情态动词havedone的用法

1、“情态动词 +have done ” 的用法“情态动词 have done ”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：1 should (ought to) have 过去分词表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为 “本应该 ”；其否定形式为 “should not ought not to have 过去分词 ”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting , buthe didn t show up（.04广西卷）A. should have arrived B. sho

2、uld arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving解析 本题中的一个关键词but 暗示了 “ Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选A 。2 needn t have过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。As you worked late yesterday, you_A. mayn t B. can t C. mustn t D. neednhave come this morning. (06 t陕西卷)解析 He needn't have come，表示 “他本没有必要来（实际却来

3、了）”，根据句意，答案应选D 。注意 He didn't need to come yesterday，意为 “他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）3 must have 过去分词用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用cantcouldn t have过去分词。I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere .（ 05北京春季）A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been dropped”。解析

4、 本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（ 05天津卷）A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't解析 从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选 b 。4 may might have 过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能大概已做了某事”；否定句表示 “过去可能还没有做某事”。We have pro

5、ved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made inthe past ten years. (06天津卷 )A. needn t B. may not C. shouldn t D. mustn t Key:b 5 can could have 过去分词表示 “过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做 ”；否定句表示 “不可能已做了某事 ”；疑问句表示“可能也许已做了某事吗？ ”。- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .- Oh, did you? You with B

6、arbara(NMET 98)A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayedKey: A巩固性练习：从A、 B、C 、D 中选择最佳答案。1 - You didn t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?-No, but we _. He didn t return home atall.A. couldn t have waited B. needn t haveC. didn t need to D. should wait2 Harry _ have won th

7、e Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3 - May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o clock tonight ?”-“ I m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone4 - Tom took away our teacher

8、s cell phone without being permitted.- Really? I can t imagine that he _ have done such a thing.A. must B. may C. can D. should5 - Was it you that made the suggestion?- It have been. I can t remember.A. need B. must C. should D. may6 Theweatherturned out tobefine yesterday.I_ the troubleto carry myu

9、mbrella with me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken7 He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.A. could B. would C. must D. need8 I didn t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .A. mustnthave spoken B. mightn t hav

10、e spokenC. can t have spoken D. shouldn t have spoken9 - Hi, is that Peter Brown?-Sorry. You _ the wrong number .A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed10 I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _at least 150 kilometers an hour .A. s

11、hould have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have doneKeys for reference： 1-5 CAADD 6-10 CACBB高考 “情态动词 have done ” 考点解析“情态动词 ha ve done ”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用 “情态动词现在完成时”，即： would/ could/

12、should/ might have done。例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.高考题分析：1. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91) A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; couldC. had no

13、t been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb2. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. (NMET98)A. could have stay B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she _ something she wouldregret later

14、.( 96上海 )A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said答案简析：1. 根据信息词 yesterday 可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词现在完成时 ”，故答案选 C。2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadn t stay at a hotel while in New York,you could have stayed with Barbara.表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A 。3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔

15、的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选D。考点之二： must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是 “一定、肯定 ”。其否定形式分别用cant/ couldn 和tcan/ could 。例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。She didn t attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。巩固练习：He _hav

16、ecompletedhis work, otherwise,he wouldn tbe enjoyingseaside. ( 北京题 )A. should B. must C. wouldn t D. cantThis cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. (05辽宁26 题 )himselfby the . Should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?- So

17、mething _ to him. ( 05江西22 题A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happenedD. must have happenedI was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least150 kilometers an hour. ( 05重庆33题 )A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D

18、. would have doneI _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.( 05天津14 题)A. shouldn t B. couldn t C. mustn t D. needn t- Do you know where David is? I couldn t find him anywhere. (05湖北 32题 )A. shouldn t B. mustn t C. can t D. wouldn t1. I didn t hear the phone. Iasleep. (MET 89)A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been2