汽车简介(第三章)(1)

1、汽车电子Unit 3 Electronic Fuel Injection第三单元 电控燃油喷射（EFI） 3-1 Electronic Fuel Injection Description电控燃油喷射介绍 v1- sensor 传感器 v1.1- air flow meter sensor 空气流量计 v1.2- water temperature sensor 水温传感器vengine coolant temperature sensor 发动机冷却液温度传感器v1.3- oxygen sensor 氧传感器 v1.4- crankshaft position sensor 曲轴位置传感器v

2、engine speed sensor 发动机转速传感器 v2.1- ECU=electronic control unit 电控单元 v3- actuator 执行器 v3.1- injector 喷油器 v3.2- ignition coil with igniter 带点火器的点火线圈vCOP= coil on-plug 装在火花塞上的点火线圈 v4- wiring harness 线束vThe EFI system uses various sensors to detect the operating conditions of the engine and the vehicle.

3、 In accordance with the signals from these sensors, the ECU calculates the optimal fuel injection volume and operates the injectors in order to inject the proper volume of fuel. During ordinary driving, the engine ECU determines the fuel injection volume for achieving the theoretical air-fuel ratio,

4、 in order to ensure the proper power, fuel consumption, and exhaust emission levels simultaneously. vAt other times, such as during warm-up, acceleration, deceleration, or high-load driving conditions, the engine ECU detect those conditions with the various sensors and then corrects the fuel injecti

5、on volume in order to ensure an optimal air-fuel mixture at all times.3-2 Types of EFI电控燃油喷射的类型vL-EFI- 空气流量控制型电控燃油喷射，带空气流量计的电控燃油喷射vD-EFI- 歧管压力控制型电控燃油喷射，压力测量式的电控燃油喷射 v1- oxygen sensor 氧传感器 v2- spark plug 火花塞 v3- injector 喷油器v4- pressure regulator 压力调节器 v5. 1- AFM#1 空气流量计v5.2- MAP#2 进气歧管压力传感器v5.3- IAT

6、 sensor =intake air temperature sensor 进气温度传感器 v6- fresh air 新鲜空气 v7- bypass tract 旁通气道v8- ISCV=idle speed control valve 怠速控制阀v9- TPS=throttle position sensor 节气门位置传感器 v10- water temperature sensor 水温传感器 Types of EFIvThere are two types of EFI system classified by the amount of the intake air detect

7、ion method. v1. L-EFI (Air-flow control type) vThis type uses an air flow meter to detect the amount of the air flowing in the intake manifold. There are two types of detection methods: One directly measures the intake air mass, and one makes corrections based on the air volume. v2. D-EFI (Manifold

8、pressure control type) vThis type measures the pressure in the intake manifold to detect the amount of the intake air using the intake air density.3-3 Fuel System Description 供油系统介绍Standard System Type Returnless Fuel System Type标准系统型 无回油系统型v1- fuel tank 燃油箱 v2- fuel pump 燃油泵，汽油泵v3- fuel filter 汽油滤清

9、器 v4- pressure line, pressure pipe 压力油管 v5- fuel pressure regulator 燃油压力调节器 v6- injector 喷油器 v7- fuel rail 油轨 ，delivery pipe 供油管v8- fuel return line或 return pipe 回油管 v9- fuel rail(no return flow) 燃油轨(无回油流动) Fuel Pump in Fuel Tank燃油箱内装式燃油泵v10- fuel filter 燃油滤清器 v11- float 浮子v12- fuel gauge sensor或 fu

10、el level sensor 燃油表传感器 v13- coupler 联接器 v 14- return tube 回油管 v15- fuel deliver tube 供油管 v16- fuel damper ( pulsator ) 燃油脉动衰减器 v17- foam rubber sleeve 泡沫橡胶套 v18- rubber isolator 橡胶隔离物 v 19- suction-jet pump 吸射泵 v20- suction strainer 吸入滤网 The Basic Fuel System ConfigurationvFuel PumpvThe pump impelle

11、r is turned by the motor to compress the fuel. The check valve closes when the fuel pump is stopped to maintain the pressure in the fuel line and make it easier to restart the engine. The relief valve opens when the pressure on the outlet side becomes too high in order to prevent the fuel pressure f

