非谓语动词用法总结材料

1、非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。 但是，只要认真分析、透彻 理解、看透本质、准确把握， 就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。非谓语动词区别简表类别区别to dodoingdone含义主动被动同位或将来主动或正在进行被动或完成成分名词主 语、宾语、表 语不定式动名词主语、宾语、表语、定语表用途现在分词定过去分词作定语、状语、补语、表语多表状定语、状 语、补语语、状语、补语态否认(not ) to(not)doing(not)donedo时态一般：to一般： doing一般： donedo进仃：本身进行：无进行

2、：to完成： having完成：本身be doingdone完成：to只作状语havedone语态一般被动：一般被本身to be动:beingdonedone进行被动：进仃被动：to bebeing donebeing完成被动：donehaving完成被动：tobeen donehavedonebeen作用作目的状作时间状语、条作时间状语、语、条件状件状语、原因状条件状语、原语、原因状语、结果状语、因状语、方式语、结果状方式状语、伴随状语、伴随状语状语、让步状语语、让步状语二不定式的用法不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语,构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾 语、表语、定语 表用途、

3、状语或补足语。高考 对不定式的考查主要 有不定式的时态、语态、作 用、否认、省略、连词+不定作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作， 通常指一件 的事或目 的。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg:To say is a thing,to do is another. 说是一回事，做是另外一回事。 2 不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后， 用 it 作形式主语。eg: It is important to learn Englishwell.学好英语是重要的。 It is necessary for us to do the jobwell.我们做好这项工作是必要的。 It is a great h

4、onor to be invited to give aspeech here.被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。2. 作宾语1常只用不定式作宾语的动词有： want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promis e,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretendeg: He refused to help me. 他拒绝帮助我. She has agreed to come tomorrow. 他已同意明 天来 .2不定式较长时，作宾语，也可用 it

5、 代替，放在后 面。eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.3“特殊疑问词+不定式to do结构具有名词特征，可作宾语。eg: She didn ' t know whether to go or not. They haven ' t decided when and where to build the school.4 不定式可作介 but,except,besides 除? ? 之外的宾语，介词前有实义动词 do 的任何一种形式， 后边的不定式就无 to, 否那么必带 to 。eg: I want to do nothing

6、but play the computer games 。 I have no choice but to wait 。3. 动词不定式作表语(1 )不定式作表语放在 be 和其他系动词后， 说明主语的 容。同样，“特殊疑问词不定式 具有名词特征，也 可作表语。eg: My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing. The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well.(2) 不定式作主语时，

7、表语也必须为不定式， 结构必须 保持一致。eg:To see is to believe.(3) 如果主语局部的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实 义动词 do 的某种形式，那么作表语的不定式可 以省去 to.eg: The first thing to do is find her. The only thing he could do was tell the truth.4. 不定式作定语 不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代 词后。 eg: I have something important to tell you. (不定 His wish to an artist has never com

8、e true. 不定式与 被修饰名词构成同位关系。 He is the right man to do the job. 不定式与被修饰名 词构成主动关系。 The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends to play with. 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关 系。 注： 假设不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上 相应的介词。 5. 不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、 原因和结果，可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔 开。eg: We set off early that morning to catch the fir

9、st bus. 目 的 To get a good result,she worked very hard. 目的 I feel it an honor to be invited to the party. 条件 She was very happy to get the first prize. 原因 He worked hard only to fail. 结果注：1. 不定式常用在 so as 或 in order 后 ,与它们一起作谓语，表示目的，但 so as 引起的不定式不可置于句首。 eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homewo

10、rk.2. 不定式表目的常和 only 连用，往往表示出乎 意料的意 想不到的不愿得到的结果。eg:He hurried to the station the train only to findhad left.)3 “形容词 enough 不定式和“ too 形容词或 副词 ( 不表情感 ) 不定式 也可作结果 状语。eg: He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone.但“ too 表情感形容词( pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等)to do 表示肯定意义， t

11、oo 前面可用 only,but 等词修饰。 eg: They were (only) too anxious to leave.( 他们只是太急 于离开了。 ) She is (only) too pleased to go home.( 她非常快乐可以回家了。 6. 不定式作补语 不定式作补语表示动作的完成。宾语与 作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。1 后接动词不定式作宾补的常见动词有： want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg, request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,i nvite,order,remind,

