虚拟语气导学案及答案

1、M6 U3Grammar Unreal conditionals 虚拟语气【学习目标】 Students are expected to learn when to useUnreal conditionalsand howto use Unreal conditionals .【知识准备】英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。条件状语从句分类条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不

2、大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。eg：1. If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus.2.If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.3.If I were you,I would go at once.4.If there were no air,people would die.以上四句中和是真实语气；和是虚拟语气【自主探究】一、状语从句中的虚拟语气(一 ) if 引导的条件状语从句1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.2. If I were y

3、ou, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.4. If he had come earlier, he wouldn t have missed the first bus.5If the headmaster came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.6If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be

4、 put off.7If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him.与现在事实相反与将来事实相反感悟：与现在事实相反与过去事实相反1. If I were a doctor, I might save her life without hesitation.2. If I stayed at home now, I could play computer games.总结形式：时态if 条件从句主 句与现在事实相反动词用过去式 be (were)Would /could/should /might +动词原形练一练： If I wer

5、e_If I had time, _译一译 : 1.要是他现在在这儿，我们就会问他关于这件事。If he were here now , we would ask him about it .2.即使她现在在这儿，她也不能解决这个问题。Even though she were/was here , she couldn't solve the problem.感悟：与过去事实相反精选文库1. If I had earned a lot of money last year, I would have bought a car.2. If the earthquake hadn happ

6、enedt in Wen chuan in 2008, many people wouldn havet lostfamilies.总结形式：时态if条件从 句主句与过去事实相反动词用过去完成式would /could/should/might(not) +havedone练一练： 1. If the farmer hadnt seen the snake, he _ (not put) it in the arms.2. If he _ (not put) it in the arms, the snake wouldn t have bitten him.3. If the snake _

7、 (not bite) him, he_ (not die).4.If my lawyer _(not be here ) last Saturday , he _(prevent ) me fromgoing .4如果我好好学习_如果昨天我听你的建议，_如果我更小心地开车，_如果上个月没下雨，_感悟：与将来事实相反1. In the future, if I had 10,000,000 yuan, I would buy a house.2. If the water in the Pacific Ocean were to be poured out, it wouldn t stop

8、my love.3. If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.总结形式 :时态if 条件从句主句与将来事实相反练一练：1. If everyone _ (help) those in need in future, the world would be a much better place.2. If it _ (be) fine this weekend, we would have a picnic.3. If I _(be admit to) a famous university in two years, I

9、 would treat you to a big meal.4. If it _(snow) tomorrow, we would go skiing.译一译： 1.如果我今天下午看见他了，我会告诉他的。2.要是我将来赚了一千万，我就自己建立一个学校。3.他要是敢解雇我，我就泄露他所有的秘密。（二）：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were, had, should 时, 可以倒装成：Were / Should / Had + 主+其他1. If I were you, I would try it again._, I would try it again.-2精选文库2. If he h

10、ad been there yesterday, he would have seen the film._ there yesterday, he would have seen the film.3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn t go out.tomorrow, we wouldn tgo out.注意：在省略句型中，只有had done 的 had 才能省略，实义动词had 不能省。1If I had time now, I would go to the library.Had I time now,. (误）（三）错综时间条件句：假

11、设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。1.If the weather had been fined, the crops would be growing still better.2.If you had followed the teacher s advice, you wouldn t be in the hospital.3.If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you _(know) what we aredoing now.4.I

12、f you _(take) my advice then, you _(现在就不会有麻烦了 )5. _ her husband _(kill) in the war, she would not be helping others with housework now.（四）：含蓄条件句：有时虚拟的条件不是通过条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 without, but for, or , otherwise 等，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。1. But for electricity ( = If it were not for electricity ), there would be no

13、modern industry.2. Without your help (If it had not been for your help), we could not have succeed.3. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.Key: 1. would not have put2. had not put3. had not bitten/would not have died4.had not been here /would not have prevented练一

14、练：填入合适的动词形式。1） Without air, there _no life on the earth. (be)2） He _ but for his teacher s timely advice. (fail)3） We _ the work better in that case. (do)4） He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he _an importantmeeting to attend. (have)Key:1) would be2) would have failed 3) would have

15、done 4) had【巩固提升】当堂训练：1. If you _ (speak) to him last time you saw him, you _ (know) what to do now.2. If I _ (have not ) so much work to do , I _ (not miss) the film last night.3. If you _ (hesitate) this moment, you_ (suffer) in future.4. If Mary _ (arrive) today, she must have started three days

16、ago.5. If it _ (snow) last night, it _(be) very cold today.-3精选文库6.- Why didn t he come?- He _but she didn t have time. (come)7.She would put on weight but she _(not eat ) enough.Key: 1.had spoken 2.had not had /would not have missed 3.hesitated /would suffer 4.arrived 5.had snowed /would be 6.would

17、 have come 7.didn t eat8. 如果我早上出门带钱了，现在就不如此尴尬了。9. 要不是你的帮助，我是不会成功通过考试的。10. 她感觉不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。11. 如果他没有生病并且错过了那么多的课，他就会取得更大的进不了。12. 如果不是你的建议，我们不可能克服这些困难。13. 如果不是窗户开着睡觉，你就不会感冒了。14. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则的话，我就会给他打电话了。15. 如果不是英语老师的帮助，我们就不可能赢得英语写作竞赛一等奖了。16.如果我们继续这样折腾地球，我们将来将无立足之地。单项选择1 Were it not for the snowy

18、 weather, we _all right.A. would beB. would have been C. wereD. may be2._more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been3.If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should callB. should not have been

19、ableC. were not ableD. are not able4.If you asked your father, you _ permission.A. may getB. might getC. should have calledD. maybe get5._today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves6._I you, I would go with him to the party.A. WasB. Had be

20、enC. Will beD. Were7.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be8.If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years.A. would have wonB. wonC. must have wonD. did have won-4精选文库9. There is a real possibility t

21、hat these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there was D. there having been10.If you hadn t taken such a long time to get dressed, we d_ there byA. beB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling11.George would certainly have attended the meeting, _ .A. if

22、he didn t gettireaflatB. if the flat tire hadn t happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flattened itself12.Without electronic computers, much of today s advanced technology _.A. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achievedD. had not been achie

23、ved13.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come14.If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told15._ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A. If, didn t leav

24、e B. Had not, leftC. Hadn t, left D. Didn t, leave16.If you _ smoke, please go outside because this is a non-smoking office.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. may17.If Sanlu Groupmelamine to the milk, the babiestoo much from kidney stone.A. didn t add; would not sufferedB. hadn t added; wouldn tferedhave sufC

25、. hasn t added; wouldn t have sufferedD. hadn t added; would have suffered18.If the printer_ break down under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.A. mayB. couldC. mightD. should19.I _ t he poor rabbit, but I didn t have the right drugs with me at that moment.A. savedB. had savedC. could sav

26、eD. could have saved20. . But for your timely warning, weinto great trouble. You know we re friends.A. would getB. must have gotC. would have gotD. couldn t have got21. - You promised to come to my dinner party last night but you didn t turn up.- I _, but something unexpected happened just before I left.A. would like to haveB. should like toC. am going toD. like to22. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job intervi