初三英语复习之 冠词与数词

1、一、冠词一、冠词By CarolineWarming Upn1. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have _ bed. nA. the breakfast in nB. the breakfast in the nC. breakfast in nD. breakfast in the C2. Beyond _ stars the astronaut saw nothing but _ space. A. the, / B. /，the C. /，/ D. the, the Bn3. Many people agree th

2、at _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.a/n4.-Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning。- Is it_ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.aan5. Xian was _ starting point of _ world-famous “Silk Road”.thethe1. 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法n(1) a和和an均用在单数名均用在单数名词之前，表示词之前，表示某一类某一类人或人或事物

3、。例如：事物。例如：nJohn is a student. nMary is an English teacher.n(2) 指指某一类人某一类人或或事事物中物中的的任何一个任何一个。例如。例如:nA steel worker makes steel. nPass me an apple, please.n(3) 指某人或某物，但不指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例具体说明何人或何物。例如：如：nA student wants to see you. nA girl is waiting for you outside. n人名前表示说话者对此人人名前表示说话者对此人不认识不认识n相当于

4、相当于“a certain某个某个”：n_Mr. Chen came to see you this morning.An 也可以指与某名人有类也可以指与某名人有类似性质的人或物似性质的人或物n He wishes to become Newton.nHe is Leifeng in our class.aan(4) nTake the medicine three times_ day.nThey go to see their parents once_week.aan以上情况均表示以上情况均表示“每一每一”的意思，相当于的意思，相当于every。n(5) nThey are nearly

5、 of an age. n他们差不多同龄。他们差不多同龄。n表示同一性质、特征、程表示同一性质、特征、程度或大小，相当于度或大小，相当于the same:nThe two shirts are of_ size. anBirds of a feather flock together. n物以类聚物以类聚n1. The train is running fifty miles _. nA. an hour nB. one hour nC. the hour nD. a hour An2. Wouldnt it be _ wonderful world if all nations lived

6、in _ peace with one another?a/n3. _ came that he had come back.nA. The word nB. A word nC. Word nD. WordsDn4. Have _ second cup of tea, please.a 定冠词用法定冠词用法(1) 特指某（些）人或某特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：（些）事物。例如：nThe book on the desk is an English dictionary.nBeijing is the capital of China.n(2) 指说话人和听话人都指说话人和听话人都熟悉

7、的人或事物。例如：熟悉的人或事物。例如：nOpen the door, please. nJack is in the library.n(3) Today Johns father bought him a new bike. _bike cost him 200 yuan. n上文提到过的人或事物。上文提到过的人或事物。Then (4) _sun rises in _ east and sets in _ west. n表示世界上独一无二的事表示世界上独一无二的事物。物。Thethethe(5) 用在序数词和形容词用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：最高级之前。例如：nShanghai i

8、s the biggest city in China.nJanuary is the first month of the year.猜一猜：猜一猜：nThe nurse is kind to the sick.nWe should take good care of the old.n(6) 用在某些形容词之用在某些形容词之前，前，表示某一类人或事表示某一类人或事物。物。nthe young nthe grown-upnthe blind nthe woundedn (7) 用在某些专有名词之用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。前和某些习惯用语中。nthe Great Wall, nth

9、e Summer Palace, nin the morning等。等。n(8) 用在姓氏复数之前，用在姓氏复数之前，表示表示“某某一家人某某一家人”，“某某夫妇某某夫妇”。例如：。例如：the Browns, the whites等。等。n(9) 在方向名词和某些表在方向名词和某些表示时间的词组或习惯用语示时间的词组或习惯用语前前non the right/ left nin the eastnin the daytime non the other handnin the end nin the middle ofnIn the morning/ afternoon/ eveningn(1

10、0) 在逢十的复数数词前在逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代表示某个年代nWhen he went to America in the seventies, he was already in his forties.nIn the 1870s, Marx began to learn Russian.n(11) 在乐器的名称前在乐器的名称前nThe girl is playing the piano.nHe often plays the violin in the evening.nThe girl with _ violin in her hand is good at playing _ v

11、iolin.athen(12) He is paid by _ month.then在表示单位的名词前在表示单位的名词前nThe room is rent by _ hour.nEggs are sold by_ dozenthethe3. 不用冠词的情况不用冠词的情况n (1) 某些专有名词，抽象某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：用冠词。例如：n China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。等。n(2) 判断判断nThat is my cap. nI have some questions.nGo dow

12、n this street.n名词前已有作定语用的名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时，等代词时，不用冠词。不用冠词。n(3) 复数名词表示一类人复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。或事物时，不用冠词。nThey are workers. nWe are students.比较：比较：nThey are workers. nThey are the workersn(4)称呼、称呼、职位职位、头衔头衔 的的名词名词,在用作在用作同位语同位语,补语补语或表语或表语时时,前面通常前面通常不加不加

13、冠词冠词nI dont feel well today, Mother.nBush was made president of the U.S. 名词所表示的职位、头名词所表示的职位、头衔，在某一时期衔，在某一时期只有一个只有一个人担任人担任时，它的前面通常时，它的前面通常不用冠词。不用冠词。nElizabeth，Queen of England，visited the city last weekn英国女王伊丽沙白上周访英国女王伊丽沙白上周访问了这座城市。问了这座城市。n如果名词所表示的职位、如果名词所表示的职位、头衔，在某一时期同时有头衔，在某一时期同时有一个以上的人担任时，名一个以上的人

