grapefruit葡萄柚

1、1How to overcome structural problems?Sentences of inverted order Placement of objectUnique patternOmission Word transferNew verb and noun phrases2Sentences of inverted order Never in history had technology made such spectacular advances. In the doorway stood a man with a gun.2. Placement of object I

2、 had either forgotten or completely ignored during the exciting years of the war my own black skin.33.Unique patternThese nations are less interested in colonizing than in exploring.These nations are more interested in colonizing than in exploring.( I m less ( more ) interested in driving than in sw

3、imming. ) This westward expansion occurred more (less/ not only) because the searching for better land ( but )than because the population was increasing.( I like football more because it is exciting than it is populous. ) 44. OmissionWhat if I fall off the bike again?He is a millionaire, and his fat

4、her without a cent.Although home to a huge desert, it still can get water from the nearby wells and rivers. ( be home to )5. Word transferWe must place you in a position of authority.You are well suited to the post we have in mind.56.New verb and noun phrasesI bought satellite receiver in the duty f

5、ree shop.Their efforts finally paid off.He always does his job in his own way regardless of final outcome.6Special Features of Western WritingTopic sentence ( subject, controlling idea )Supporting sentence (A)Supporting sentence (B)Supporting sentence (C)Concluding sentence7 Learn to define the topi

6、c sentence A well-trained teacher is not nervous, because she has the confidence which comes of knowing that she is fully prepared for her work. She can help all her pupils, from the brightest to the slowest; and when she realizes, from the silence of her class when she asks a question, that they ha

7、ve not understood what she has explained, she is able to repeat her explanation again in different ways. Above all, she must never cause her pupils to lose confidence; she must always speak to them encouragingly and8(1) Cattle are one cause of the problem. (2) In good years, farmers increase the num

8、bers of their cattle. (3) Then one year, the rains fail to come. (4) The farmers do not want to kill any of their cattle, so the cattle eat all the grass and anything that grows on the poorer land. (5) If this continues for several years, the grass never grows again and the land becomes a desert. (6

9、) One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the numbers of their cattle. (SB2,L34)9 Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to ones life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gas

10、oline in the family car before starting a trip. .10 Recently, some scientists have found out that human beings are not only made of blood and flesh, but also a clock-a built-in biological clock11How to identify the topic sentence in a paragraph:(1) 1) Tree products are used by humans in a variety of

11、 ways. 2) The fruits of trees, such as avocados(颚梨)，grapefruit(葡萄柚), and oranges, can be eaten or made into juice. 3) The trunks of can be used as lumber to build houses, for firewood, or even ground（研磨）to make paper. (4) Roots are chopped up and used in some countries to hold in soil and prevent er

12、osion (侵蚀).Topic sentence: _12(2) 1) Most trees live longer than other plants. 2) Some trees live for hundreds or even thousands of years. 3) Scientists have studied petrified(成为化石的) trees to learn about the ancestors(祖先) of todays tree. (4) Trees are the oldest known living plant.Topic sentence: _1

13、3(3) 1) Huge intercity trucks haul goods in door-to-door service. 2) Trucks work in combination with railroads, waterways, and airlines. 3) Trucks have given the United States the fastest and most flexible(灵活) transportation system. 4) Although rail, air, and water transport systems move goods over

14、longer distance, trucks carry more goods over shorter distances and provide the fastest, safest, and cheapest transportation system of all.Topic sentence: _144) 1) How can you protect yourself from the danger of lightening? 2) For one thing, when you are at home, keep away from the stove, fireplace,

15、 and windows. 3) For another, dont take a bath or a shower during a storm, as water carries electricity easily. 4) Third, if you are outdoors, get into a building or a car, if possible. 5) Fourth, stay off hilltops and away from any tree or tower that stands by itself. 6) Fifth, if you cant get away

16、 quickly from a beach, a field, or other open places, lie down until the storm moves away.Topic sentence: _15(5) 1) The bus arrives. 2) Its time to go. 3) We get on the bus and sit down in our seats. 4) My brother arrives too late. 5) He misses the bus and the trip to visit our aunt. 6) My brother m

17、isses everything.Topic sentence: _16Read the following sentences, and choose the sentence that expresses the main idea:A. Some dogs are used as Seeing Eyes dogs to aid the blind.B. Dogs, particularly German shepherds, are used as police dogs.C. Dogs can use their acute(敏锐的) sense of smell to aid in

18、searching for lost persons, tracking criminals and locating drugs.D. Dogs can be trained to do specialized jobs.172) A. Boating can be relaxing and give you hours of enjoyment. B. Rivers can provide many types of recreation. C. Some rivers are deep enough for safe water skiing and swimming. D. Fresh

19、water fishing is enjoyable and provides food to some families.183) A. She remembers anniversaries(周年纪念日)and graduations better than anyone else in the community. B. If she says she will lend you a book, its a sure thing that you will get it. C. Aunt Stella has a very good memory. D. She manages to remember clearly the names of her fifteen nieces and nephe