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1、连词是一种虚词,连词是一种虚词, 它不能独它不能独立担任句子成分。用来连接立担任句子成分。用来连接词词,短语短语,从句与句子从句与句子。 连词主要可分为两类:l并列连词l从属连词1 并列连词并列连词表示词,短语,表示词,短语, 从句或句子之间具有并列关从句或句子之间具有并列关系。系。 可以表示平行关系,转折关系,选择关系可以表示平行关系,转折关系,选择关系 和因和因果关系。果关系。and (和和) both and(和(和,两者都)两者都)neither nor(既不(既不也不也不)not only but also(不但不但 而且而且)as well as (和和, 也也, 除除外外, 而且

2、而且) 1.表示平行关系的连词表示平行关系的连词:as well (也也,而且而且,) 用于句末用于句末.他是一个科学家他是一个科学家, 而且也是一个诗人而且也是一个诗人.He is a scientist, but he is a poet as well.He is a scientist as well as a poet.他们也会来吗他们也会来吗?Are they coming as well?This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate 注意:A. 在否定句中列举并列成份不用and,而要用o

3、r.Eg. There is no air or water there. There is no air and no water there.B. 在“祈使句+and +简单句(一般将来时)”结构中祈使句表条件,相当于if 引导的条件句。Eg. Now stop blowing and youll find the glass clear again. 考点一:考点一:1 1)判断改错:判断改错: They sat down and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting beh

4、ind and ate there.FFFeatingsingtalkedand (“和,并且和,并且”) 与与 or (“否则否则”)“and” 连接连接平行平行结构。结构。 (1)肯定句中用)肯定句中用“and” 表表“和和”;(2)否定句中用)否定句中用“or”表表“和和” 。2 2)翻译:翻译: 我喜欢英语我喜欢英语和和数学。数学。 我不喜欢英语我不喜欢英语和和数学。数学。 I like English _ math. I dont like English _ math.and or= Study hard, _ your math will be worse.3 3)用)用 “an

5、dand” 或或“or or” 填空:填空: Study hard, _ your math will be better.and or “and”意为意为“这样,那么这样,那么”; “or” 意为意为 “否则否则” 。2、表示选择关系的并列连词。、表示选择关系的并列连词。 常用的该类连词有:or(或则或则,否则否则) or else(否则否则) otherwise(要不然要不然) eitheror(或者或者 或者或者)如: You should get the license right away,or youll have to pay a fine either A or B “或者或者

6、A或者或者B”neither A nor B “既不既不A也不也不B”not only A but also B “不仅不仅A而且而且B” - 连词词组连词词组 :Either you or I _ going to the party.(或者你或者我将去晚会。或者你或者我将去晚会。)Neither I nor he _ seen the movie.(我和他都没有看过这部电影。)(我和他都没有看过这部电影。)Not only you but also he _ French.(不但你而且他也讲法语。)(不但你而且他也讲法语。) 【连接主语【连接主语 时,谓语时,谓语“就近原就近原则则”】am

7、hasspeaks考点二考点二 3 .表示转折和对比关系的并列连词表示转折和对比关系的并列连词:常用的该类连词有: but while (而而, 虽然虽然) yet (可是可是) however (而而) whereas,however,nevertheless,on the other hand,on the contrary She is not a funny girl,yet you cant help liking her 表表转折转折的连词的连词butbut 和和howeverhowever: e.g. (他努力工作,但以失败告终。他努力工作,但以失败告终。) He worked

8、hard, _ he failed at last. He worked hard. _, he failed at last.区别区别: : but but 后后没有逗号,直接连接分句;没有逗号,直接连接分句; howeverhowever 后后有逗号相隔,可放句末。有逗号相隔,可放句末。butHowever考点三考点三 :观察句子观察句子 : (1)Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.改为:改为:Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或或 H

9、e is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.(2)“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”* *although/ though although/ though 和和butbut这两个关联词不能同时用。这两个关联词不能同时用。 ?同样,此句错误,同样,此句错误, because because 和和 soso 等关联词都不能同时使用。等关联词都不能同时使用。考点四考点四 : 4、表示因果关系的并列连词。、表示因果关系的并列连词。 常用的该类连词有:so, for, thus(因

