2010年12月六级真题及其答案(精)

1、Part I Writi ng (30 min utesDirection: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitledMy Views on University Ranking. Y ou should write at least 150 words following the outl ine give n below.1. 目前高校排名相当盛行；2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一；3. 在我看来My Views on Un iversity RankingPart II Readi n

2、g Comprehe nsion (Skim ming and Scanning (15 minu tesInto the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?Un til the early 1990s no body much thought about whole populati ons gett ing older.The UN had the foresight to convene a“world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but th

3、atcame and went. By 1994 the World Bank had no ticed that someth ing big was happe ning.In a report entitled“A verting the Old Age Crisis” , it arguedehaepension arranmost coun tries were un susta in able.For the n ext ten years a successi on of books, mainly by America ns, soun ded thealarm. They h

4、ad titles like Y oung vs Old, Gray Daw n and The Comi ng Gen eratio nalStorm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were head ing for the rocks,pensioners were tak ing young people to the clea ners, and soon there would be in terge nerati onal warfare.Since the n the debate has become les

5、s emoti on al, not least because a lot more is known about thesubject. Books, conferen ces and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as theOECD and the EU issue regular reports. Populati on age ing is on every age nda, from G8 econo micconferen ces to NA TO summits. The W

6、orld Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions andhealth care at its prestigious Davos conference early n ext year. The media, in clud ing this n ewspaper, aregiving the subject exte nsive coverage.Whether all that atte nti on has tran slated into sufficie nt acti on is ano ther questi

7、 on. Gover nments inrich coun tries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become un affordable, andmany of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with aneye on the next election will hardly rush to in troduce un popular

8、measures that may not bear fruit for years,perhaps decades.The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal政 meltdown, public pensions andhealth-care provisi on will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the mosteffective method to restrain pension spe nding

9、is to give people the opport un ity to work Ion ger, because itin creases tax reve nues and reduces spe nding on pensions at the same time. It may eve n keep them aliveIon ger. Joh n Rother, the AARP s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other thingsbeing equal, people who re

10、ma in at work have lower death rates tha n their retired peers.Y oun ger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for Ion ger and that theirpensions will be less gen erous. Employers still n eed to be persuaded that older workers are worthholdi ng on to. That may be because they have h

11、ad ple nty of youn ger ones to choose from, partly tha nksto the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more wome n have entered the labour force, in creas ing employers choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to takeup paid work is running low, and the baby

12、-boomers are going grey.In many coun tries immigra nts have bee n filli ng such gaps in the labour force as have alreadyemerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off. Immigration in the developedworld is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful differenee.

13、 In still-fertile America it currentlyaccounts for about 40% of total populati on growth, and in fast-age ing wester n Europe for about 90%.On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people inn eed of jobs; many rich coun tries n eed help ing hands

14、 that will boost tax reve nues and keep up econo micgrowth. But over the n ext few decades labour forces in rich coun tries are set to shri nk so much that inflows of immigra nts would have to in crease eno rmously to compe nsate: to at least twice their curre nt sizein western Europe s most youthfu

15、l countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a largemultiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich coun triesalready thi nk that immigrati on is too high. Further big in creases would be politically un feasible.To tackle the p

16、roblem of ageing populations at its root,“ old ” countries wouldha，rejuve nate 使年轻 themselves by hav ing more of their own childre n. A nu mber of them have tried, somemore successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing morechild care. Modern ur

17、ban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Wome n find it hard tocomb ine family and career.They ofte n compromise by hav ing just one child.And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not forquite a while yet, but the w

18、orld will slowly become a differe nt place. Older societies may be less innovativeand more strongly disinclined to take risks than youn ger on es. By 2025 at the latest, about half the votersin America and most ofthose in western European countries will be over 5and older people turn out to vote in

19、much greater number tha n youn ger on es. Academic studies have found no evide nee so far that older voters have usedtheir power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically ben efit them, though if in future there aremany more of them they might start doing so.Nor is there any sign of t

20、he intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older peoplethemselves mostly have families. In a rece nt study of pare nts and grow n- up children in 11 Europeancountries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each otherand the majority of t

21、hem were in touch at least once a week.Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profo und effect onsocieties, not just econo mically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jacks on and NeilHowe of America s CSIS, in a thoughtful bookcall

22、ed The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a nu mber of serious security implicati ons.For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the fewthey have to military service. In the

23、decades to 2050, America will find itselfplaying an ever-increasing role in the developed wdd s defenee effort. Because America spopulation will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be theonly developed country that still matters geopolitically （地 缘

