【语法课件】最新高考英语动词时态语态复习课件(1)

1、English Basic Tenses (时态时态)他昨天他昨天来来了了. 他已经他已经来来了了.他明天他明天来来.汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过谓语动词时态谓语动词时态变化变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.一般过去时一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense )一般现在时一般现在时 ( The Simple Present tense 一般将来时一

2、般将来时( The Simple Future Tense )现在进行时现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)过去进行时过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)现在完成时现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense) 过去完成时过去完成时 (The Past Perfect Tense)过去将来时过去将来时(The Simple Past Future Tense)How did you spend your childhood?(3 sentences or more,使用实意动使用实意动词和系动词词和系动词, 注意动

3、词形式变化注意动词形式变化)Example: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. spentplayed didntwere1 一般过去时一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense )1.结构结构: 谓动用动词过去式谓动用动词过去式2.用法用法:

4、在在过去时间里所发生过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的的动作或存在的状态。状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如如 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。等。How is your daily life as a high school student?(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化)二二. 一般现在时一般现在时 ( The Present Indefinite )1.结构结构:主语为主语为第三人称单数第三人称单数,谓动要变化谓

5、动要变化,其其余人称用原形余人称用原形. I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.2. 用法用法:1) 经常性或习惯性经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如间状语连用，如often/ usually, every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。2)表示不受时间限制的表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理科学事实或客观真理。The earth moves around the sun.3

6、) 表示已表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态, 一般用于一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时等动词中，常与时间状语连用如：间状语连用如：The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.Dad said to me, “I will buy a computer for you if you can pass the exam.” Dad told me (that) he _ (buy) a computer for me if I c

7、ould pass the exam.would buy.过去将来时过去将来时(The past future simple Tense)1. 用法用法: 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句常用于宾语从句中中.2.结构结构: 1)Should / would+动词原形动词原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.2).其他形式其他形式 was (were) going to wa

8、s (were) to +动词原形动词原形 was (were) about to犹如 pictureHow will you spend your Spring Festival holiday?I willIm going to三三. 一般将来时一般将来时( The Simple Future Tense )1. will / be going to do2. be +to do，按，按计划或正式安排计划或正式安排将发生的事。将发生的事。We are to have an exam this week.3. be about to do, 表示表示马上做某事马上做某事, 不能与明确不能与明

9、确表示将来的时间状语连用表示将来的时间状语连用.He is about to leave for Beijing.What are they doing now?They are having a class.四四. 现在进行时现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)2. 用法：用法：1) 表示表示现在现在( 指说话时指说话时)正在发生正在发生的事情。的事情。We are having English class now.2) 表示表示目前这段时间内目前这段时间内正在进行的动作正在进行的动作,但说但说话时动作未必正在进行。话时动作未必正在进行。She is lea

10、rning piano under Mr. Smith.1.结构结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing3) 现在进行时用来表示现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于表示多用于表示移动移动的动词的动词,如如: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay.I m leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?On August 8, 2008, the 29th Olimpic Games was opening in Beijing.What were you d

11、oing on that day?五五. 过去进行时过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)1. 结构：结构：was/ were + doing2. 用法用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。作或状态。常用的时间状语常用的时间状语at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileEnglish, boring or funny?Q1: How old were you when you first started learning English?Q2:

12、How long have you learnt English?A: We have learnt English for many years since we were 6 years old.六六. 现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense) 1. 结构结构: have (has) +过去分词过去分词2.用法用法: 1). 现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词通常用于延续性动词. 常常与表示延续性的时间状语连用与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如如:so fa

13、r, up to now, recently, in the past 6 years, since,for 等等等等 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.2).表示发生在过去的某一动作表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响对现在造成的影响或结果或结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet,ever, never, once等等等等.We have finished our lunch already.Have you ever tried this method?比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1)

14、. 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态在的状态, 不涉及对现在的影响不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到一直延续到现在现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。 My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago. （现在不在了（现在不在了) My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years. (目前还在珠海目前还在珠海) 2). 过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体

15、的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语的时间状语连用，或无时间状语. I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.(2000年表示具体的过去时间）年表示具体的过去时间）I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000. (since 2000表示从表示从2000年至今年至今,包包括现在在内括现在在内)I have just bought an apartment. (just表示不表示不确定的时间状语）确定的时

16、间状语）注意：注意：非延续性动词的非延续性动词的否定形式否定形式可以与表示延续时间可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。的。I have received his letter for a month. （错）（错） I havent received his letter for almost a month. （对）（对）比较比较since和和for since +时间点时间点, 用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间 for+ 时间段时间段, 用来说明动作延续时间长度。用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived h

17、ere for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.七七.过去完成时过去完成时 (The past perfect Tense)1. 结构结构: had + 过去分词过去分词2. 概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去之前过去之前 过去现在将来过去现在将来 You graduated (毕业毕业) from Junior Middle School in July 2009. You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.When the

18、 police arrived, the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. had run awayhad begunExercises1. I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get)2. Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door.3. I _ (be) in Beijing for two

