英语-计算机专业英语1

1、chapter 1 introduction to computers计算机引论1. when you hear the world computer, initially you many think of those found in the workplace-the computers used to create business letters, and other correspondence; calculate payroll;track inventory; or generate invoices.译文：当你一听说计算机这个词汇时，或许首先会想到工作场所的那 些计算机，用

2、来制作商业信件、备忘录及相关文件，用来打印工作单、管理库存和制作发票。2. a storage device is used to record and retrieve data, instructions,and information to and form a storage medium.译文:存储设备用来存储媒体记录和检索数据.指令和信息。3. software, also called a computer program or simply a program, is a series of instructions that tells the hardware of a c

3、omputer what to do<译文：软件是一系列指令所构成的计算机程序，该程序告诉计算机硬 件应该做什么o4. a utility program is a type of system software that perform a specific task, usually related to managing a computer, its device, or its programs译文：实用程序是一种系统软件，通常执行与管理计算机及其设备和 程序相关的特定任务。4 application software is available as packaged soft

4、ware, custom software, shareware, freeware, and public-domain software 译文：应用软件有套用装软件、定制软件、共享软件、自由软件和公 开软件。5. shareware is software that is distributed free for a trial period. if you want to use a shareware program beyond that period of time, you are expected to send a payment to the person or compa

5、ny thatdeveloped the program.译文：共享软件在一定的试用内是免费发布的。但如果超过了期限, 就得向开发该软件的个人或公司付费。6. public-domain software is free software that has been donated forpublic use and has no copyright restrictions<译文：公开软件是向公众捐赠的自由软件，没有版权限制。7 accessing sources of entertainment and leisure, such as online games 9 magazine

6、 9 and vacation planning guides译文：访问娱乐和休闲方面的资源，如在线游戏、在线杂志和在线和 度假计划向导。8. a web site is a related collection of web pages.译文：网站是相关网页的集合。9. the four major categories of computer are personal computer, minicomputers , nuclear energy research , and petroleumexploration.译文：有四种主要的计算机类型，即个人计算机、小型计算机和巨型 计算机。

7、10. for example, a supercomputer would be used for weatherforecasting, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration 译文：例如，巨型计算机可用于天气预报、原子能研究和石油勘探中。chapter 2 the internet andworld wide web因特网与万维网1. data sent over the internet via networks and communicationsmedia owned and operated by many compa

8、nies*译文:通过因特网发送的数据是经过许多公司所拥有并营运的网络及通讯媒体传输的2. many public locations, such as airport, hotels, schools, shoppingmalls, and coffee shops，are hot spots that provide wirelessinternet connections to users with mobile computers or devices.译文：许多公共场所，如机场、宾馆、学校、大型购物中心和咖啡店等，都是向带有移动计算机或移动设备的用户提供无线因特网连接的热点场所。3.

9、in addition to providing internet access, an online service provider(osp)also has many numbers only features.译文：在线服务提供商(osp)除提供在线访问外，还有许多仅接受 数字的特点。number only :仅接受数字4 a wireless internet service provide (wisp) is a company that provides wireless internet access to computers with wireless modems or a

10、ccess devices or to internet-enabled mobile computer or devices译文：无线因特网服务提供商(wisp)是提供无线因特网访问服务的公司，它向带有无线调制解调器或其他访问设备的计算机、能上网的移动计算机或设备提供无线上网服务。5. computers connected to the internet work together to transferdata and information around the world using servers and clients>译文：连接到因特网上的计算机共同采用服务器/客户机的形

11、式工作,在世界范围传输数据和信息。6. the internet relies on an addressing system much like the postal service to send data to a computer at a specific destination译文：很像邮政服务那样，因特网依靠寻址系统将数据发送到某一特 定目的地的计算机上。7 although many people use the terms world wide web and internet interchangeably, the world wide web actually is a

12、 service of the internet.译文：虽然很多人交替的使用术语“万维网”和“因特网”，事实上, 万维网是因特网的一种服务。8 to remind you visually that you have clicked a link, a text linkoften changes color after you click it.译文：为了可视的提醒已经单机了一个链接，在单击该链接以后，连 接的文本常常会改变颜色。9. search engines often respond with results that include thousandsof links to web

13、 pages, many of which may have little or no bearingon the information you are seeking.译文：搜索引擎常常以搜索结果相应，这些结果包含了成千上万条与 其他网页的链接，而其中也许很少有或没有与你所查信息相关。10>the purpose of an advocacy web site is to convince the reader ofthe validity of the cause, opinion, or idea.译文：宣传网站的目的是说服读者相信这些缘由、意见和想法的有效 合法性。convin

