ZZM有机化学后题答案

1、1会计学ZZM有机化学后题答案有机化学后题答案有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案a.b. 错，应为1丁烯c.d.e.f.错，应为2,3二甲基戊烯g.h.3.4错，应为2甲基3乙基己烯下列烯烃哪个有顺、反异构？写出顺、反异构体的构型，并命名。答案： c , d , e ,f 有顺反异构Cc. C2H5HCCH2IH( Z )1碘2戊烯 ( E )1碘2戊烯CCCH2IHHC2H5d.CCCH(CH3)2HH3CHCCHCH(CH3)2H3CH( Z )4甲基2戊烯 ( E )4甲基2戊烯e.CCHCH( Z )1,3戊二烯HH3CCH2CCHCH( E )1

2、,3戊二烯H3CHCH2f.CHC( 2Z,4Z )2,4庚二烯HH3CCCHC2H5HCHCHH3CCCHHC2H5( 2Z,4E )2,4庚二烯CHCH3CHCCHHC2H5( 2E,4E )2,4庚二烯CHC( 2E,4Z )2,4庚二烯H3CHCCHC2H5H3.5完成下列反应式，写出产物或所需试剂a.CH3CH2CH=CH2H2SO4CH3CH2CH CH3OSO2OHb.(CH3)2C=CHCH3HBr(CH3)2C-CH2CH3Brc.d.CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH-CH3OHe.+ CH3CH2CHOf.CH2=

3、CHCH2OHCl2 / H2OClCH2CH-CH2OH1). BH32).H2O2 , OHH2O / H+1). O3(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3 2). Zn , H2O CH3COCH3OH3.61己烯正己烷Br2 / CCl4or KMnO4无反应褪色正己烷1己烯3.7-3-HH有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案CH2=CHCH2CH3CH3CH=CHCH3或3.8将下列碳正离子按稳定性由大至小排列：CH3CH3 CH3H3C C CH+CH3CH3H3C C CHCH3CH3H3C CCH3+CH2 CH23.9 写出下列反应的转化过程：

4、C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH=CH3CH3C+CH3CH3H3CH3CCH3CH3+C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=C+H_3.10or3.11a.4甲基己炔methyl2hexyneb.2,2,7,7四甲基3,5辛二炔2,2,7,7tetramethyl3,5octadiyneCHCd.c.3.13a.LindlarcatH2C CH2b.HC CHNi / H2CH3CH3c.HC CH+ H2OH2SO4HgSO4CH3CHOd.HC CH + HClHgCl2CH2=CHCle.H3CC CHHgBr2HBrCH3C=CH2BrHBrBrBrCH3-C CH3f.H3CC CH +

5、Br2CH3C=CHBrBrg.H3CC CH + H2OH2SO4HgSO4CH3COCH3HC CH + H2LindlarcatH3CC CH + H2h.H3CC CH+HBrHgBr2CH3C=CH2Bri.CH3CH=CH2HBr(CH3)2CHBr3.14-4-有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-5-正庚烷1,4庚二烯Ag(NH3)2+灰白色1庚炔Br2 / CCl4褪色1,4庚二烯a.b.1庚炔2甲基戊烷2己炔1己炔Ag(NH3)2+无反应灰白色无反应正庚烷1,4庚二烯1己炔无反应褪色无反应正庚烷2己炔2甲基戊烷 Br2 / CCl42己炔

6、2甲基戊烷a.CH3CH2CH2C CHHCl (过量)CH3CH2CH2C3.15ClCH3b.CH3CH2C CCH3 + KMnO4H+ClCH3CH2COOH+ CH3COOHH2SO4HgSO4c.CH3CH2C CCH3 +H2OCH3CH2CH2COCH3+ CH3CH2COCH2CH3d.CH2=CHCH=CH2+CH2=CHCHOCHOe.CH3CH2C CH+HCNCH3CH2C=CH2CN3.16CH3CHCH2C CHH3C3.17AH3CCH2CH2CH2C CHBCH3CH=CHCH=CHCH33.18CH2=CHCH=CH2HBrCH3CH CH=CH2Br+CH