19、 years.4. How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet?5. He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading6. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer.8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day.9. _ the

20、 story _ (happen) in London in 1949?10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould Did happenwasdoing11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow.14. Tom _ (work) there since

21、 two years ago.15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay Jenny Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parent

22、s _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visit an empty street an empty

23、 housea hole inside heartIm all alone and the roomsare getting smallerI wonder how i wonder whyI wonder where they arethe days we hadthe songs we sang togetherand oh! my love Im holding on foreverreaching for a lovethat seems so farso i say a litter prayerno my dream will take me therewhere the skie

24、s are blue to see youonce again my loveOne good turn deserves another I _ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony _ (work) in a lawyers office years ago, but he _ (work) at a bank now. He _ (get) a good salary, but he always _ (borrow) money from his friends and never _ (pay) it

25、 back. Tony _ (see) me and _ (come) and _ (sit) at the same table. He _ never _ (borrow) money from me. While he _ (eat), I _ (ask) him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he _ (give) me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Tony said, so now you can pay for my dinne

26、r! was havingworkedis workingaskedsawcamehassatgavewas eatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed动词的语态动词的语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态； 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。We watched a film last night.I drink milk everyday.A film _. Milk _. Summary (总结总结): is / was +done (p.p)was wat

27、ched by us last nightis drunk by me everydayWill/ would be done新电脑下周将投入使用。新电脑下周将投入使用。The new computers will be used next week.妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.am/ is /are being donewas/ were being done中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。The National

28、 Opera Building is being built at present. has/ have been donehad been done这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。The problem has been well solved.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night. 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态比较：比较： rise是不及物动词；是不及物动词；ra

29、ise是及物动词。是及物动词。 The price has been risen.The price has risen. The price has raised. The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对) 要想正确地使用被动语要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。的动词往往有

30、两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。习过程中多留意积累。一般现在时一般现在时: be( am/are/is) + p.p.( 过去分词过去分词)一般过去时一般过去时: be(was/ were) + p.p.一般将来时一般将来时: will be + p.p.过去将来时过去将来时: would be + p.p.现在进行时现在进行时: be( am/are/is)+ being+ p.p.过去进行时过去进行时:be(was/ were )+ being+ p.p.现在完成时现在完成时: have/ has+ been + p.p.过去完成时过去完成时:had

31、+ been + p.p.高中英语教学大纳中要求掌握的只有八种：高中英语教学大纳中要求掌握的只有八种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。过去完成时，过去将来时。另外现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时和另外现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常用。将来完成时也比较常用。动词时态和语态动词时态和语态 时态 主动 被动 一般现在时一般现在时 do be( am/are/is) + done 一般过去时一般过去时 did be(was/ were) + done

32、 一般将来时一般将来时 Will do will be + done 过去将来时过去将来时 Would do would be + done 现在进行现在进行 be( am/are/is)+doing be( am/are/is)+ being+ done 过去进行时过去进行时 be(was/ were )+doing be(was/ were )+ being+ done 现在完成时现在完成时 have/ has+ been +doing have/ has+ been + done 过去完成时过去完成时 had + been +doing had + been +doneChallenge

33、 yourself!1、对於这个问题，关注很少。、对於这个问题，关注很少。Little attention was paid to this problem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。 Group discussion should be encouraged in class.3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。It is reported that a new road will be built here.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。 Measures should be taken

34、to stop the river from being polluted.动词时态的一些典型用法动词时态的一些典型用法 1. 在条件状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句中，在条件状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句中，主将从现主将从现。 The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives. Can I join your club, Dad? You can when you get a bit older. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the fac

35、tory closes. He will work wherever he is wanted. 2. 语境中的过去时，往往表示语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示之意，暗示现在已现在已“不再这样不再这样”。 Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you ! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. Nancy is not

36、coming tonight. But she promised ! 3. 用一般过去时表示过去经常发生的动作用一般过去时表示过去经常发生的动作 (也可用也可用 “used to do”或或 “would do” 代替代替)。During the vacation I often swam/ would swim in the sea. I used to smoke. 4. 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。其过去完成时表示过

37、去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had hoped to see more of ShangHai. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow. 5. 某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。俗成的。 It / This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake

38、. It is / has been two months since I gave up smoking. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. I was about to go out when the telephone rang. They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. It + be + 一段时间一段时间 + before 从

39、句从句It wont be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.)It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )高考对于进行体的常考点高考对于进行体的常考点 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt

40、himself. The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：

41、表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如： Have you moved into the new house ? Not yet. The rooms are being painted. I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. Selecting a mobile phone for a perso

42、nal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 表示计划、安排要做的事。如：表示计划、安排要做的事。如：Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况

43、情况。I dont think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space. I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. Is this raincoat yours ? No, mine is hanging there behind the door. Hey, look where you are going ! Oh, Im terribly sorry, I wasnt noticing. 主动和被动主动和被动 一、一、 get + 过去分词可以表示被动，此结