14、ce the reader of :使读者相信。11 a blog, short for weblog, is an informal web site consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order.译文：博客网站是一种非正式网站，是以日记的形式写的带时间戳记 的文章构成的，时间通常以年月日次序的倒序列出。consisting of :由构成；articles, or posts：文章；diary

15、 or journal： 日 i己，日志。chapter 3 the components in thesystem unit系统单元部件1 the central processing unit(cpu), sometimes referred to as the processor, interprets and carries out the basic instructions thatoperate a computer.译文：中央处理单元有时也称处理器，解释并执行基本的计算机操作 指令。2 for every instruction, the control unit repeat

16、s a set of four basic operations called the machine cycle: fetching the instruction or data item from memory, decoding the instruction into commands the computer understands, (3) executing the commands, and, if necessary,storing, or writing, the result to memory.译文：对于每一条指令，控制器总是要重复包含四种基本操作的机器 周期：从内存

17、中取出指令或数据项，将该指令翻译成计算机能理 解的命令代码，如有必要，执行此命令代码，将运行结果写入内 存。3. logical operations work with conditions and logical operatorssuch as and，or, and not.译文：逻辑运算是按照条件运行的诸如与、或、非等逻辑操作。4. the cpu uses temporary storage locations called registers to hold data and instructions.译文：cpu采用被称做寄存器的临时存储单元保存数据和指令。5 these st

18、ates are represented using two digits, 0 is used to represent the electronic state of off(absence of an electronic charge)and 1 is used to represent the electronic state of on(presence of an electronic charge).译文：这些状态可用两个数字来表示，用0表示非带电状态，用1 表示带电状态。6. american standard code for information interchange

19、 (ascii)译文：美国标准信息交换码。7. coding schemes such as ascii make it possible for humans tointeract with digital computer that recognizes only bits.译文：诸如ascii这样的编码方案能使人们与仅认识二进制的数字 计算机交互。8. one type of dram, called synchronous dram (sdram), ismuch faster than dram because it is synchronized to systemclocke译文

20、：有一种同步dram，因其与系统时钟同步而比普通dram快 得多。9 unlike a prom chip that can be programmed only once, flash memory is used to store programs on personal computers, as well as cellular telephones9 printers, digital cameras, and personaldigital assistant译文：与只能一次性编程的prom芯片不同，闪烁存储器用于个人 计算机、蜂窝电话.打印机、数码相机及个人数字助理中存储程序。1

21、0. cmos memory is nonvolatile memory used configuration information about the computer, such as the type of disk drives, keyboard, and monitor, the current date and time； and otherstartup information needed when the computer is turned on.译文：cmos存储器是用于存储计算机配置的非易失性存储器，这些配置信息包括磁盘驱动器、键盘和显示器的类型，当前的日期时间,以

22、及计算机开机所需的启动信息。llunlike rom, information stored in cmos memory can be changed, such as when you change from standard time to daylight saving time.译文：与rom不同，存储在cmos中的信息能被修改，正如将标 准时间修改成夏时制时间时所做的修改那样。daylight saving time,节约日光时间，此处指的是夏时制，在上个世 纪，我国也曾推行过夏时制。12two common connectors for serial are a 25-pin c

23、onnector or a9-pin connecton译文：用于串口的两种常见连接器是25针和9针连接器。chapter 4 input输入1 today, most program have a graphical user interface that useicons, buttons, and other graphical objects to issue commands译文：现在，大多数程序都有图形用户界面，采用图标、按钮和其他图形对象来执行命令。2 desktop computer keyboard usually have from 101 to 105 keys,whil

24、e keyboards for smaller computers such as laptops containfewer keys.译文：台式计算机键盘通常有101到105个键，而较小的计算机如膝上型计算机键盘的键数会少一些。3 keyboard also contain keys that can be used to position point on the screen译文：键盘也包含能用来在屏幕上定位插入点的那些键。4. common pointing devices include the mouse4rackbalb touchpad.pointing stick joyst

25、ick, touch screen, light pen, and graphic tablet.译文：常见的定位设备包括鼠标、轨迹球.触摸板、定位游戏杆、触 摸屏、光笔和绘图板。5 a cordless mouse frees up desk space and eliminates the clutter of a cord译文：无线鼠标腾出了桌面空间并消除了有“线”引起的混乱。6. an optical scanner, usually simply called a scanner, is light sensing input device that reads printed te

