定语从句重点难点解析

1、定语从句重点难点解析I. 主语和谓语一致1、关系代词在定语从句中主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。例如：The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2、在 “one of the + 复数名词 +定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓 语动词用复数形式。例如：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3、在“ the only one of the + 复数名词 +定语从句”结构中， one 是先行词，关系代词在定

2、语从句中作主语， 其谓语动词用单数。例如：This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.I I .关系代词的省略 在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时在口语中可以省略。在非限制 性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。例如：A plane is a machine that can fly.The finger （that ）I put into my mouth was not the one （that）I had dipped into the cup

3、.Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865.His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.III. 正确使用 that 和 which1、that 指物，有时也可以指人 ,which 指物，不能指人。 Which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在 介词后面， that 则不能。 例如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper?（正）Who is the man

4、 which is reading the newspaper?（误）The room in which she lives is a large one.（正）The room in that she lives is a large one.（误）2、 先行词前面有形容词最高级，序数词, next, last, very, any, little, no 等修饰时，用 that 不用 which 引导定 语从句。例如：This is the best film that I have seen. （正）This is the best film which I have seen. （误）

5、3、先行词是 all, much, little, none 等时，用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句。例如：That'sall that I want to say. （正）That'sall which want to say. （误）4、先行词是不定代词 something, anything, anything, everything 时，一般用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句。 例如：Is there anything that you want in this shop? （正）Is there anything which you want

6、 in this shop? （误）5、 先行词是人和物时，要用that 而不用 which/who 引导定语从句。例如：He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （正）He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all. （误）6、先行词本身是 that 时，一般用 which 引导定语从句。例如：The predicate is that which is said of the subject.7、 在w

7、ho开头的疑问句中，若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时，用that引导定语从句。例如：Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?8、 当关系词后面有插入语时用which 引导定语从句。例如：Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.IV. 定语从句要用关系词引导。 例如：I have three friends, none of whom can speak French.（正）I have three fr

8、iends, none of them can speak French.（误） 注：若把逗号“， ”改为分号“； ”误句也就变为正确的句子了。V. 先行词受such, the same修饰时，通常用as引导定语从句。 例如：This is not such a book as I want.This is the same book as I want.试比较：the same - as 与 the same thatThis is the same knife as I lost.This is the same knife that I lost.VI. as和which指整个主句的内容

9、，弓I导非限制性定语从句的区别。as和which指整个主句的内容，弓I导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末； which 引导的定于从句一般只位于句末。as引导的定语从句常与 know, see, report, say, expect,announce等动词连用；which引导的这类定语从句时常作实意动词的主语，当它引导的从句与主句之间含 有结果关系时，一般用which。例如：As we all know, China is a country with a long history.China is a country with a long hist

10、ory, as is known to us all.Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother very angry.VII. 用关系代词还是关系副词先行词是表时时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词，关键在于关系词在 从句中充当的成分。如果充当状语，就用关系副词引导定与从句；如果充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。 例如：This is the schoolMr. Cheng works.This is the schoolMr. Cheng set up ten years ago.I will never forg

11、et the dayI joined the Party.I will never forget the dayI spent with Mr Isaak.That was the reasonhe gave me yesterday.That was the reasonhe gave me a note yesterday.注：1关系副词一般可以改为“介词 +which ”。例如：The reason why/for which I didn ' t come this morning is that it rained hard.October, 1st 1949 was the

12、 daythe Peoples Republic of China was founded.This was the cityhe was taken away by the enemy.强调句重难点解析一。 考纲要求按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调。二。 命题导向近年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用。三。复习要点1. 使用助动词do, does和did对谓语动词进行强调。例如：First impressions really do count。Lucy does look nice in that new dress。2.

13、运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其它句子成分。它的基本句型结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。可用用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意 以下几个方面：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词 都要用单数形式It is/was同时,that从句中的谓语动词也要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 例如：It is my parents that/who often(help) me get out of trouble 。It is not I that

14、/who(be)to blame for it 。2. 当对地点状语、时间状语或状语从句进行强调时，只能要用连接词that，而不能用when, where, why或how等。例如：It was on August 8, 2008 that 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing 。It was in the park that I met an old friend of mine 。It is by bus that my father usually goes to work 。3. 强调句型的疑问式在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什

15、么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was+被强调部分that+其它成分"改为“Is/was i+被强调部分+ that +其它成分？或 疑问词+is/was it that +其它 成分？结构。例如：Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?When was it that she changed her mind?4. 在对notuntil结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移置until之前，构成：It is/was not untilt

16、h固定句型。注意that从句的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。例如：I didn ' t realize she was a famous film star unElhle took off her dark glassest Not un tilt It was四. 注意事项1. 如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。例如： Mary took his umbrella by mistake.Tomorrow we ' ll leave for HongKong.He asked me。（究竟是谁拿错了他的伞

17、）I wonder。（究竟何时我们去香港）2. 强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was保持一致。例如：It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about it, isn ' ?itIt was his coming that made you all very happy, wasn' t ?t3. 强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构强调句型语定语从句。