12、permit,allow,send,call on,wouldlike/love,arrange for,depend on 等。eg: She wanted me to arrive there early. Our headmaster call on us to work hard. 2 动词不定式可作感官动词五看二听一感 觉即： see,look at,watch,observe,notice ， hear,listen to ， feel 和使让动词 let,make,have 等后面的宾补时，不定式符 号 to 要省 略，但如果句子变被动结构，必须带 to. 表示动作的完成。 eg

13、: He made them climb the hill. They were made to climb the hill.词的补足语，句型为： 一 主语系动词表语 adj 为 convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard /impossible/pleasent 等 to do. 注： to do 常用主动表 被动，其中 do 为 vt, 主语为 to do 的宾语。 二 主语 find/think/consider/believe 等 宾语 adj to do. 注：其中 to do 常用主动 表被动，其中 do 为 vt, 主 语为 to do 的

14、宾语。 eg :He is easy to fo . ol©Thewomanis hardto work with.Hefindthejobdifficult to do4“特殊疑问词+不定式 to do 具有名词特 征，可 作宾补。 谓语动词多为 show,know,teach,tell 等。 eg:I ' ll tell you how to get there7 不定式作评注性状语或插入语 不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语 , 放在句子前 面、中间或末尾。常见的有 to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin wi

15、th ， to start with,to be shorteg:To begin with,I thinkyou are wrong. 三动名词用 法动名词具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式，可作主语、宾语、表语 和定语 . 否认 形式在其前面加 not. 1 动名词作主语 动名词作主语表示抽象动作，指一件的事或 经验。eg: Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby.2常只用动名词作宾语的动词有： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考虑 dislike

16、,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine ,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,sugge st 等。eg: I can ' t imagine marrying her. She managed to escape being punished. 以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语： give up,belong to,look forwardto,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have ag

17、ood/wonderful time (in) 等。 eg: I' m looking forward to hearing from you soon. He gave up smoking three years.(3) 动名词可作表语 动名词可作表语， 一般为主语的容 表示一般性或习惯性的动作。在概念上可以和主语划等号 把主语和表语倒过来，句子的根本含义不变。eg:His hobby is painting.(4) 动名词可作定语动名词可作定语， 表示所修饰事物的功能或用途。 eg:Heoften studies in the reading room.四现在分词 现在分词具有动

18、词、形容词和副词的特征，在句 中作定语、 状语、补语和表语1 作定语 现在分词作定语， 单个 v.-ing 放在被修饰的名词 前；如 果短语作定语，那么放在所修饰词的后面。 动词 -ing 作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系，表 示动作正在同时进行或经常性发生eg:thefallingleaves :theleaveswhichare fallingtherisingsunthesun which isrisingI saw himgo into thehousefacingsouth.2作状语动词-ing或其短语作状语时，可以表示时间、 条 件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等。表示时间关系的动词

19、-ing短语可由连词 while或 when引出。eg: Hearing the news,they got excited. 时I间 Having finished his homework,she was playing on theplayground.原因 Studying hard,you are sure to get the first prize.条件 3作补语现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，宾语与作补 语的现在分词之间是主动关系。后面常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词 五看二听一 感觉 see,lookat,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen t

20、o,feel )使让动词( have,get )以及其他类动词 leave,keep,catch,set 等。表示动作正在进 行。eg: I saw them playing games on the playground yesterday. Don ' t leave him waiting outside the room.4作表语 现在分词作表语相当于形容词， 常表示主语所具 有的特征，含有主动意味。大多数使动词的现在 分词通常 可作表语，常见的有：interesting,amusing,boring,tiring,pleasin g I g g,exciting,moving

21、,disappointing,surpring ,encouraging 等。 eg: His story was very moving. The speech is really boring.5作评注性状语或插入语可以作评注性状语或插入语放在句子前面、 中间或末尾。五过去分词过去分词既有副词的特征又有动词的特征， 在句中可作定 语、状语、补语、表语等成分。( 1 )作定语 过去分词作定语，它和被修饰词之间是被动、完 成关系， 单个过去分词作定语放在前，过去分词短语作定语放在后。 其中及物动词的过去分词表 示完成或被动概念，不及物动 词的过去分词只表 示完成概念，没有被动的意味。eg: t