14、担任时，名词前要用不定冠词词前要用不定冠词a/an。nMr. Li is a professor of history in our college.n(5)nI have _lunch at home.nHe often plays_ football after class.nWe have _English every day./n三餐饭的名称前，球类活三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。常不用冠词。n(6) 在某些固定词组里，在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例名词之前常不用冠词。例如：如：nBy air, at night, at hom

15、e, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。等。n(7) 与与by连用的表示交通连用的表示交通工具的名词前工具的名词前nby bike by bus nby ship by plain用冠词和不用冠词的差异：用冠词和不用冠词的差异：at tableat the table 进餐进餐在桌子旁在桌子旁 nin hospitalnin the hospital住院住院在医院里在医院里nby sea by the sea 乘船乘船在海边在海边 ngo to sean go to the sea当水手当水手去海边去海边ni

16、n futurenin the future从今以后，将来从今以后，将来未来未来non earthnon the earth 究竟究竟在地球上，在世上在地球上，在世上n out of questionnout of the question 毫无疑问毫无疑问不可能不可能ntwo of us nthe two of us 我们当中的两人我们当中的两人 我们两人（共计两人）我们两人（共计两人）ngo to school n go to the school 去学校去学校到学校去到学校去ntake placentake the place of发生发生取代取代nin front of nin the

17、 front of在在（外部的）前面（外部的）前面在在（内部的）前面（内部的）前面用定冠词和不定冠用定冠词和不定冠词的差异词的差异nas a whole= altogether non the whole= in general 大体上，一般的大体上，一般的全部地，整体全部地，整体nthe most important meetingn a most important meeting最重要的会议最重要的会议最重要的会议之一最重要的会议之一nthe third time na third time第三次第三次又一次又一次nin the distance nat a distance在远处在远处

18、稍远一些稍远一些nfor a moment nfor the moment一会儿一会儿目前，暂时目前，暂时n1. She is ill and now in _ hospital. Im going to _ hospital to see her.2. What will you have for _ lunch?/the/n2. He has _ teacher.nA. turned a nB. turned nC. became a nD. becomeBn3. Lesson 3 is _ most difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficu

19、lt lesson in Book Two.athen4. Joe, _ best runner, ran _ fastest in _ last race.the/then5. _ was invented in 1917.A. Radio B. A radio C. Radios D. The radioDn6. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public.the/n7. _ sun rises in _east.n8. Is this _ plane to _ Hong Kong?Thethet

20、he/二、二、 数词的用法数词的用法 About _students in our class can describe that place in English.A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifthsAn该题考查的是分数的表示该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分母用序数词表示。分子分子大于大于1时，分母应加时，分母应加-s。Nine _ pounds a week? Thats very good.nA. hundred of nB. hundreds of

21、nC. hundreds nD. hundredDnWe often have sports after class, and I like to play _ basketball.n A. a B. an nC. the D. 不填不填 Dn该题考查的是冠词的用法。该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选因此应选D。n4. This is _song Ive told you about. Isnt it _ beautiful one?nA. the; the B. a; a nC. the; a D. a; theCn该题考查的是冠词的用法。该题考查

22、的是冠词的用法。第一个空是第一个空是特指特指，特指我，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示个空是表示某一个类别某一个类别。所以应选所以应选C。n(1) 基数词在句中主要用基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：语、同位语，例如：1. 基数词的用法基数词的用法nThirty of them are Party members.n（主语）（主语）n- How many apple would you like？ n- Three, please（作宾语）（作宾语）nThe nine boys are from Tianjing. nS

23、ix plus four is ten. nWe four will go with you. （定语）（定语）（表语）（表语）（同位语）（同位语）n数词分数词分基数词基数词和和序数词序数词。基数词表示基数词表示数目数目，序数词，序数词表示表示顺序顺序。n(2) 表示一个表示一个具体数字具体数字时，时，hundred, thousand, million一律一律不用复数不用复数；在表示一个在表示一个不确定数字不确定数字时时则用则用复数复数。nThere are three thousand students in our school.nAfter the war, thousands of

24、people became homeless.nThey arrived in twos and threesn (3) 表示表示“十十”的数的数词的复数形式可用来表示词的复数形式可用来表示人的人的岁数或年代岁数或年代，例如：，例如：nHe is in his early thirties nHe died still in his fortiesnThis took place in 1930sn(4) 表示表示时刻时刻用基数词。用基数词。例如：例如：nWe get up at six. nThe workers begin work at eight.n表示表示“几点过几分几点过几分”，用

25、，用介词介词past,但须在半小时但须在半小时以内。例如：以内。例如：nten past tenna quarter past ninenhalf past twelven表示表示“几点几点差差几分几分”用介用介词词to, 但分数须在半小时但分数须在半小时以上。例如：以上。例如： ntwenty to ninenfive to eight na quarter to tenn表示表示“几点几分几点几分”还可直还可直接用基数词。例如：接用基数词。例如：nseven fifteenneleven thirty, nnine twenty2. 序数词的用法序数词的用法1）序数词主要用作）序数词主要用作定语定语，前面前面要加定冠词要加定冠词，例如：，例如：nThe first truck is carrying many books. nJohn li