I didnt think Cambridge University wouldtake someone like me, but my tutor encouraged me to apply , ” Mr. Edwards said in a statement.2.At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can b

20、e good friendswith one another.3.The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school life. 据第2 条解题4.Smile at life, and it will shine on you.5.We were walking side-by-side when suddenly we both sank to knee depth in the mud.6.Follow your doctors advice, or your cough w

21、ill get worse.短文改错解题 “ 3 视角”1.根据句意、前后的逻辑关系去判断连词是否正确。2.根据短语搭配和固定句式判断连词。3.注意排查中式英语，如将although/though和but, because和so连用。遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的but, so,以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。据第 1 条解题1.I waited patiently for some time, so nobody came for it.so but2.As a result, he won the game but finally became famous throughou

22、t the country._but and3.My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up.or and4.They give us lots of love and care, and we only care a little for them.第二个 and but/while5.Besides its common that the young or middle- aged sit on the bus when the elderly haveto stand. when while6.Faced with

23、pressure, and we should learn to turn it into our motive power.去掉 and 据第 2条解题7.Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that cant be learnt immediately, but neverbe frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.but and8.My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into the river.

24、while when9.Due to some rich tourist attractions, every year many visitors come to my hometown,where they can not only appreciate the beautiful scenery, and also enjoy the delicious food.and but10. I was about to be off duty then three foreigners came in.thenwhen据第 3 条解题11. Though not very big, but

25、the restaurant is popular in our area. 去掉 but12. Because life is beautiful so we should fully enjoy it.去掉 so语篇综合检测I.语法填空The worlds first robot police officer started work this week, _1_ is part of the DubaiPolice force. _2_ (it) name is“ RoboCop”oboCops first official job was to greet guestsat a sec

26、urity conference.Apart from 3 (greet) visitors, it also answered questions and4 (give) directions.RoboCop has a built- in tablet for people to interact with, pay traffic fines anduse other police services.The tablet is linked to a police station, _5_ people can talk to realpolice officers.The 170- c

27、entimetre-tall RoboCop can speak six languagest can also shake hands,salute (向. 致意)people and recognize peoples emotions and facial_6_ (expression).RoboCop is the first _7_ many robot police officers for Dubai.25 percent of the Dubai Policeforce will be robots by 2030 and Dubai will have the first s

28、mart police station. _8_(final) no humans will work there. A spokesman said,“ TheRoboCop is the latest smartaddition to the police force and _9_ (design) to help us fight crime, keep the city safe andimprove _10_ (happy) levels. ” An official at the security conference commented that the futureis he

29、re now, saying,“ The age of the robots is no longer comingt has arrived.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪拜的机器人警察，这些机器人警察对人们有 很大帮助，这也意味着机器人时代已经来临。1. which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为 The worlds first robot police officer，从句缺少主语，且后文用it 来指代机器人警察，故先行词为物，所以填whicho2.Its 考查代词。空格后面是名词，所以此处要用形容词性物主代词its 作定语，注意单词位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Itso3.greeting 考查非谓语动词。Apart from 为介词短语，其后接动词时需用动名词形 式。4.gave 考查动词的时态。此处为 and 连接两个并列的谓语动词。空处应与 answered保持一致，也应用一般过去时。故填gave。5. so 考查并列句。空前与空后两分句之间是因果关系，所以填S66.expressions 考查名词复数。peoples 后跟名词，且此处与emotions 并列，故用名词的复数形式。