小学英语知识集锦

1、1 2 第一章时态小学英语时态要点总结一、一般现在时1 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。2 一般现在时中，没有be 动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。3 在一般现在时中，句中有be 动词或情态动词时，否定句在be 动词和情态动词后直接加not ，一般疑问句将 be 动词或情态动词放在句首。4 在一般现在时中，句中没有be 动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn t) ，一般疑问句在句首加does ，句子中原有动词用原形；主语为非第三人

2、称单数，否定句用do+not (don t) ，一般疑问句在句首加do ，句子中动词用原形。5. 动词+s 的变化规则一般情况下，直接加 -s ，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks. 以 s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es ，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes . 以“ 辅音字母 +y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es ，如：study-studies. 二、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+

3、动词 ing. 3 3现在进行时的否定句在be 后加 not 。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。5 动词加 ing的变化规则一般情况下，直接加ing ，如： cook-cooking. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing ，如：make-making, write-writing. 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing ，如： run-running, stop-stopping. 三、一般将来时1一般将来时表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。2肯定句： be going to +动词原形，如： jim is going to pl

4、ay football. 否定句： be not going to +动词原形，如： jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句：把 be 动词调到句首，如： is jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +be+ 主语+going to+动词原形？如： what is jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形？如： who is going to play football? 3. be going to 可以与 will 进行替换。肯定句： be going to +

5、动词原形，如： jim will play football. 否定句： be not going to +动词原形，如： jim will not(wont) play football. 一般疑问句：把be 动词调到句首，如： will jim play football? 4 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +be+ 主语+going to+动词原形？如： what will jim do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形？如： who will play football? 四、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般

6、过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was 。（was not=wasnt） are 在一般过去时中变为were 。（were not=werent）带有 was 或 were 的句子， 其否定、 疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not ， 一般疑问句把 was 或 were调到句首。3句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句： didn t +动词原形，如： jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加 did, 句子中的动词过去

7、式变回原形.如： did jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 +did+主语+ 动词原形？如：what did jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+ 动词过去式？如： who went to home yesterday? 4 . 动词过去式变化规则：一般在动词末尾加 -ed ，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked. 结尾是 e 加 d，如： taste-tasted. 5 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed ，如： stop-stopped. 以“ 辅音字母 +y”结尾的，变

8、 y 为 i， 再加-ed ，如：study-studied. 不规则动词过去式： am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote,draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-s

9、wam, sit-sat. 时态定义特征动词的变化规则一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作。every day morningusually often陈述句主要构成 : 1. 主语+be(am/is/are)+名词（形容词）2. 主语+ 行为动词 +something(事情) 一般疑问句：1.be(am,is,are )+ 主语+ 名词（形容词）2. do(does)+主语+行为动词+something(事情) 主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词的变化情况: 1. 一般情况在词尾直接加 -s ；2. 以 ch,sh,s,x或 o 结尾的词加 -es ；3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 ,将 y 改成

10、 i 再加-es 。例句（要注意否定句和一般疑问句） ：1.i am a teacher.i am not a teacher.2.he reads books. 3.does he read books?6 现在进行时表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作。now look listen肯定陈述 : 主语 +be(am/is/are) + 动词 ing+,. 一般疑问：be(am/is/are) + 主语 + 动词 ing+,?现在分词 ( 动词 ing形式 ) 的变化情况 :1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing ；2. 以 e 结尾的词 ,去掉 e 再加 -ing ；3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,

11、双写最后一个字母加-ing 。例句：i am reading a book now.7 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。yesterday morning yesterday afternoon yesterday eveninglast year last montha minute ago an hour agothis morning this afternoon this evening陈述句主要构成 : 1. 主语+be(was/were)+名词（或形容词）2. 主语+行为动词 的过去式 +something( 事)一般疑问句：3. be( was/were )+主语+名词（

12、或形容词）4. did +主语+行为动词的 原形+something( 事)动词过去式的变化情况: 1. 一般情况在词尾直接加 -ed；2. 以 e 结尾的词加 -d ；3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 , 将 y 改成 i 再加-ed；4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词, 双写最后一个字母加-ed 。例句：i worked.he was a doctor. did he read book yesterday?8 一般将来时表示将要发生的事情。tomorrowthe day after the next day next monday at the weekend tonighttomorrow n

13、ight tomorrow morning tomorrow afternoon陈述句主要构成：1. 主语+ be(am/is/are) going to + 动词原形+ 宾语2. 主语+ will + 动词原形 + 宾语一般疑问句：1. be(am/is/are)+ 主语 + going to + 动词原形+ 宾语2. will + 主语+ 动词原形 + 宾语例句：1. iam going to read books this weekend. 2. i will read books the next day.凡是在 must, mustn t, can, cant, lets, don