7、3CH=CHCH2BrCH2=CHCH=CH22HBrCH3CHBrCH CH3 +BrCH3CHBrCH2 CH2BrCH2=CHCH2CH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH2CH=CH2CH2=CHCH2CH=CH22HBrBrCH3CHCH2CH CH3Br第四章Br环烃4.1C5H10不饱和度=1有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-6-a.b.c.d.环戊烷1甲基环丁烷顺1,2二甲基环丙烷cyclopentane1methylcyclobutanecis1,2dimethylcyclopropane反1,2二甲基环丙烷 trans1,2dimethyll

8、cyclopropanee.f.1,1二甲基环丙烷乙基环丙烷1,1dimethylcyclopropaneethylcyclopropane4.3a. 1,1二氯环庚烷1,1dichlorocycloheptaneb. 2,6二甲基萘2,6dimethylnaphthalenec.1甲基异丙基1,4环己二烯1isopropyl4methyl1,4cyclohexadiened.对异丙基甲苯pisopropyltoluenee.chlorobenzenesulfonic acidf.氯苯磺酸CH3Clg.CH3CH3h.2chloro4nitrotoluenecis1,3dimethylcycl

9、opentane4.4a.HBrNO22,3dimethyl1phenyl1pentene完成下列反应：CH3CH3Brb.+Cl2高温Clc.+Cl2ClClClCl+d.CH2CH3+ Br2FeBr3BrC2H5 +BrC2H5e.CH(CH3)2+Cl2高温C(CH3)2Cl有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案f.CH3O3Znpowder , H2OCHOOg.CH3H2SO4H2O ,CH3OHAlCl3h.i.+CH3CH2Cl2+ HNO3CH2CH3NO2+CH3NO2j.+ KMnO4H+COOHk.CH=CH2+Cl2CH2ClCHCl

10、4.521.4.6CH3CH3CH3CH3+Br2FeBr3CH3CH3CH3CH3+BrBr+Br2FeBr3CH3CH3+CH3BrCH3+Br2FeBr3BrCH3CH3CH3CH3Br4.7b , d 有芳香性4.8-7-有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案a.BCA 1,3环己二烯苯1己炔Ag(NH3)2+C灰白色无反应A Br2 / CCl4B无反应褪色BAb.AB环丙烷丙烯KMnO4无反应褪色AB4.9a.b.c.e.f.ClCOOHNHCOCH3CH3NO2COCH3OCH3d.4.10NO2Bra.b.Br2FeBr3HNO3H2SO4Br

11、NO2HNO3H2SO4Br2FeBr3BrO2Nc.CH32 Cl2FeCl3CH3ClCld.CH3+Cl2FeCl3CH3ClKMnO 4COOHCle.CH3KMnO 4COOHCl2FeCl3COOHCl-8-有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案-9-f.HNO3H2SO4NO2CH3H3C2Br2FeBr 3BrCH3Brg.Br2FeBr 3CH3CH3BrKMnO4COOHBrHNO3H2SO4NO2COOHBrNO24.11可能为orororororor即环辛烯及环烯双键碳上含非支链取代基的分子式为 C8H14O2 的各种异构体，例如以上各

12、种异构体。4.12H3CC2H54.13BrBrA.4.14A.BrClBrBrBrClBrBrClBCD4.15Cl将下列结构改写为键线式。a.b.c.d.e.OOOHor有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第五章旋光异构5.4a.CH2CH2CH2CH3OHBrHCH2OHBrHHBrBrCH2CH3(R)COOHBrCH2OHHb.COOHHOOCCH CHBrBrCOOH( meso- )CH2CH3(S)COOHHBrBrHCOOHCOOH( 2R,3R )BrHHBrCOOH( 2S,3S )c.COOHH3CCH CHBr BrHHCOOHBr