12、rom becoming too high。vFuel filter vThe fuel filter removes dirt and impurities from the fuel that is compressed by the fuel pump.vInjector vThe injector injects fuel into the intake ports of the cylinders in accordance with the signal from the engine ECU. The signals from the engine ECU cause curre

13、nt to flow in the solenoid coil, and this causes the plunger to be pulled, opening the valve to inject the fuel. Because the plunger stroke does not change, the amount of the fuel injection is controlled at the time that the current is flowed to the solenoid.vPressure Regulator vThe pressure regulat

14、or controls the fuel pressure to the injector at 324 kPa (3.3 kgf/cm2). (Values may differ depending on engine models) 3-4 Electronic Spark Advance System 电子点火系统 vEI with distributor 带分电器的电子点火 (DI=distributor ignition)vEI without distributor 不带分电器的电子点火 (DLI=distributorless ignition) v1.1- ignition c

15、oil with ignition driver 带点火驱动器的点火线圈v1.2- ignition coil with igniter 带点火器的点火线圈 v2.1- ignition distributor 分电器v2.2- high-voltage distributor 高压电分配器 v3- spark plug 火花塞 v4- engine ECU=engine electronic control unit 发动机电控单元 v5- water temperature sensor 冷却液温度传感器 v6- knock sensor 爆震传感器v7- crankshaft posit

16、ion sensor 曲轴位置传感器v8- ring gear for sensor 传感器齿圈v9- throttle position sensor 节气门位置传感器v10- battery 蓄电池 v11- ignition switch 点火开关 v12.1- single-spark coil 单火花点火线圈 v12.2- ignition coil with igniter 独立点火器（笔式点火线圈） DescriptionvThe engine ECU determines the ignition timing based on the G signal, NE signal

17、and the signals from other various sensors. When the ignition timing has been determined, the engine ECU sends the IGT signal to the igniter. While the IGT signal sent to the igniter is ON, the primary current flows to the ignition coil. While the IGT signal turns OFF, the primary current to the ign

18、ition coil is shut off. At the same time, the IGF signal is sent to the engine ECU. Currently, the main ignition circuitry used is the DIS (Direct Ignition System). The engine ECU distributes the high voltage current to the cylinders by sending each IGT signal to the igniters in the order of ignitio

19、n. This makes it possible to provide highly accurate ignition timing control. 3- 5 Spark Plug 火花塞 v1.1- high-voltage connector高压线接头 v1.2- terminal nut端子螺母v2- AL2O3 ceramic insulator 氧化铝陶瓷绝缘端子 v3.1- shell body外壳 v3.2- hexagonal part (壳体)六角部 v4- heat-shrinkage zone 热收缩区 v5.1- conductive glass 导电玻璃 v5.

20、2- suppression resistor 防干扰电阻器 v5.3- suppression resistance 防干扰电阻 v6- captive gasket 密封垫v7.1- center electrode或centre electrode中心电极 v7.2- composite center electrode Ni/Cu 镍/铜复合中心电极v8- ground electrode或 side electrode 旁(搭铁)电极 v9.1- cold (-running) spark plug 冷型火花塞 v9.2- low heat range spark plug 低热值火

21、花塞 v10- normal-running spark plug, medium heat range spark plug 中热值火花塞，普通型火花塞 11.1- hot(-running) spark plug 热型火花塞 v11.2- high heat range spark plug 高热值火花塞v12- bantam compact type spark plug 矮型火花塞 v13- standard type spark plug 标准型火花塞 v14- special spark plug 特种(专用) 火花塞v15- half thread spark plug 半螺纹火

22、花塞 v16- retracted insulator spark plug 绝缘体缩入型火花塞v17- insulator projected nose type spark plug,或projected insulator spark plug 绝缘体突出型火花塞v18- flat seat spark plug 平座型火花塞v19- conical taper seat type spark plug 锥座型火花塞 v20- spark plug gap 火花塞间隙 v21.1- reach 伸出长度v21.2- thread length 螺纹长度 v22- multi-electr

23、ode spark plug 多极火花塞 v23- iridium tip plug 铱尖(铱金) 火花塞 v23(a) - iridium tip 铱尖 v23(b) - platinum tip 铂尖，白金尖 v24- platinum spark plug铂尖(白金) 火花塞v25- blue strip 蓝条(共5条，白金火花塞标记，仅部分厂家用)Heat RangevThe amount of heat radiated by a spark plug varies by the shape and the material of the spark plug. The amount