14、t, may,will,did,didn t ，should,would后的一定要用动词的原形！练习：根据提示填空jack and i are teachers. jack teaches english. i teach chinese. look,he is teaching english now. i am going to teach chinese this afernoon. last year,jack tought(teached) math class. we all like teaching lessons. 做英语题目注意1. 时态一致：2. 主谓一致：9 i am

15、you are she is i(you)+动词原形（ do） she+动词(s/es) 形式 3. 单复数一致：this is a book. these are books. there is some milk. there is an apple on the desk. there are some apples. 第二章词语一、动词行为动词(详见各种时态中)注意：现在式、现在分词（动名词、动词ing形式）、过去式、第三人称单数现在式（一般现在时）。be 动词 ,助动词。现阶段 be 动词形式有 : am, is, are, were, was, isnt, arent, weren

16、 t, wasnt。助动词形式有 : do, does, did, don t, doesn t, didnt。1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有 be 动词的就在 be 动词上变化 ,变 “ 过去” , “ 否定” ：否定过去否定am am not(第一人称“ i ” )was wasntis isn t (第三人称单数 ) are aren t (you 和其它复数人称 ) were weren t2. 没有 be 动词的就要加助动词 ; 10 否定过去过去否定do don tdid didn tdoes( 第三人称单数 ) doesn tdid didn t二、名词的复数。名词按其数

17、 ,可分两种 :可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词的复数变化规则如下: 1. 一般情况下 ,直接在词尾加 -s , 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens；2. 以 s,x,sh,ch结尾的词 ,在词后加 -es , 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches；3. 以辅音字母 +y结尾的,变 y 为 i 再加-es , 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries；4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的 ,变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加-es , 如:knife-knives,

18、wife-wives, life-lives；5. 以 o 结尾的加 -es 或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos；6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children。不可数名词，在应用中作单数形式。三、介词1. 表示地方、方位：on,in,at,under,2. 表示时间： at,on,in 3. 其他： for,to,of,with四、代词人称代词11 主语物主代词宾格形容词性名词性imyminemesheherhershe

19、rhehishishimititsitsityouyouryoursyouweouroursustheytheirtheirsthem例如： i（我） have a green pen.she（她） has a blue pen. my（我的） pen is longer than hers（她的 ）. her （她的） pen is shorter than mine（我的）. 特殊疑问词whatwhat is this?what is this in english?what is the matter?what is the weather like?what is the countr

20、y like?what is/was she/he/what do you like?what do/does/did you/he do?what do you have for?12 what colour?wh at class?what grade?what time?what day is it, ?what is the date, ?what do/does/did+?howhow are you?how old?how many ?how much ?how long?how do/does/did+?which +n .+ （be 动词 / 助动词） +?whose+ n.

21、+ （be 动词 /助动词） +?where+ v.（be 动词 / 助动词） +sb. +?when + v.（be 动词/ 助动词） + sb.+?who + v.（be 动词/ 助动词 /行为动词） +sb.+ ?why + v.（be 动词 / 助动词） + sb. +?有 can, will, must这几个词的句子， 所有的句型转换都在此词变化。表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。 常用疑问词： what、when、which、who、whose 、why、how、where 如何对划线部分提问：1、 将原问句翻译为汉语 （在读中要将划线部分重读） 。 如：his bi

22、rthday is on the 13 5th of may . 他的生日在五月五日。2、用汉语进行提问。如上句，应该问：他的生日在什么时候？3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。如上句when is his birthday ?五、数词： 1. 基数词： 2. 序数词：六、其他（ 同音词、近义词、反义词）近义词toilet wc listen hear class lesson everyone everybody glass cup large big glad happy like love little small photo picture purse wallet start be

23、gin home house learn study beautifulpretty usually often look see cycle bike near beside hi hello quick fast garden park desk table speak say talk river lake would like want go home come home be from come from take a walk go for a walk be good at do well in look for find of course sure a moment ago

24、just now take a bus by bus a lot of lots of many 同音词bbeebe noknow c seesea hi high i eye for four r are sonsun ttea ourhour uyou pair pear ywhy herehear there their 14 to twotoo bybyebuy right write redread( 过) arent aunt new knew(过) father farther blue blew( 过) who swhose 反义词big small black white f

25、at thin late early long short tall short bad good cold hot yes no here there far near come go open close sit stand cry laugh right wrong right left same different quick slow new old young old ask answer busy free day night up down 第三章句型三年级起点的英语，小学阶段共有8 册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7 种： to be 句型；there be句型；一般现在时句

