2019高考英语语法专题复习讲义——代词

1、1 / 10 2019 高考英语语法专题复习讲义 代词一、考查方式语法填空 : 1.a woman on the bus shouted，“ oh, dear! it s _me/mine_(i)”.2.a few hours _earlier_, i d been at home in hong kong, with _its_(it) choking smog.改错：1.he had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. 2. we m

2、ust found ways to protect your environment. 3. five minutes later, tony saw parents. 二、考查知识点1.人称代词1)人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：i like table tennis. （作主语）do you know him? （作宾语）3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-who is knocking at the door? -it s me. 4)人称代词在than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：he

3、 is older than me. he is older than i am. 2.物主代词1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。2 / 10 2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语，后面必须加名词。例如：our teacher is coming to see us. this is her pencil-box. 3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语，后面不能加名词。our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）- is this english-

4、book yours? （作表语）- no. mine is in my bag. ive already finished my homework. have you finished yours? （作宾语）3.反身代词英语中用来表示我自己 ，你自己 ，他自己 ，我们自己 ，你们自己 等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。人称必须一致1)作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。he called himself a writer 2)作表语。it doesn t matter. i ll b

5、e myself soon3)作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。i myself washed the clothesi said to me i said to him 3 / 10 i said to my self i said to himself 反身代词相关短语enjoy oneself make oneself at home make oneself understoodheard for oneself 为自己by oneself 独自地of oneself 自然地，自动地come to oneself 恢复知觉devote oneself to 致力于dress one

6、self 自己穿衣服the door opened of itself. the fire went out of itself. 4. 指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。1) this 和 these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和 those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：this is a pen and that is a pencilwe are busy these daysin those days the workers had a hard time 2)有时 that 和 those 指前面讲到过的事物，this

7、和 these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：i had a cold. that s why i didn t come. what i want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning english4 / 10 3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 或 those 代替，例如：television sets made in beijing are just as good as those made in shanghaithat 指代单数及不可数名词those 指代复数名词the use of

8、 “ it ”it 句型的归纳sentences with “ it ”1. 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物my pen is missing. i can t find it anywhere. jack is ill. have you heard about it? -who is knocking at the door? - it s me.2 用以代替指示代词this, that - whose exercise-book is that? - it s hers.- what s this?- it s a flag.3. 表示时间、天气、距离季节、环境、情况等it s ti

9、me for lunchwhen spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer. it s about two hoursfrom here to the zoo. it s winter now.it was very quiet (noisy) at the moment. 4. 作形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。it is exciting to find an ancient tomb. (代替不定式 ) it was wrong for you not to help her. ( 代替不定式复合结构) it

10、is believed that this man was from a rich family.（代替主语从句）5作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。he feels it his duty to help others. we thought it no use doing that. i find it difficult to solve the problem. 6用在强调结构中。常用强调结构“ it is (was) + 被强调成分 + that (或 who) ”i saw li ping in the street yesterday. 5 / 10 it -

11、 强调结构i saw li ping in the street yesterday. it was i that / who saw li ping in the street this morning. it was li ping that i saw in the street this morning. it was in the street that i saw li ping this morning. it was yesterday that i saw li ping in the street. 引导词- it 强调 not until 结构时将此结构置于it is (

12、was) that 句型中，that 后接肯定式。i didn t go to bed until i had finished my homework last night. it was that i went to bed. not until i had finished my homework last night it 句型的归纳1. it + be + adj. + of sb. + 不定式sb. + be + adj. + 不定式it s cruel of him to kill that animal.it is very kind of you to help us. (

13、= you are kind to help us. ) clever, bright, foolish, stupid, silly, wise, careful, careless, rude, impolite, nice, right, wrong, silly, good, brave, honest ,etc. 2. it + be + adj. + for sb. +to do it is difficult for us to learn english. it is important for her to come to the party. 常见的形容词有：importa

14、nt ， necessary， natural easy ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ，unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant ,etc. 3. it + takes + sb. + some time +to do 表示 “ 做某事花费某人多长时间”sb. + spend + some time + (in) doing 6 / 10 it took him some time to find the elephant. he spent some time (in) finding t

15、he elephant. 4.it costs + sb. + some money +to do 5. it is + no use + 动名词it is no use regretting your past mistakes. it is no use crying over split milk. it is no good learning english without speaking english. 能以动名词作主语的这类句子并不多，主要在以no good, no use, useless, worthwhile, 等词作表语的句子中用。6. it + be + adj. /

16、n. + that-clause it is very clear that he s tall like a tree.it is a pity that she has made such a mistake. adj: obvious, necessary ，right， strange， natural, true n: a fact, a shame, an honor, no wonder 7. it + be + 过去分词+ that-clause it is said that he has been ill for years. he is said to have been

17、 ill for years. 适用于这种句型的动词有report, announce, decide, learn, expect, arrange, suggest, etc. 8. it + looks as if / seems + that-clause it seems that they are talking. it looks as if he is ill. 用于这种句型的动词happen, turn out, appears 等it happened that she was not at home. it turned out that he was bush s fa