22、he rise n sun = the sun which has rise n falle n leaves = leaves which has falle n This is the house built several years ago. = This is the house which was built sveral years ago.(2) 作状语 过去分词在句中作状语，说明动作发生的背景或 情况。它 和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中可以作时间、条件、 原因、方式、让步和伴随状 语。eg: Tired out,they rest. 原因 Taken aroundthe

23、city,we weres new look.impressed by the cityof the danger ,he Though warnedstopped to have astill went skating on the thin ice.(3) 作补语及物动词的过去分词作补语，和宾语之 间构成被动关系。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表 状态和完成。(1) 可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词 ( 五 看二听一感觉 ) ，使役动词 have,get,make 等，以 及其他类动 keep,leave,like,want,wish 等。eg: I can ' t get the

24、 car going. I had my leg broken last week.4)作表语 过去分词作表语表示被动意义，主语常是人，一 般 用来表示感受和状态，可以用作表语的常见的 过去 分词有： astonished,delighted,disappointed,excited,experienced,exhausted,frightened,inter ested,puzzled,qualitied,satisfied,upset 等 , 有些过去分词作表语实际上已经构成固定短语。 如： be interested in,be satisfied with,be covered wit

25、h,be dressed in,be seated,be locked 等。能用这些分词作 表语的系动词有 be,get,remain,stay 等。 eg: The door remained locked. We were greatly encouraged when we heard the speech. 六非谓语动词的独立 结构 非谓语动词的独立结构为“名词或代词 非谓语动词 或“ with 名词 /代词非谓语动 词 。 在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子即：非 谓 语动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，须保存 之后 所构成的结构 。可放在句首或句尾。一名词或代词非谓语动词1名词 /

26、代词不定式 名词或代词通常为动作的执行者，与不定式构成 逻辑上的主谓关系，可位 于句首或句末eg:He will send me$100 first,the rest tofollow in a year.2名词/ 代词现在分词 名词或代词通常为现 在分词所表示的动作的执行 者，与现在分词构成逻 辑上的主谓关系。eg :Time permiting,we finish the work. 表条件 Spring coming on,the trees turns green. 表时间3名词 / 代词过去分词 名词或代词通常为过 去分词所表示的动作的承受 者。与过去分词构成逻 辑上的动宾关系或系表

27、关 系。eg: The sigal given,the bus started. Their strength exhausted,they sank down one byone. 表原因 二with 名词 / 代词非谓语动词 1with 名词 / 代词不定式 不定式和宾语之 间是被动关系，表示动作尚未发 生。eg:With nothing to do,they went out for awalk. 表原因 2 with 名词 / 代词现在分词宾语和动词 -ing 之间是主动关系， 表示的动作和 谓 语动词的动作同时发生。eg:The boy slept with the light bu

28、rning. 表伴随 3 with 名词 / 代词过去分词 不定式和宾语 之间是被动关系，表示动作已经完 成。eg:They stayed inside with the door locked. 表伴随 七非谓语动词的区别问题 一 动词后接 to do 不定式还是动名词 1 只能接 to do 不定式的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend2常只用动名词作宾语的动词有： admit,

29、avoid,appreciate,consider 考 虑 dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine ,keep,mind, miss 错 过 ,practise,risk,resist,suggest 等。 3动词后二者都可跟，意义不同的有：forget todo sth忘记要做某事forget doing sth忘记做过某事regret to do sth 懊悔要做某事regret doing sth懊悔做过某事go on to do sth接着做另外一件事go on doing sth接着做冋一件事stop to do sth停下来开始做某事s

30、top doing sth停止做某事try to do sth尽力做某事try doing sth试着做某事mean to do sth打算(意欲，企图)做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事can ' t help todo sth不能帮助做某事can ' t help doingsth情不自禁地做某事(4)动词后一者都可跟，意义相冋的有：begin,start,like,love,prefer,hate 等。但是区 另 U在于： 后接动名词时表示经常性的动作，后接不定式时表示的是具体的特定的动作。eg:I like playing football,but I do