24、 of radiated heat is called a heat range. vA spark plug that radiates more heat is called a cold type, because the plug itself stays cooler. One that radiates less heat is called a hot type, because its heat is retained. Spark plugs are printed (inscribed) with an alphanumeric code, which describes

25、their structure and characteristics. Codes differ somewhat depending on the manufacturer. Usually, the larger the number of the heat range, the cold plug, because it radiates heat well. The smaller the number, the hot plug, because it does not radiate heat easily. Spark plugs perform best when the m

26、inimum center electrode temperature is between the self-cleaning temperature of 450 C (842 F) and the pre-ignition temperature of 950 C (1,742 F). 3-6 Idle Speed Control System 怠速控制系统vLlvBypass Valve Control旁通阀控制式 v Direct Throttle Control节气门控制式 1- throttle position sensor节气门位置传感器 2- throttle 节气门3-

27、ISCV=idle speed control valve) 怠速控制阀 12.1- throttle-valve actor节气门执行器 12.2- throttle-valve DC motor节气门直流电机12.3- throttle control motor 节气门控制电机v4- throttle-valve assembly 节气门装置(总成) v5- water temperature sensor水温传感器 v6- crankshaft position sensor凸轮轴位置传感器 v7- A/C amplifier空调放大器 v8- electric load电负荷v9-

28、vehicle speed sensor车速传感器 v10- Neutral start switch空档起动开关 v11- starter起动机Idle Speed Controlv1. When starting vThe bypass circuit is opened to improve start ability. v2. When warming-up the engine vWhen the coolant temperature is low, the idling speed is increased so that the engine runs smoothly (fa

29、st idle). As the coolant temperature rises, the idling speed is decreased. v3. Feedback control and estimate control vWhen A/C is used vWhen headlights are used vWhen the shift lever is shifted from N to D or from D to N while the vehicle is stopped.vIn the above cases, if the load increases or chan

30、ges, the idle speed is increased or prevented from changing.3-7 Idle Speed Control Valve 怠速控制阀vA- step(per) motor type或 stepping motor type v步进马达型 v1- from air cleaner 来自空气滤清器v2- signal 信号 v3- ECM=engine control module 发动机控制模块 v4 - ISC valve=idle speed control valve 怠速控制阀 v5- intake air chamber 进气室v

31、6- to cylinder 至气缸v7- throttle valve 节气门 v8- by-pass port 旁通气道 v9- valve 阀v10- to air intake chamber 至进气室 v11- valve seat 阀座v12- valve rod 阀杆 worm 螺杆v13- stop plate 限位板 v14- from air flow meter 来自空气流量计v15- stator定子stator winding 定子绕组 v16- bearing 轴承v17- rotor转子，armature电枢 v18- connector 插接器，插座v19- b

32、imetallic element 双金属元件v20- air bypass 空气旁通道v21- valve body 阀体v22- permanent magnet 永磁铁v23- winding 线圈，绕组 ，helicalspiral coil 螺旋线圈v24- rotary valve 转阀 v25- to PS idle-up control valve 至动力转向怠速提升阀v26- return spring 回位弹簧v27- adjustable stop可调止动器Types of ISCVvThe ISCV is a device that controls the amoun

33、t of the intake air during idling using the signal from the engine ECU and controls the idling speed. vThere are two types of ISCV:vRotary Solenoid Type vThe rotary solenoid type ISCV consists of a coil, IC, permanent magnet, valve, and is attached to the throttle body. The IC uses the duty signal f

34、rom the engine ECU to control the direction and amount of current that flows in the coil and control the amount of air that bypasses the throttle valve, rotating the valve. vStepper Motor Type vThe stepper motor-type ISCV is attached to the intake chamber. The valve installed at the end of the rotor

35、 is in or out by the rotation of the rotor to control the air volume flowing in the bypass circuit.3-8 Electronic Throttle Control System电子节气门控制系统v1- check valve 单向阀 v2- activated-charcoal canister 活性炭罐 v3- canister-purge valve 炭罐清污阀v4- injector 喷油器v5- ignition coil with igniter独立点火器（笔式点火线圈）v6- CMP sensor=camshaft position sensor凸轮轴位置传感器v7- electric secondary-air injection pump电控二次空气喷射泵 v8- secondary-air injection valve二次空气喷射阀 v9- front ox