13、BrBrBrCOOHHHHBrCOOHBrHCOOH( 2R,3S )COOH( 2S,3S )CH3( 2R,3R )BrHCOOHHBrd.CH3C=CHCOOHCH3CH3( 2S,3R )( 无 )5.6COOHHCH3CH2CH3(R)COOHH3CHCH2CH3(S)C5H10O25.7 =1C6H12A*CH2=CHCHCH2CH3CH3BCH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH35.10(I)HCOOHOHCH3(R)纸面上旋转 90oOHHOOCCH3H(S)离开纸面旋转COOHHOHCH3(S)- 10 -( 对映异构 )( 对映异构 )HCNOHOH有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小

14、兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第六章卤代烃6.1CH3Bra. CH3CH-CHCH3b.CH3H3C CCH3CH2Ic.Brd.Cle.ClClf.2碘丙烷iodopropaneg.三氯甲烷 trichloromethane or Chloroformh.1,2二氯乙烷1,2dichloroethanei.氯丙烯chloro1propenej.1氯丙烯chloro1propene6.4写出下列反应的主要产物，或必要溶剂或试剂a.C6H5CH2ClMgEt2OC6H5CH2MgClCO2C6H5CH2COOMgCl+H2OC6H5CH2COOHb.CH2=CHCH2Br+NaOC

15、 2H5CH2=CHCH2OC2H5c.CH=CHBrCH2Br+AgNO 3EtOHr.tCH=CHBrCH2ONO 2+AgBrCH2=CHCHOCHOKOH-EtO HtOH-EHKO光照Brd.e.CH2ClCl+ Br2NaOHH2OBrBrCH2OHClC2H5OHCH3CH2CH2CH3 + BrMgOC 2H5f.g.CH3ClCH3CH2CH2CH2Br+MgEt2OH2OSN2 历程CH3CH2CH2CH2MgBrOHh.ClCH3+H2OSN1 历程OHCH3CH3+OHCH3i.BrKOH-EtO Hj.CH2=CHCH2ClCH2=CHCH2CNk.(CH3)3Cl+

16、 NaOHH2O(CH3)3COH6.5下列各对化合物按 SN2 历程进行反应,哪一个反应速率较快?- 11 -有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案- 12 -a.(CH3)2CHI(CH3)3CClb.(CH3)2CHI(CH3)2CHClc.CH2ClCld.CH3CHCH2CH2BrCH3CH3CH2CHCH2BrCH3e.CH3CH2CH2CH2ClCH3CH2CH=CHCl6.6将下列化合物按 SN1 历程反应的活性由大到小排列bca6.7(a) 反应活化能(b) 反应过渡态(c) 反应热放热6.8ACH3CH2CHCH3BrBCH2=CHCH2C

17、H3C.CH3CH=CHCH3(Z) and (E)6.9怎样鉴别下列各组化合物？鉴别a,b,dAgNO3 / EtOHc. Br26.10CH3CHCH2BrCH3KOH-EtO HCH3C=CH2CH3H+H2OCH3CCH3CH3a.OHb.CH3CCH3CH3HBrCH3CCH3CH2BrBr 2HOBrCH3CCH3CH2Brd.Brc.OH Bre.6.11ABrCH2CH2CH3B.CH2=CHCH3C.CH3CHBrCH3HH有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第七章醇酚醚7.1命名下列化合物a. (3Z)戊烯醇(3Z)penten1olb.

