直接引语和间接引语知识点归纳

1、名师推荐精心整理学习必备直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为 “引语 ”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号 “ 标“出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：He said， “ I am very sorry.>He” saidthat he was very sorry.2

2、）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：“ You should be more careful next time,” my father >told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：She said to her son,“ I'll check your homework tonight>.”She said to her son that she would chec

3、k his homework that night.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：He asked me, “ Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?>” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓

4、语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：“ I am very glad to visit your school”> , she said.She said she was very glad to visit our school.Tom said, “ We are listening to the pop music.>” Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.Mother asked,“ Have you

5、finished your homework before you watch TV?>” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.He asked the conductor,“ Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?>” He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.“ Why did she refuse to go ther

6、e?” the teacher >asked.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.Mother asked me,“ Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?>” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.Tom said, “ We were having a football match this time yesterday.>” Tom sa

7、id that they were having a football match that time the day before.He said， “ I haven't heard from my parents these days.>” He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：He always says,“ I am tired out.>He always”says that he is

8、 tired out.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：He will say,“ I ll try my best to help >Heyou. will say that ”he will try his best to help me.3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：He said,“ I went to college in 1994. >He told ”us thathe went to college in 1994.4）当直接引语中有以when, while 引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：He said， “ When I was a c

9、hild, I usually played football after school.>” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Our teacher said to us,“ Light travels faster than sound>.”Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：He said， “ Practicem

10、akes perfect.”>Hesaid that practice makes perfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：The doctor said,“ You'd better drink plenty of water. >”The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.He said,“ She must be a teache

11、r. > He said”that she must be a teacher.He said,“ She ought to have arrived her office by now.>”He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.The teacher said,“ You needn't hand in your compositions today.>”The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have t

12、o hand in our compositions.She asked,“ Must I take the medicine? > She asked”if she had to take the medicine.注：此处用had to 代替 must 更好名师推荐精心整理学习必备Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon

13、.4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/thosenowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week (month )that week (month )时间状语yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month )the week (month)beforetwo weeks (month)agotwo weeks (months)beforetomorrowthe next daynext week (month )the next week (mon

14、th )地点状语herethere动词comegobringtakeHe said,“ I met Mr. Smiththis morning. 他”说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。” He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。He said,“ We went to the cinemayesterday . ”他说： “我们昨天去电影院了。 ” He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。Lily said,“ I will c

15、omenextbackmonth . ”莉莉说：“我下个月回来。” Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。He said,“ It is nine o'clocknow . ”说：“现在九点了。”他 He said that it was nine o'clock then. 他说那时九点了。He said,aven'tI“h seen her today . ”他说：“今天我没见到她。” He said that he hadn't seen her t hat day .他说

16、那天他没有见到她。She said,“ I went thyeresterday. ”说：“昨天我去了那儿。”她 She said that she had gone there the day before. 她说前一天她去了那儿。She said,“ I'll go theretomorrow . ”说：“明天我将去那儿。”她 She said that she would go there the next day. 她说第二天她将去那儿。He said,“ My sister herewas three days ago . 他”说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿。” He said t

17、hat his sister had been there three days before. 他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here there; ago before)She said,“comeIwill here this evening. 她”说：“今晚我将来这儿。” She said that she would go there that evening. 她说那晚她将去那儿。（ come go； here there； this that）以上这些变化 ,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here 就不必改为 there, come 也不必

18、改为 go,如果就在当天转述， yesterday 或 tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Father said,“ I amthisfreeafternoon ”父亲说：“我今天下午有空。” Father said that he was free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。He said,“ I am goingthere tomorrow . ”他说“我明天去那里。” He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。巧

19、记 :去掉引号加that ，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定名师推荐精心整理学习必备5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化1）陈述句。用连词that 引导， that 在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：He said,“ I have been to the Great Wall.>He said”to usthat he had been to the Great Wall.He said,“ I'll give

20、 you an examination next Monday.>”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that ）此外主句中的谓语还常有：said,也可用told来repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：He said，“ I'm late because of the heavy traffic.> He explained”to us that he was l

21、ate because of the heavy traffic.如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。The doctor said,“ You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.>”The doctor said （ that ） I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if 引导， 原主句中谓语动词said要

22、改为 asked（ me/him/us 等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。He said,“ Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?>”He asked（ me ）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“ You are interested in English, aren't you? >”He asked whether I was interested in English.3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whet

23、herHe asked,“ Do you speak English or French? >I asked,“ Will you take bus or take train? >or 表 达，而不用ifor， 也不用eitheror 如.：He”asked me whether I spoke English or French.I asked”him whether he would take bus or take train.4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时， 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：He asked， “ What'

24、;s your name?”>Heasked（ me） what my name was.He asked us,“ How many car factories have been built in your country?>He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.主句的谓语动词用”ask（ sb.）5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to 的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order,request 等。如 ask sb. to do，（由

25、肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：He said， “ Be seated, please.> He”asked us to be seated.“ Do be careful with your handwriting.”> He saidHe. toldme to be careful with my handwriting.“ Never come here again!”he saidofficert nearby. >The officer ordered t

26、he villagers never to go there again.“ Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the> teacher said.The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.6）有些含有 “建议 ”>、 “劝告 ”>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：He said,“ Let's have a rest. &g

27、t; He suggested” our having a rest.He said,“ Let me help you. > He”offered to help me.7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求， 建议意义时， 可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to dosth.等形式转述。如：“ Would you mind opening the door?” he asked>He.askedme to open the door.“ Why not going out for a walk?” he asked&

28、gt; us.He advised us to go out for a walk.或 He suggested we go out for a walk.8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what 或 how 引导，也可用She said,“ What a lovely day it is! > She said”what a lovely day it was.that 引导，如：或 She said that it was a lovely day.即学即练1. He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid

29、 how much. how much did I payD. how much I paid2.“ Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the filmB. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the filmD. whether I had seen the film3.“ Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to closeB. told to

30、; closingC. asked ; to closeD. said to; please close4.“ I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacherD. he was a teacher5. He said,“ Mother, the boy is very naughty._- ”verynaughtyHe.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that

31、 the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was名师推荐精心整理学习必备6.“ You ve already got well, haven t you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnB. whetheryouI had already got wellC. have I already got wellD. had I already got well.7.He asked , “

32、Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8.He asked,“ How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I

33、 getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along9.He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter isB. what the mater was C. what s the matter D. what was the matter10. He said,“ Don t do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to doB. said to me;

34、donCt. dotold me; don Dtdo.told me; not to do11. 我告诉他我丢了钱并会找到这笔钱。12. 她问我第二天有没有空。13. 我问她第二天去哪里去干什么。14. 他爸爸告诉他不要穿着新外套去爬树。15. 这个陌生人问我的名字是什么。16. 他说 :" 我把书落在你房间了。 "17. 她说 :" 他会很忙的。 "18. 她对汤姆说 :" 你能帮我吗 ?"19. "Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?" the young

35、 man asked.20. "I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition," the little boy said happily.21. "Light travels faster than sound," the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.22. "Will you go to the concert with me this evening?" Mary asked me.23. "What did you do here yesterday?" the old man asked my brother.名师推荐精心整理学习必备24. She asked what was the matter with me.25. He asked me if I was sure about that.1.D。 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。2.D。一般疑问句