24、政治上.Ask me in 2020There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But someof the con seque nces can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that give n the right policies, the effects,though grave, n eed not be catastrophic. Most coun tries have re

25、cog ni sed the n eed to do somethi ng andare begi nning to act.But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecede nted. Ron ald Lee, director of the Centre on the Econo mics and Demography of Ageing at theUniversity of California, Berkel

26、ey, puts it briefly and clearly:“ We don t really know what populatio nage ing will be like, because n obody hasdone it yet. “注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system in mostcoun tries could_ .A not be sustained in the long termB further accele

27、rate the age ing processC hardly halt the growth of populati onD help tide over the curre nt age ing crisis2. What message is conv eyed in books like Y oung vs Old?A The gen erati on gap is bound to n arrow.B In terge nerati onal con flicts will in ten sify.C The youn ger gen erati on will beat the

28、old.D Old people should give way to the young.3. One reas on why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is thatA no body is willi ng to sacrifice their own in terests to tackle the problemB most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediatelyC the proposed reforms will a

29、ffect too many people s interestsD politicia ns are afraid of los ing votes in the n ext electi on4. The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension crisis is toA allow people to work Ion ger C cut back on health care provisi onsB in crease tax reve nues D start reforms right away

30、5. The reas on why employers are un willi ng to keep older workers is that_ .A they are gen erally difficult to man ageB the Ion ger they work, the higher their pensionC their pay is higher tha n that of youn ger onesD youn ger workers are readily available6. To compe nsate for the fast-shri nking l

31、abour force, Japa n would n eed_.A to revise its current population control policyB large nu mbers of immigra nts from overseasC to automate its manu facturi ng and service in dustriesD a politically feasible policy concerning populati on7. Why do many wome n in rich coun tries compromise by hav ing

32、 only one child?A Small families are beco ming more fashi on able.B They find it hard to balance career and family.C It is too expe nsive to support a large family.D Child care is too big a problem for them.8. Compared with younger ones, older societies are less inclined to9. The predicted intergene

33、rational warfare is unlikely because most of the olderpeople themselves_.10. Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to committhem to_ .Part III Liste ning Comprehe nsion (35 mi nu tesSection A注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。11. A The man is the manager of the apartment building.B Th

34、e woma n is very good at barga ining.C The woma n will get the apartme nt refur ni shed.D The man is look ing for an apartme nt.12. A How the pictures will turn out. C What the man thinks of the shots.B Where the bota ni cal garde n is. D Why the pictures are not ready.13. A There is no replacement

35、for the handle.B There is no match for the suitcase.C The suitcase is not worth fixing.D The suitcase can be fixed in time.14. A He n eeds a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.B He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks.C He has had his truck adapted for cold temperatures.D He does routi n

36、e truck maintenance for the woma n.15. A She cannot stand her boss s bad temper.B She has ofte n bee n criticized by her boss.C She has made up her mind to resig n.D She n ever regrets any decisi ons she makes.16. A Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size.B Replace the shirt with one of s

37、ome other material.C V isit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt.D Get a disco unt on the shirt she is going to buy.17. A At a“Lost and Found ” . C At a trade fair.B At a recepti on desk. D At an exhibiti on.18. A Repair it and move in. C Convert it into a hotel.B Pass it on to his grandson.

38、 D Sell it for a good price.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A Unique descriptive skills. C Colourful world experiences.B Good knowledge of readers tastes. D Careful plotting and clueing.20. A A peaceful sett in g. C To be in the right mood.B A spacious room.

39、D To be en tirely alone.21. A They rely heavily on their own imagi nati on.B They have experiences similar to the characters.C They look at the world in a detached manner.D They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.Questi ons 22 to 25 are based on the conv ersati on you have just heard.22. A Good

40、 or bad, they are there to stay.B Like it or not, you have to use them.C Believe it or not, they have survived.D Gain or lose, they should be moder ni sed.23. A The frequent train delays. CThe food sold on the trains.B The high train ticket fares. D The monopoly of British Railways.24. A The low eff

41、iciency of their operation.B Competition from other modes of transport.C Con sta nt compla ints from passe ngers.D The pass ing of the new tran sport act.25. A They will be de-n ati on alised. C They are fast disappeari ng.B They provide worse service. D They lose a lot of mon ey.Secti on B注意:此部分试题请

42、在答题卡 2 上作答。Passage OneQuesti ons 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A The whole An tarctic regi on will be submerged.B Some polar an imals will soon become exti net.C Many coastal cities will be covered with water.D The earth will experie nee extreme weathers.27. A How huma ns

