四形容词和副词的比较级最高级

1、立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本四、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级(Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs)I. 形容词比较级和最高级的形式、形容词比较级和最高级的构成构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er和-eststrong stron ger stron gest 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r和-ststra ngestra ngerstra ngest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母， 须先双与这个辅音子母，再加-er和-estsadsaddersaddestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest 少数以-y, -

2、er（或-ure）, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词， 末尾加-er和-est（以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母， 把y变成 i，再加-er 和-est，以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st）angry clever n arrow n oblean grier cleverer n arrower n obleran griest cleverest n arrowest n oblest其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和mostdifficultmore difficultmost difficult合成形容词的比较等级? 大多数在前面加more及most。例如：home-sick,

3、 more home-sick, most home-sickup-to-date, more up-to-date, most up-to-date?若第一个词是大家熟悉的单音节词，则-er及-est都加在这个词的前面。例:Long-lasting, Ionger-lasting, longest-lastinghard-work ing, harder-work ing, hardest-work ingKin d-hearted, kin der-hearted, kin dest-heartedWell-known, better-known, best-known二、不规则形容词的比

4、较级和最高级形式原级比较级最咼级good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittle few farlessfarther / furtherleastfarthest / furthestoldolder / elderOlder / elderII. 副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样般副词hard harder hardestfast fastefastestlate late latestearly earlier earliest、特殊副词well better best

5、much more mostbadly worse worstlittle less least三、开放类副词开放类副词即以后缀-ly副词原形前加 more或 most/结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，而应在。女口：quickly more quickly most quicklyquietly more quietly most quietlyIII. 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法一、比较级1 比较级通常由“形容词（副词）比较级+than+”构成，表示在两者中间一方 比另一方“更加”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短 语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-i

6、ng结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去tha n。如：Mary is happier than Jane.玛丽比珍妮幸福。（形容词和系词连用） He lives more happily than I.他过得比我幸福。（副词修饰行为动词）2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如：The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.Sound travels faster through water than through air.3. 比较级前还可用much, eve

7、n, still, a little等词语来修饰，表示“得多”，“甚至”，“更”，“一些”等意思。如：Japan is a little larger than Germany.日本比德国大一点儿。用“times +形容词的比较级+ than”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的 词+比较级”来表示具体的比较差别。如：Our room is twice larger than theirs.我们的房间比他们的大两倍。He is a head taller than I.他比我高一头。4 隐含比较级1）有时比较级并不一定出现tha n,这时通过上下文可暗示出。如:Are you feeling bett

8、er now? 你现在感觉好些了吗？“tc而不用“ thar。”如：superior to优越，高于 senior to年长的，地位高的 preferable to 更好的2）有些形容词在表示比较的时候，跟 prior to较早的，较重要的inferior to下等的，次的junior to年幼的，地位低的，迟的The task is prior to all others.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。In maths he felt superior to John.他觉得自己数学比约翰强。He is two years senior to me.他比我大两岁。Health withou

9、t riches is preferable to riches without health.贫穷但健康要 比富有却多病更可取。3) 有时 to 可用来代替 as 或 tha n，特别是在 equal, similar, equivale nt, propor tion al, comparable 等形容词后。E.g.This is similar / equivale nt to that.The payment is proportional to the work done.The Persian poet Omar Khayyam is comparable to the Chin

10、ese poetry Li Bai.二、最咼级1. 最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是 定冠词+形容词最高级+名词 + 表示范围的短语或从句”(如 of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever take n place 等)。如：Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeareis the most widely known.2. 副词的最咼级与形容词最咼级的区别在于最咼级前没有定冠词the。如：He runs fastest of the three.三个人中他跑得最快。3

11、. 当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围，作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词of;如不属于同一类人或物，而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词 in。如：He is the tallest of the four boys. （ He 与 boy 属同类）He is the tallest in our class. （ He 与 class不属同类）4可以用原级，比较级，最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如:She is the best student in her class.She is better than any other s

12、tudent in her class.No other student in her class is better than she.No other student in her class is as good as she.5. 较低级和最低级? less / least略种音节的形容词和副词：表示较不 /最不。例如：small, less small（=larger）, least small （=largest） beautiful, less beautiful, least beautiful? less表示比较少的”可用在不可数名词前面；lesser表示次要的”只 可用在可

13、数名词前。E.g.He has less con fide nee tha n his brother.I have less trouble / fewer troubles than last year. We have many lesser things to do.He got a lesser share.6. More的特殊用法? My trip to Bei Jing is more tha n sightsee ing.?（不仅仅，简直不）? He is more brave than wise.与其说 不女口 ）? He has no more than dollars.仅

14、仅； 不过）? A bat is no more a bird tha n a whale.?（同一样不）? He has not more tha n five dollars.?（至多，不超过）? He does not know mechanics any more than his grandmothe不（比 更）7. 含比较等级的短语as many / much as; more and more,the more ,the more ；once more, what ' s mor更加I,th#发c）re （ not any more / longer, no more / longer, never more决不再）,more or less, furthermore, go further （进一步说），go no