31、n ' t like play now.重点提示：在以下情况下begin和start后只接不定式：I .主语是物不是人 eg:Spring came on and the snow began to melt.n .二者用于进行时 eg:It ' s begin to rain.川.二者后接表示心理活动或状态的动词。eg:Ibegan to realize how stupid I was.IV .二者后接不定式的被动式。to doeg:The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980' s.(二)“感

32、官动词 宾语宾补 sth/doingsth)的区别感官动词宾语宾补 ( to do sth ) 或全过程 感官动词宾语宾补 ( doing sth ) 或进行eg:The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.Did you see a pencil-box lying on the ground justnow.三个别“使让动词宾语宾补的特别词的用 法1 have 宾语宾补have 宾语 do “让? 做某事 ，不定式作宾 补可以指现在、将来或可能发生的动作。 eg: They had me repeat the message

33、. I won ' t have you say such things. I won ' t have you blame it on me. have 宾语 doing “让? 一直做某事 ，现在分词作宾补 可以表示主语有意让别人去做或无意 引起某人可能 去做或表示遭遇。eg: Tom tried to have her talking.But no use. I won ' t have you speaking to your parents like that. 注： have 宾语 doing 用于否认句， have 有容忍之意。 Why should we

34、 have the boy standing in the corner the whole morning. have 宾语 done “让? 被做 过去分词作宾补 可表示主语有意识的行为或表示“遭遇 、“经历 动作违背主语的意愿eg:We ought to have her examined by a doctor.The old woman had her handbag stolen.2 get 宾语宾补get +宾语+ to do = have +宾语+ do “让？ 做某事有时那么是“说服或劝说某人做某事eg:Iwill get the publisher to illustrat

35、e 力口 上插图the book. get +宾语+ doing “使？ 静的物体动起来 ， 具有进行含义。eg:I shall soon get the machine working.3 get 宾语 done “让? 被做 用法与 have 宾语 done 根本相同。eg:He got his wrist broken.习题练习：1.2021 全国 INow that we' ve discussedour problem,are pople happy with the decisionsA. takingB.takeC.takenD.totake2. 2021 全国 IThe

36、 children all turnedthe famous actress as she entered theclassroom.A. looked at B.to look atC.to looking atD.look at3. 2021 全国口 They use computers keep tothe trafficsmoothly.A. being run B.runC.to runD.running4. (2021)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruiton his own farm.A.grown B.being

37、 grown C.to be grownD.to grow5. (2021) twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A.Being bittenB.BittenC.Having bittenD.To bebitten6. (2021)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .B.reusedA. reusingC.reuses reused D.to be7. (2021)I st

38、ill remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.A.to take B.to be takenC.takingD.being taken8.(2021)Michael ' s newhouseis like ahuge palace,with his old one.A paringB.compares C.to compareD pared9. (2021)With the world changing fast,we have something new with all by ourselves every day. B

39、.dealt A.dealC. to dealD. dealing10. (2021)We are invited to a party in our club next Friday.A. to be held B.held C.being heldD.holdingat11. (2021) not to miss the flight 15:20,the manager got out for the airport in a hurry.A. Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded12. (2021)In April,2021

40、,President Hu inspectd the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. markingD.beingB. markedC. having markedmarked13. (2021)The play next month aimsmainly to reflect the local culture.A.produced B.beingproduedC.to be producedD.having been produced14. (2021) by the

41、advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A.Being encouraged B.EncouragingD. HavingC.Encouragedencouraged15. (2021)the project in time,thestaff were working at weekends.A pletingB. Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete16. (2021)When we visited my old famil

42、yback.home,memory cameB.toA. floodingflood C.flood D.flooded17. (2021) ,you need to give all you have and try your best.A.Being a winner B.To be awinner C.Be a winnerD.Having been awinner18. (2021)Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,alm

43、ost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.A. help B.to have helped C.to helpD.having helped19. (2021)There is a great deal of evidenceparts of the brains.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD.to be indicating20. (2021 ),the pay isn ' t attractivejob itself is qu

44、iteB.On theD.To beenough,though the interesting.A. Generallyspeakingcontrary Cn particular honest21. (2021)He told us whether a picnic was still under discussio n.C. haveB. havingD.hadA. to have22. (2021)Ladies and gentlemen,please remainbefore the plane has come to a complete stop.A.seatedB. seatin