43、 are to cope with global warmi ng.B How un stable the West An tarctic ice sheet is.C How vuln erable the coastal cities are.D How polar ice impacts global weather.28. A It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years.B It sits firmly on solid rock at the bottom of the ocean.C It melted at t

44、emperatures a bit higher than those of today.D It will have little impact on sea level when it breaks up.29. A The West An tarctic regi on was once an ope n ocea n.B The West An tarctic ice sheet was about 7,000 feet thick.C The West An tarctic ice sheet was once floati ng ice.D The West An tarctic

45、regi on used to be warmer tha n today.Passage T woQuesti ons 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A Whether we can develop social ties on the Intern et.B Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.C Whether our blogs can be ren ewed daily.D Whether we can set up

46、 our own websites.31. A The nu mber of visits they receive. C The files they have collected.B The way they store data. D The means they use to get information.32. A When the system is dow n. C When the URL is reused.B Whe n new links are set up. D Whe n the server is restarted.Passage ThreeQuesti on

47、s 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.B Iced coffees sold by some popular cha ins are con tam in ated.C Drin ki ng coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.D Some brand-n ame coffees con ta in harmful substa n

48、ces.34. A Have some fresh fruit. C Take a hot shower.B Exercise at the gym. D Eat a hot dinner.35. A They could enjoy a happier family life.B They could greatly improve their work efficie ncy.C Many can cer cases could be preve nted.D Many embarrass ing situati ons could be avoided.Section C注意:此部分试题

49、在答题卡 2 上作答。Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in realms as (36_as academic achieveme nt,beari ng up in tough jobs and cop ing with (37_ ill ness. And, by con trast,the loss of hope is tur ning out to be a stron ger sig n that a

50、 pers on may (38 suicide tha n other factorslong thought to be more likely risks.“ Hope has prove n a powerful predictor of (39_ in every studywe ve done so far, ” said Dr. Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist who has devised a (40 to assess howmuch hope a pers on has.For example, in research with 3,92

51、0 college stude nts, Dr. Sny der and his (41found that the levelof hope among freshme n at the beg inning of their first semester was a more (42predictor of their collegegrades tha nwere their S.A.T. scores or their grade point (43_in high school, the twomeasures most commo nly used to predict colle

52、ge performa nee.equivale nt in tellige nee and past academic achieveme nts, what sets them apart is hope.In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr. Snyder(45_ .“ That no tio n is not con crete eno ughta nblurs two key components of hope,” Dr. Snyder said.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Read

53、ing in Depth (25 minutesSection AQuesti ons 47 to 51 are based on the follow ing passage.Most young boys are trained to believe that men should be strong, tough, cool, and detached. Thus,they lear n early to hide vuln erable emoti ons such as love, joy, and sad ness because theybelieve that such fee

54、lings are feminine and imply weakness. Over time, some men become stra ngersto their own emoti on al lives. It seems that men with traditi onal views of masculi nity are more likely tosuppress outward emoti ons and to fear emotio ns, supposedly because such feeli ngs may lead to a loss ofcomposu 镇定.

55、Keep in mind, however, that this view is challe nged by some researchers. As with many gender gaps, differe nces in emoti on ality tend to be small, incon siste nt, and depe ndent on the situati on. Forin sta nee, Roberts on and colleagues found that males who were more traditi on ally masculi ne we

56、re moreemoti on ally expressive in a structured exercise tha n whe n they were simply asked to talk about their(44” Dr. Snyder said.Whe n you ctamtsaf stuemoti ons.Males difficulty with“ tender ” emotions has serious consequences. First, suppressedemoti ons can con tribute to stress-related disorder

57、s. And worse, men are less likely tha n wome n to seekhelp from health professi on als. Second, men s emoti onal in expressive nesscan cause problems in their relati on ships with part ners and childre n. For example, men who en dorsetraditi onal masculi ne norms report lower relati on ship satisfac

58、t ion, as do their female partners. Further,children whose fathers are warm, loving, and accepting toward them have higher self-esteem and lowerrates of aggressi on and behavior problems. On a positive note, fathers are increasingly involvingthemselves with their children. And 30 percent of fathers

59、report that they take equal or greater responsibilityfor their childre n tha n their work ing wives do.One emoti on males are allowed to express is an ger. Sometimes this an ger tran slates into physicalaggression or violenee. Men commit nearly 90 percent of violent crimes in the Un ited States and

60、almost allsexual assaults.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。47. Most young boys have bee n trained to believe that men who show ten derfeeli ngs are con sidered to be_ .48. Some men believe that if they expressed their emotions openly they might49. Accord ing to the author, men who suppress their emoti ons may de