18、ther.9. it is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型中的that 从句用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，it is the first time i have been here. = this is the first time i have been here. it was the first time i had been here. 10. it + be + time + for 7 / 10 it + be + tim

19、e + (for sb.) + to do it + be + time + that 表示 “ 该做某事了 ”it is time for supper. it is time (for us ) to have supper. it is time that we had supper. that 从句中要用虚拟语气it s time that this problem was / should be solved5.不定代词some any onebothall eitherneither manymuch few littlea fewa little eachevery othero

20、thers the other the others another (1)some 与 any：some 一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；any 一般用于否定和疑问句中，但当any 强调 “ 任何 ” 时，也可用于肯定句中。同理， something，somebody，someone 的用法同some；anything ，anybody，anyone 的用法同any。one,both,all one 指人或物， “ 一个 ” ，其复数为ones, this is not the one i want.( 表语 ) both 指人或指物，“ 两者都 ”

21、 如：this maths problem can be worked out in both ways.( 定语 ) both my parents like this film. all “全部的 ” 、“ 整个的 ” ，可与可数或不可数名词连用，表示“ 所有的 ” 、 “ 全部的 ” ，指三个或三个以上的人或物。he gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。all the schools are flooded. 所有的学校都被淹了。注意： all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。none 表示三者或三者以上都不如：not all the ants

22、go out for food. 8 / 10 all the ants don t go out for food.并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。none of the money is mine. 这钱一分也不是我的。either 和 neither either 是“ 两者中任何一个” 的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither 是 “ 两者中没有一个” 的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：here are two pens. you may take either of them.( 宾语 ) neither boy knows french

23、.( 定语 ) many 和 much few, little; a few, a little few 和 little 表示没有多少，含否定意义；a few 和 a little 表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外， few、a few 修饰可数名词；little 、a little 修饰不可数名词。many 修饰可数名词复数形式much 修饰不可数名词each和 every each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体. every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。every student in our class has a dictionar

24、y.( 定语，强调班上“ 所有的人 ” ) each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）each of them has been there.（主语）the teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）we each got a ticket.（同位语）other, others ,the other, the others 和 another the other 表示 “ 两者中的另一个” ；(one, the other) other 意思是 “ 其他的 ” ，不

25、能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表泛指；others 可指其他的人或东西，相当于other+名词复数；后面必须不接名词，the others 特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other+名词复数。后面必须不接名词，another 修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“ （三个或三个以上的）另一个” ，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。后面可接单数名词he got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. 9 / 10 five of the pencils are red, the others ( the other pens ) a

26、re yellow. some students are singing, others (other students) are dancing. please give me another book. 6.相互代词： each other用于两者或两者以上；one another 用于三者或三者以上，在现代英语中它们可通用。7.疑问代词： what 指事或物，不强调范围；who(whom ，whose)指人； which 既可指人也可指物，但强调范围。8.关系代词： what，who，whom，whose，which，that，as，语法填空做题技巧有提示词，无提示词。有提示词：一般是填

27、人称.物主 .反身代词。先想想有什么变化形式，再根据句子的结构进行判断。无提示词：1.分析句子结构，若句子缺少主语，或者及物动词或介词后缺宾语，就可能是填代词。2.然后再根据各个代词的意义与用法的不同，选出符合语境的某一个代词填空。3.有的不定代词，如another, the other, many, much, either, neither, both, any, all, each 等还可以在名词前作定语。若名词前缺少定语时，根据意义和用法，以及主谓一致等，填入一个恰当的代词。习题练习：1. there is something wrong with my bike, but i can

28、 repair it by _. (i) 2. i d appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东 ) 3. is her hair shorter than _( i )?( 全国 ) 4.larry asks bill and peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do. 5.he got off the bus before me and i felt very

29、 happy the rest of the way home. i m glad i made a choice. it made _ of us feel good. 6. some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination. 7. “ then he took off, gave a big smile and said, that, so cool. 短文改错的做题思路及技巧代词的错用：性别错误；heshe 单复数； wei he/shethey 人称错误；you

30、i 主宾语； ime adj.物主代词 n.物主代词； your yours 反身代词与宾格错误；memyself 10 / 10 不定代词。itthem，itone （8）it 的错用（9） 增加或者删减1. i havent brought the dictionary with me. will you lend me your? 2. kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of hers. 3. he is too young to look after he. 4. they were both very tired, b

31、ut none of them would stop to take a rest. 5. to his surprise, li ping found the old man waiting for her. 6. i found that difficult to speak in front of so many people. 7. he covered his eyes with hands. 8. i borrowed two novels. one is written by luxun, and other is by dickens. 9. i ask him for some oil, but he hadnt some. 10. some people like to stay watching tv at home, while other like to go to the cinema. 11. although hes wealthy, he spends few on clothes. 12. the b