45、gD.seatC. to seat23. (2021) many times,he finally understood.A.ToldB. TellingC. HavingD. Having beentoldtold24. (2021) the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars. A.Giving B.Having given C.To give D.Given25. (2021)The government plans to bring

46、in new laws parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A.forcedB. forcingC. to beD. havingforcedforced26. 2021 全国 I I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good .A.to be breathed B.to breatheC. breathing D.being breathed27 2021 They arequiet,aren 

47、9; t they? Yes.They are accustomed at meals.A.to talk B. to not talkC. to talking D.to not talking28. 2021 To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A.speakB.speakingD.to speakC.spoken29. 2021 theproject as planned,we' ll have to work twomore hours a day

48、.A pletingB. Completed C pletedD. To complete30. ( 2021 ) Please remain;the winnerof the prize will be announced soon. A.seatingB. seatedC. to seat seatedD. to bes new jobpaid twice as inthehad madeC. to workD. worked32. (2021)Something as simple as some cold water may clear your mind andB. drinking

49、B.To waitrelieve pressure.A.to drink C. to be drinking D.drunk33. (2021)Ideally for Broadway the theatres and Fifth Avenue,the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. A.locating B.being locatedC. having been located D.located34. (2021) that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into

50、the forest. A.Not realized B.Not to realize C.Not realizing D.Not to haverealize35. (2021) around the Water Cube,we were then taken to see the Bird' s Nest forthe 2021 Olympic Games.A.Having shown B.To be shown C.Having been shownD. To show36. (2021) in the queue for half an hour,the old man sud

51、denly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A.WaitingD.To haveat the back ofC.Having waitedwaited37. (2021)Can those the classroom hear me.A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat答案解析：1. C 此题主要考查“ with 名词 / 代词过去分词 的用法。不定式和宾语之间是被动关系，表 示动作 已经完成。2. B 此题主要考查“不定式作状语 。不定式作状 语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果，可位于 句 首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。3

52、. D 此题主要考查“现在分词作补语 。后面常 接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词(五看二听一 感觉 see,look at,watch,observe,notice/hear,listen to/feel )使让动词( have,get )以及其他类动 词 leave,keep,catch,set 等。表示动作正在进 行。短语作定语放在后，表示完成或被动概念5. B 此题主要考查 “过去分词作状语 。过去分 词 在句中作状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。它 和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因状 语。6. D 此题主要考查 “不定式作形式宾语 。不定 式 较长时，作宾语，可用 it 代替，放

53、在后面。7. D 此题主要考查 “只用动名词作宾语 。常只 用 动名词作宾语的动词有： admit,avoid,appreciate,consider 考虑 dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,su-gg est 等。8. D 此题主要考查 “过去分词作状语 。过去分 词 在句中作状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。它 和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作方式状 语。9. C 此题主要考查 “不定式作定语 。不定式作 定 语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。不定式与被修 饰名词构成被

54、动关系。定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。不定式与被 修 饰名词构成被动关系。11. B 此题主要考查“过去分词作状语 。过去分 词在句中作状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。 它 和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因 状语。12. A 此题主要考查 现在分词作状语 。动词 -ing 或其短语作状语时，作伴随状语。13. C 此题主要考查“不定式作后置定语 。不定 式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。表目的 或 将来。14. C 此题主要考查“过去分词作状语 。过去分 词在句中作状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。 它 和被修饰词之间是被动关系。它在句中作原因 状语。15. D 此题主要考查“不定式

55、作状语 。不定式作 状语主要是表示目的。可位于句首或句末，但句 首 时通常用逗号隔开。16. A 此题主要考查 现在分词作状语 。动词 -ing 或其短语作状语时，作伴随状语。17. B 此题主要考查“不定式作状语 。不定式作 状语表示目的。可位于句首或句末，但句首时通 常 用逗号隔开。18. C 同 17 题19. B 此题主要考查“现在分词作定语 。现在分 词短语作定语，放在所修饰词的后面。动词 -ing 作 定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系，表示动作正 在同 时进行或经常性发生。20. D 此题主要考查“不定式作评注性状语或插 入语。不定 式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾。常见的有 to be frank,to be h