10、此因此), therefore(因此)(因此),consequently(因而,(因而,所以)所以),hence(因此),accordingly(因此,于是)。如: It was raining heavily,so the sports meeting was postponed For, 因为、由于,补充说明理由,不用于句因为、由于,补充说明理由,不用于句首首So, 因此,表结果因此,表结果He will surely succeed, for he works hard.It was late, so we went home.二二.从属连词从属连词是用来引导连接主句和从句的连词。是用来

11、引导连接主句和从句的连词。 (1). 时间时间: when, while, as 当当时时 when+瞬间瞬间,延续性动词延续性动词 while+延续性动词延续性动词 as+瞬间瞬间,延续性动词延续性动词 “一边一边一边一边” till/until, once, as soon as(一一就就), the moment/instant(一一就就),1.引导时间状语的连词引导时间状语的连词你来时我将把这事你来时我将把这事告诉你。告诉你。她一人独处时常常她一人独处时常常哭泣。哭泣。他经过时笑了笑。他经过时笑了笑。三思而后行。三思而后行。When you comes Ill tell you abo

12、ut it.Often she would weep when alone.He smiled as he passed.Look before you leap. Mr. White was taking a shower _ the UFO landed on the street. A. where B. while C. when D. whetherCWhile Mr. White was taking a shower,the UFO landed on the street.考点一考点一 “when” 和和 “while”when引导的状语从句的动作引导的状语从句的动作多为多为终

13、止性动词终止性动词,也为也为可持续动词可持续动词;但;但while只能只能是是可持续动词可持续动词。(1 1) while, when, aswhile, when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。1) 1) 当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While, While, when, as when, as 都可用来引导表示都可用来引导表示“背景背景”的时间状语从句。的时间状语从句。例如:例如:As/When/While I was walking down the street

14、I As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.noticed a police car.2) 2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是whilewhile。例如:例如:While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.homework.3) 3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是当两个动作都表示发

15、展变化的情况时,最常用的是asas。例如:例如:As children get older, they become more and more As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around erested in things around them. 4) 当两个短动作当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示同时发生时,或表示“一边一边一一边边”时,最常用时,最常用as。例如:。例如: Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.

16、She looked behind from time to time as she went. 5) 当从当从句的动作句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用先于主句的动作时,通常用when。例如:。例如: When he finished his work, he took a short rest. 6) 当从句是当从句是瞬间瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用常用when。例如:。例如: When John arrived I was cooking lunch.注意:注意:(1)when, as, whilewhen即可引导持续性动作,又可引导短暂性动作。即可引导

17、持续性动作,又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时同时发生,或发生,或从句的动作发生在主句动作从句的动作发生在主句动作之前之前。如:。如:When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. (同时)(同时) When the lesson was over, we began our writing.(从句动作在前)(从句动作在前)as引导持续性动作,侧重主句和从句的动作引导持续性动作,侧重主句和从句的动作同时同时发生。发生。He hurried home, looking be

18、hind as he went.I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.从句表示从句表示“随时间推移随时间推移”连词能用连词能用as,不用,不用when 或或while。 日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。 As the day went on, the weather got worse.As the day went on, the weather got worse.While:指的是:指的是“在某一时间里在某一时间里”,“在在期间期间”,从句里

19、的动作必须是持续性的,它也强调主句和从句从句里的动作必须是持续性的,它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生,往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。动作的同时发生,往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。while也可做并列连词,表示对照的意思。如:也可做并列连词,表示对照的意思。如:He is tall while his brother is short.我们要趁热打铁。我们要趁热打铁。We must strike while the iron is hot.当当when, as, while表示表示“在在一段时间里一段时间里”,主从,主从句的动作同时发生时,可以换用。如:句的动作同时发生时,可以换用。如: Whi

20、le (When或或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.(2)如果)如果when和和before引导的从句位于主句之后,有引导的从句位于主句之后,有时不能译成时不能译成“当当时候时候” 和和“在在之前之前”,而要译成,而要译成“就就”、“才才”、“这时这时”等。如:等。如:He almost knocked me down before he saw me.I was walking in the street when I saw him.考点二考点二 我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。我父亲直到我们吃完饭时才回来。 My father _ com