26、型；现在进行时句型；一般过去时句型；情态动词 can引导的句型； be going to句型等。现以 58 册书为例，简要分析如下：一 to be句型 ：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中 58 册的句型主要有：1. who s your english teacher? mr. carter. 15 2. what s he like? hes tall and strong.3. is she quiet? no, she isnt. she is very active. 4. is

27、 she strict? yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. what day is it today? it s wednesday.6. what s your favourite fruit/food? 7. they re sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/8. when is your birthday? its in may.9. my birthday is in june. uncle bills birthday is in june, too.10. is her birthday in june? yes, it i

28、s. 11. what s the date? 12.this is zhang peng. 13. where is the cinema, please? it s next to the hospital.14. how tall are you？im 164 cm tall. 15. you are shorter than me. 16.you re 4 cm taller than me. 17.how heavy are you? i m 48 kg.18. im thinner than you, and shorter.19. what s the matter with y

29、ou? my throat is sore.20. how are you, liu yun / sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事” 。句型基本结构为： there is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。 there are+ 可数名词复数 +地点。该句型主要分布在第5 册的 unit 5 和 unit 6 中，如：16 1. there are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 2. there is a mirror, a bed and a big clo

30、set. 3. is there a forest in the park? yes, there is. 4. is there a river? no, there isnt.5. are there any pandas in the mountains? no, there arent.6. are there any fish in the rivers? yes, there are. 三 一般现在时句型 ：表示习惯性的动作或行为， 或现在存在着的状况。 句型基本结构为： 主语+行为动词 +其他。当主语是第三人称单数时， 要在动词原形后面加s或 es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，

31、在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do 或 does。这种句型通常有一些标志词， 如： usually often sometimes never always等。该句型主要分布在第5 册 unit2&3，第 6 册 unit1&2, 第 7 册 unit4,5,6, 第 8 册unit2 中。如： book5: 1. what do you have on thursdays? we have english, math and science on thursdays. 2. what do you do on saturdays? i watch tv on saturdays

32、. 3. i do my homework. 4. what do you have for lunch on mondays? we have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 5. i like fruit. but i dont like grapes.book6: 1. when do you eat dinner? i eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 2. when do you get up? i usually get up at 12:00 noon. 17 3. what do you do on the weekend?

33、 usually i watch tv and go shopping. 4. sometimes i visit my grandparents. i often play football. sometimes i go hiking. 5. which season do you like best? i like winter best. 6. why do you like summer/winter? book7: 1. how do you go to school, sarah? 2. usually i go to school on foot. sometimes i go

34、 by bike. 3. i like collecting stamps. he likes collecting stamps, too. 4. does she teach math? yes, she does. 5. does she teach english ？no, she doesn t. she teaches math. 6. what does your mother do? what does your father do? 7. where does she work? she works in a car company. 8. how does she go t

35、o work? she goes to work by bus. 9. where does the rain come from? it comes from the clouds. 10. where does the cloud come from? it comes from the vapour. 11. where does the vapour come from? it comes from the water in the river. 12. the sun shines and the water becomes vapour. 13. how do you do tha

36、t? book8: 1. my nose hurts. 18 2. how do you feel? i feel sick. how does amy feel? 3. you look so happy. you look sad today. 四 现在进行时句型 ：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是： now 也常用在 look! listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词（am, is, are ）+动词现在分词 (v. ing)。该句型主要分布在第6 册 unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. what are you doing? i m

37、 doing the dishes. i m reading a book.2. grandpa is writing a letter. brother is doing homework. mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 3. he is writing an e-mail in the study. 3. what is it doing ? it s eating bananas. 4. what is she doing ? shes jumping. 5. what are they doing ? theyre swimming. th

38、ey re climbing trees.6. are you eating lunch? no, we arent.7. are they eating the honey? yes, they are. 8. is he playing chess? yes, he is. 9. is she counting insects? no, she isnt.五 一般过去时句型 ：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式 +其他。标志词通常是： yesterday, last week , last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。该句型

39、分布在第8 册 unit3&4 中。如：1.what did you do last weekend? i played football. 19 2. did you help them clean their room? yes, i did. 3.what did you do yesterday? i went fishing. 4. did you read book? yes, i did. 5. did you clean your room? no, i didnt.6.where did you go on your holiday? i went to xinjia

40、ng. 7. what did you do there? i sang and danced with my new friends. 8. how did you go there？i went by train. 此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：book3 unit5, book 5 unit3中的： what would you like for lunch? id like some,六 情态动词 can引导的句型 ：表示有能力做某事， can 后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5 册unit4 和第 7 册 unit1 中。如： book4: 1. what can you do? i can sweep the floor. i can cook the meals. 2. i can water the flowers. 3. can you make the bed? no, i cant. 4. can you use a computer?