18、 2溴丙醇 2bromopropanolc. 2,5庚二醇2,5heptanediold. 4苯基2戊醇 4phenyl2pentanole. (1R,2R) 2 甲 基环己醇(1R,2R) 2 methylcyclohexanolf. 乙二醇二 甲醚ethanediol 1,2 dimethyl etherg.(S) 环氧丙烷(S) 1,2 epoxypropaneh.间甲基苯酚mmethylphenoli. 1苯基乙醇1phenylethanolj. 4硝基1萘酚4nitro1naphthol7.3完成下列转化a.OHCrO3.Py2Ob.CH3CH2CH2OH浓 H2SO4 CH3CH=

19、CH2Br2BrBrCH3CH-CH2KOH / EtOHc.ACH3CH2CH2OH(CH3)2CHB rCH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2+CH3CH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH3BrCH3C CHNaB.CH3CH2CH2OHHBrH+CH3CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2BrOHCH3CHCH3d.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH=CH2OHCH3CH2CHCH3OHOHe.浓 H2SO4SO3Hf.CH2=CH2稀 冷 KMnO4CH2-CH22 OHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OHOH OHClCH2CH2OHHOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2O

20、HH2O+Cl2g.CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2CH2OHh.ClCH2CH2CH2CH2OHNaOHONaOHClCH2CH2OHHOHH+NaONaCH3CHCH3CH3CH2CH2BrT.MHBrCH3CH2CH2CH2BrCH3CH2OHNaOH1) B2H6 , Et2O2) H2O2 , OHHOH+7.5下列化合物是否可形成分子内氢键？写出带有分子内氢健的结构式。a , b , d 可以形成- 13 -H有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案a,NOOOHcis NOOHOtransHONOOOHNOOb.OHOH2CH3CCH3d

21、.OOH7.6写出下列反应的历程OH+OH2bab+a+_H2OH_ H+_ H+7.7写出下列反应的产物或反应物a.(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH+HBr(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Brb.OH +HCl无水 ZnCl2Clc.OCH3CH2CH2OCH3+HI (过量)+d.OCH3+HI (过量)CH2CH2CH3e.(CH3)2CHBr+NaOC2H5(CH3)2CHOC2H5+CH3CH=CH2f.KMnO4OHCH3(CH2)3C CH3Og.CH3COOHCH CH2CH3HIO4CH3COOH + CH3CH2CHOh.CH3OHOHHIO4CH3COCH2CH2CHOi.O

22、HCH3+Br2OHCH3BrBrCCl4 , CS2 中单取代CH3(CH2)3CHCH3OHj.CH3(CH2)2CHOHCH2CH3分子内脱水浓 H2SO4CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3+ CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCH37.8- 14 -H有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案- 15 -AOCH3B.OHC.CH3I第八章醛、酮、醌8.1a.异丁醛甲基丙醛methylpropanalisobutanalb.苯乙醛phenylethanalc.对甲基苯甲醛pmethylbenzaldehyded.3甲基丁酮methylbutanonee. 2,4

23、二甲基戊酮 2,4dimethyl3pentanonef.间甲氧基苯甲醛mmethoxybenzaldehydeg.h. BrCH2CH2CHOi.O甲基丁烯醛 3methyl2butenalOj.CCl3CH2COCH2CH3k.(CH3)2CCHOl.CH3CH2COCH2CHOm.CH=CHCHOn.C CH3Oo.丙烯醛 propenalp.二苯甲酮diphenyl Ketone8.3 写出下列反应的主要产物a.CH3COCH2CH3+H2NOHCH3CCH2CH3NOHb.Cl3CCHO+H2OCl3CCHOHOHc.H3CCHOHOOCCOOH+KMnO4H+d.CH3CH2CHO

24、稀 NaOHCH3CH2CH-CHCHOOHCH3e.C6H5COCH3+C6H5MgBrC6H5CH3C6H5C OMgBrH+H2OC6H5CH3C6H5C OHf.O+H2NNHC6H5NNHC6H5g.(CH3)3CCHO浓 NaOH(CH3)3CCH2OH(CH3)3CCOOH+h.O+ (CH3)2C(CH2OH)2无水 HClOOOi.+K2Cr2O7+HOOC(CH2)3COOHj.CHOKMnO4室温COOHHHHg , H+2)- 16 -k.有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案OCl2 , H2OOHCOCH2ClC CH3COOH +