21、e back until we had supper.notuntil/ till 直到直到才才till 直到直到为止为止翻译:翻译:他直到他直到3岁才会讲话。岁才会讲话。He _get up until his mother wakes him up.didnt 他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。他经常等到妈妈叫他才起床。 He _ speak until he was 3.couldntdoesnt(3) till和和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词,通常用肯定如果主句谓语动词是持续动词,通常用肯定式的主句,表示式的主句,表示“直到直到为止为止”。如:。如: 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词,则用

22、否定式如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词,则用否定式的主句表示的主句表示“直到直到才才”。如:。如: 放在句首表示强调时一般用放在句首表示强调时一般用until。如:。如: Until he returns, nothing can be done. I worked till (until) he came back.I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.肯定句: I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 (在肯定句中可用before代替) 否定句: She di

23、dnt arrive until 6 oclock.她直到6点才到。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。注意注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 Not until 在句首,主句用倒装。在句首,主句用倒装。 not untildid直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。蹉跎了几多岁月。It is not until that Not until I began to work did I realize how much

24、time I had wasted. 表示表示“一一”就的结构就的结构hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和和as soon as都可以表示都可以表示一一就就的意思,例:的意思,例:I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意:如果注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或或no sooner置于句首,

25、置于句首, 句子必须用倒装结构。句子必须用倒装结构。 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.考点三考点三 2.引导原因状语从句的引导原因状语从句的because, as, since,for等等 For语气最弱语气最弱, 引导的分句放在句末引导的分句放在句末.3.由由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as), in case (that) (如果,万一如果,万一),supposing (suppo

26、se)等引导:等引导:必要的话往我家里打电话。必要的话往我家里打电话。假如你错了你怎么办?假如你错了你怎么办?假如她发现了,我们怎么办?假如她发现了,我们怎么办?If necessary, ring me at home.Supposing (that) youre wrong, what will you do then?Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? _ you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings. A. UnlessB. Because C. If D.

27、When 解题技巧解题技巧 以此立意的试题考查考生能否正确使用连以此立意的试题考查考生能否正确使用连接目的和结果状语从句的一组连词接目的和结果状语从句的一组连词if,unless。if如果;如果;unless如果不如果不;除;除非非。 本句是一个条件句,如果本句是一个条件句,如果,选,选C。C注意注意:条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时,只能用现在时态或过去时态用将来时,只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。表示将来时。 if, whether if和和whether都可作都可作“是否是否”讲,在引导宾与从讲,在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如:句是一般可

28、互换。例如: I dont know whether (if) he likes that film. 在下列情况下,只能用在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用不能用if: 1) 在不定式前。例如:在不定式前。例如: I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not. 2)用)用or并列两项以上时。例如:并列两项以上时。例如: I dont now whether he comes or not.4.引导让步状语从句的连词引导让步状语从句的连词 as(尽管尽管), even if/ though (即使即使),in spite of(

29、尽管尽管) however(无论怎样无论怎样), whatever no matter how/ who/ which though/ although不与不与but连用连用.尽管你读得快尽管你读得快, 你也不能在三天内读完这本书你也不能在三天内读完这本书.Fast as you read, you cant finish reading the book in three days. Although you read fast, you cant finish reading the book in three days. 不管他怎样努力不管他怎样努力, 还是摆脱不了困难还是摆脱不了困难.

30、Try as he might, he could nt get rid of the difficulty. 5.引导结果状语从句的连词引导结果状语从句的连词sothat(如此(如此以致以致), suchthat, so thatsothat, such.that区别区别sothat, such.that区别区别1) sothat中的中的so是个副词,其后只能跟形是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而容词或副词,而such.that中的中的such是个是个形容词形容词,后接名词或名词短语。例如:,后接名词或名词短语。例如: Im so tired that I cant walk any fa

31、rther. It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在如果在名词之前名词之前有有many, much, little, few时,用时,用so,不用不用such。例如:。例如: He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.6.引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词In order to, so that, in order that(为了)so that, in order that引导的目的状从中一般有can, could, may, might等情态动

32、词。They set out early so that they might arrive in time. Jack studies hard so that he can get a good job.He took the MP3 player with him _ he could enjoy music during the trip.A. because B. so that C. whenB他起早是他起早是为了为了赶上早班车。赶上早班车。(表目的表目的) He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.He got up early so that he caught the early bus.他起早,他起早,

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