26、xt and graphics and then translates the results into a form computer can use.译文：光学扫描仪，通常简称扫描仪，是一种光敏输入设备，先读入打印的文本和图形，然后将结果转换成计算机能使用的形式。7. the density of the dots，known as the resolution, determines sharpness and clearness of the resulting image译文：点的密度也称为分辨率，它决定了结果图形的分辨率。chapter 5 output输出1. early int

27、el microprocessors were identifled with numbers, but a more recent series is known as pentium process译文：早期的intel微处理以数字加以区分，但是新的系列被称为奔 腾处理器。2 other questions will be discussed briefly.译文：其他问题将加以简单的讨论。3. in other worlds mineral substances which are found on earth mustbe extracted by diggings boring ho

28、les, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.译文：换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工 爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。4 these states are represented using two digits, 0 is used to represent the electronic state of off (absence of an electronic charge) and 1 is used to represent the electro

29、nic state of on (presence of an electronic charge)译文:这些状态可用两个数字来表示,用0表示非带电状态（负电荷）, 用1表示带电状态（正电荷）。5 most business computers are networked together.译文：人们将商用计算机组成网络。6 it could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television every thing is much more living, much more real.译文：可能

30、有人会指出，无线电广播同样也能做到这一点，但还是电 视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。7. a right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reacton译文：原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。8. when a document is scanned, the results are stored in rows andcolumns of dots called a bitmap.译文：扫描文件时，以位图点阵行列存储结果。9 if a hard disk has only one partition the hard disk is usuallycal

31、led, or designated, drive c译文：如果硬盘仅有一个分区，那么，通常称该硬盘(或指定)为驱 动c。lo.the size, or capacity, of a storage device is measured by the number of bytes (character) it can hold译文：存储设备的容量大小是以它所保存的字节数来衡量的。ll.some output devices accept the digitals9 while other require that the computer convert the digital signal

32、s back into analog signals译文：有些输出设备接受数字信号，而另一些设备要求计算机将数字 信号转换成模拟信号。12>monitors consist of hundreds, thousandsor millions of pixels arranged in rows and columns that can be used to create images.译文：显示器由成千上万的像素构成，这些像素以行列排列，用以生 成图像。13.when an electric current passes through them, the molecules twist

33、, causing some light waves to be blocked and allowing others to pass through, which then create the desired images on thescreen 译文：当电流通过这些分子时，分子发生扭曲，引起有些光波被阻挡 而允许另一些光波通过，然后在显示屏上产生了所期望的图像。14.active-matrix displays sometimes are called tft displays 9 nameafter the thin-hlm transistor (ftf ) technology

34、 they use.译文：有源显示有时称为tft显示，是依据其所采用的薄片晶体管(ftf)技术而命名的。“name after”：依命名。15the quality of a monitor display depends largely on its resolution, dot pitch，and refresh rate译文：显示器的显示质量主要取决于它的分辨率、点距和刷新率。16.1deally a monitor refresh rate should be fast enough to maintain a constant, flick-free image译文：理想情况下，显

35、示器的刷新频率应快到足以维持一个稳定的、 无闪烁的画面。17. to display color, a color monitor works in combination with avideo card, which is included with today，s personal computers.译文：为了显示彩色，彩色显示器是与显卡结合起来工作的，显卡就 安装在当今的pc内。18. the number of colors that a video card can display is determined by the number of bits it uses to st

36、ore information about pixel.译文：一个显卡可显示的颜色数是其存储每个像素所用的位数决定 的。19. a dot-matrix printer is an impact printer that produces printed images when tiny wire pins on a print head mechanism strike an inked ribbon译文：点阵打印机是一种击打式打印机，当其打印头机构上细针击打 色带时，就产生打印的图形。20. the pages generally have holes punched along two

37、opposite sides so the paper can be fed through the printer.译文：这些纸在其两旁都穿了孔，因此可将纸传送给打印机。21. printer resolution is measured by the number of dots per inch(dpi)a printer can output译文：打印机的分辨率根据其每英寸能输出的点数测定。22>standard thermal printers are inexpensive but the print quality islow and the images tend to

38、fade over time>译文：标准的热敏打印机并不贵，但打印质量低，且时间长了会褪色。23.a label printer is a small printer that prints on adhesive-type material that can be placed on a variety of items such as envelopes disks，audiocassettes, photographs, and toys.译文：标签打印机是一种在黏合材料上打印的小型打印机，这种黏合 材料可贴在信封、磁盘、音频磁带机、照片和玩具等物件上。chapter 6 storage存储器1. memory, which is composed of one or more chips on themotherboard, holds data and instructions with they are beingprocessed by the cpu译文：存储器由主板上的一片或多片芯片构成，用来保存当前正被cpu处理的数据和指令。2 storage, also called secondary sto