25、CHCl3l.OC CH3+Cl2H+ HClCl+ClOHCH3m.n.CH2=CHCH2CH2COCH3CH2=CHCOCH3+ HBrCH3-CHCH2CH2COCH3BrCH2CH2COCH3o.CH2=CHCHO+ HCNNCCH2CH2CHO+CH2=CHCHCNOHp.C6H5CHO+CH3COCH3稀 NaOHOC6H5CHCH2C-CH3OH8.4a.ABCD丙醛丙酮丙醇异丙醇2,4二硝基苯肼有沉淀无沉淀Tollen 试剂I2 / NaOH沉淀无沉淀无沉淀黄色沉淀b.A戊醛B2戊酮C环戊酮Tollen 试剂沉淀A无沉淀BCI2 / NaOHCHI3无沉淀BC8.4完成下列转化

26、a.C2H5OHCrO3.(Py)2CH3CHOCH3CHOHCNCH3CHCOOHOHb.COCl无水 AlCl3COc.ONaBH 4OHd.HCCH+H2OCH3CHO稀 OHCH3CH=CHCHO H2 / NiCH3CH2CH2CH2OHe.CH3Cl2光CH2ClMgEt2OOHCH2CCH3CH3f.CH3CH=CHCHOOHOH 无水 HClCH3CH=CHCHOO稀 冷 KMn O4OHOOCH3CH-CHCHOH OHH3O+CH3CH-CHCHOOH OHg.CH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3CH2CH2CH2O

27、HHCN+H2OH2OCH2MgCl 1) CH3COCH3+1) HCHO2) H+8.5ACH3CH2CHO + CH3MgBrBCH3CHO + CH3CH2MgBr8.6分别由苯及甲苯合成 2苯基乙醇H有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案- 17 -CH3Cl2CH2ClMgEt2OCH2CH2OHCH2MgCl 1) HCHO2) H+光照BrMgBrOBr2FeMgEt2OH+H2O8.8a. 缩酮b.半缩酮c.d半缩醛8.9b.H3COOH+CH3CHO + HOCH2CH2OH+OHa.OHOOHOHOOHOHOc.H+OHOHHOHO+OH

28、OHHOHO8.10A.CHCH3CHOHB.CHCH3H3CH3CH3CH3COCC.CCHCH3H3CH3C8.11OCH38.12ACH3CH-C-CH2CH3CH3OB.CHH3CH3CCHCH2CH3OHC.CH3CH3CCHCH2CH3D.CH3CH2CHOE.CH3COCH38.13BrBrHOOCCOOHOAOBOCODH- 18 -有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第九章 羧酸及其衍生物9.1 a. 2甲基丙酸2Methylpropanoic acid(异丁酸 Isobutanoic acid )b. 邻羟基苯甲酸（水杨酸）oHydrox

29、ybenzoic acidc. 2丁烯酸 2Butenoic acidd3溴丁酸3Bromobutanoic acide. 丁酰氯Butanoyl Chloridef.丁酸酐Butanoic anhydrideg. 丙酸乙酯 Ethyl propanoateh.乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetatei. 苯甲酰胺Benzamidej. 顺丁烯二酸Maleic acids.COt.H3CCOk.COOCH3COOCH3l.HCOOCH(CH3)2m.CH3CH2CONHCH39.29.3gabcfehd写出下列反应的主要产物a.Na2Cr2O7-H2SO4COOHCOOH+COOHCOOHb.(

30、CH3)2CHOH+COOCH(CH 3)2H3CCOClH3Cc.HOCH2CH2COOHLiAlH4HOCH2CH2CH2OHd.NCCH2CH2CN+H2ONaOHOOCCH2CH2COOH+HOOCCH2CH2COOHe.CH2COOHCH2COOHBa(OH) 2Of.CH3COCl+CH3无水 AlCl3CH3COCH3+CH3COCH3g.(CH3CO)2O+OHOCOCH 3h.CH3CH2COOC 2H5NaOC 2H5CH3CH2COCHCOOC 2H5CH3i.CH3COOC2H5+CH3CH2CH2OH+CH3COOCH 2CH2CH3+C2H5OHj.CH3CH(CO