18、例如：Where did you get to know her?It was on the farmwe worked.4. 强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was和连词“that原句仍然成立。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“itis/was和连词“ when/before，原句不能成立。It was at 14:28 that the terrible earthquake broke out. （）It was 14:28 when the terrible earthquake broke out. （）五. 精典名题导解1. （2008 江西）I

19、t was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes 。A. the residents would be permittedB. had the residents been permittedC. would be residents be permittedD. the residents had been permitted2. （2008 全国 II） It was in New ZealandElizabeth first met Mr. Smith 。A. howB

20、. thatC. whichD. when3. （2008 重庆）It was not until midnightthey reached the camp site 。A. whileB. whenC .thatD. as4. （成都市毕业班第一次诊断性检测 ）It is exactly the waywe speakmakes our teacherangry. We should be more polite next time。A. that;whatB. what; thatC. how; whatD. that; that5. （石家庄市毕业班教学质量检测）一Mr. Barton

21、 changed his mind to take part in themovement?After he listened to the speech by Mr. King 。A. When was that itB. When was it thatC. When was that6. （河北省保定市高三调研考试）一Did you arrive here this morning?Yes, It was at nine o _ cloake came here。A.beforeB.whenC.whichD. When was itD.that2009、20XX年高考英语试题分类汇编一一

22、定语从句right before I left for Beiji ng.A. howB. whom（09 安徽）2. Many children good care of in the village.A. their（09北京）B. whoseC. whe nD. whichparents are away working in big cities , are takenC. of them3. What do you think of teacher ,Bob ?D. with whomI find itfun and challenging. It is a job youare d

23、oing something serious butin teresti ng .A. where（09福建）B. whichC. whe n4. It ' helpful to put children in a situationD. thatthey can see themselvesdiffere ntly.A. that（09湖南）B. whe nC. which5. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.D. wherea cityname will create a（09 安徽） 1. A good friend of mine fr

24、om I was born showed up at my homeA. which（09江西）D. whosehas bee n take n dow n and replaced by an officebuildi ng.A. i n it（09海南）B. inC. in that7. She brought with her three friends,D. i n which none ofI had ever metpicture of beautiful trees and gree n grass in our mind.B. of whichC. that6. The hou

25、se I grew upbefore.A. them（09山东）B. whoC. whom8. Whe never I met her,D. thesewas fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. whoB. whichC. whe nD. that（09 陕西） 9. Gun con trol is a subject America ns have argued for a long time.A. of whichB. with whichC. about whichD. into which（09 四川） 10. She

26、' ll never forget her stay thereshe found her son who had gone miss ing two years before.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. whe n（09 天津）11. A persone- mail account is full won ' t be able to send or receive anye-mails.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever（09 天津） 12 I travel to the Bin hai New Area by light

27、 railway every day,do many bus in essme n who live in dow ntow n Tianj in.A. asB. whichC. whe nD. though（09 浙江）13. I have reached a point in my lifeI am supposed to make decisions ofmy own.A. whichB. whereC. howD. why（09 重庆）14. Life is like a long racewe compete with others to go bey ond ourselves.A

28、. whyB. whatC. thatD. where（09 全国 2 ） 15. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it（10 福建）24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is uniikely to be the only planet lifehas developed gradually.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose（10 湖南）28. I've become good f

29、riends with several of the students in my school I metin the En glish speech con test last year.A. whoB. whereC. whe nD. which（10 江西） 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister she would stay for an hour.A whereB whoC whichD what（10 山东）24. That ' s the new

30、machineparts are too small to be seen.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. What38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which（10 天津）8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barber ' s I go. It

31、' s only 15.A. asB. whichC. whereD. that（10 四川）10. After graduating from college , I took some time off to go travelling , turned out to be a wise decision .A . thatB. whichC. whenD. where（10 全国I） 24. As a child, Jack studied in a village school,is n amed after his gran dfather.A. whichB. whereC

32、. whatD. that（10 江苏）32. The n ewly built caf the walls of are pain ted light gree n, is really apeaceful place for us, specially after hard work.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which（10 陕西）11. The old templeroof was damaged in storm is now under repair.A. whereB. whichC. itsD. whose（10 全国n） 16. I refuse to ac

33、cept the blame for somethi ngwas some one else 'fault.A. whoB. thatC. asD. what（10湖北）77. My mother was so proud of all （我所做的）that she rewarded mewith a trip to Beijing. （do）80.（正如我们强调的那样 ）many times, “ servdhe people ” our firstpolicy. （stress）（10 北京）27. Children who are not active or diet is hi

34、gh in fat will gain weight quickly.A. whatB. whoseC. whichD. that（10 重庆）28. In china, the number of cities is increasingdevelopment is recognizedacross the world. A. where B. whichC. whoseD. that20XX年高考英语试题分类汇编一一it的用法（10 全国 n） 14.The doctor thoughtwould be good for you to have a holiday.A. thisB. th

35、atC. oneD. it（10 辽宁）33.The fact that she was foreign madedifficult for her to get a job in that countryA soB. muchC. that D. it书面表达一参考范文With a heavy work load, almost all teenagers look forward to having happy holidays from school, during which they don 't have to get up early and attend classes regularly. However, in most cases, they only stay home, sitting long hours in front of the TV or the computer screen, which not only does harm to their eyesight and health but also makes them too lazy to go out.From my point