31、OH)2CH3CH2COOHk.COOH+HClClCOOH+ CO2H有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案- 19 -l.2HOCH2CH2OH+COOCH2CH2OOCm.COOHLiAlH4CH2OHCOOH +n.HCOOH+OHHCOOH+NaOC2H5Oo.p.NCH2CH2COOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5CONH2OHNCOOC2H5COO +q.CH2(COOC2H5)2+H2NCONH2HNNHNH3OOO9.4a.KmnO4 b.FeCl3 c.Br2 or KmnO4d.FeCl3 2,4-二硝基苯肼或 I2 / NaOH9.5

32、完成下列转化：a.OCNOHH+COOHOHb.CH3CH2CH2BrCNCH3CH2CH2CNCH3CH2CH2COOHc.(CH3)2CHOHCrO3.(Py)2(CH3)2C O(CH3)2CCNH+(CH3)2CCOOHOHd.CH3CH3KMnO4COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHBa(OH)2OHOOOOOOe.(CH3)2C=CH2HBr(CH3)3CBrMgEt2O(CH3)3CMgBrf.CH3BrAlCl3CH3KMnO4COOHBr2FeCOOHBrg.HCCHH2OH+ , Hg2+CH3CHOKMnO4CH3COOHCH3CH2OHH+CH3COOC2H5HCNH2OH

33、CN1) CO2(CH3)3CCOOH2) H+ / H2OH2OH+H2OH3O1) EtONa浓 OHCH2CH2CH31) OHH ,H- 20 -h.有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案OHNO3HOOC(CH2)4COOHOi.CH3CH2COOHLiAlH4CH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH或H+CH3COCH2COOC2H5 CH3 CO CH COOC2H5CH3(CH2)3COOHj.CH3COOHCl2PCH2COOH

34、ClCNCH2COOHCNEtOH+CH2(COOC2H5)2k.OOONH3CH2COONH4CH2CONH2(CH3CO)2Ol.m.CO2CH3OHCH3CH2COOH+H2OSOCl2COOHOHCH3CH2COClOHCOOHOOCCH3CH3CH2COOn.CH3CH(COOC2H5)2CH3CH2COOHO KMnO42) CH3CH2CH2Br+2) H+ 3)9.6己醇A已酸 B对甲苯酚 CNaHCO3 水溶液水相已酸钠HCl已酸 B有机相已醇对甲苯酚NaOH水相 HCl酚钠有机相 已醇 A酚CCOOHCOOH9.7COOHCOOHCOOHCOOH HOOCCOOH HOOC

35、HCH3CH2COOHCOOHHOOC(Z)易成酐 (E) 不易 (Z) 易成酐 (E) 不易成酐9.8A.CH2COOHCH2COOHB.OOOC.H2C COCH3H2C COCH3OOD.CH2CH2OHCH2CH2OHCH2COO有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第十章 取代酸n. 4-氧代戊酸（4oxopentanoic acid)10.1 m. 3-氯丁酸（3-Chlorobutanoic acid）10.2a.(A)CH3CH2CH2COCH2COOCH3OHCOOHCH3CHCOOH(B)(C)FeCl3ABC显色不显色Na2CO3A溶解，

36、有气体B无变化OH10.3 写出下列反应的主要产物：a.b.CH3COCHCOOC2H5CH3CH3COCHCO2CH3CH2CO2CH3c.CH3CH2CHCOOHOHHCOOCHCCOCH3CH2CH2CH3d.COOCH3COCH3稀 H+1) 稀 OH-2) H+ , H2O浓 NaOHCH3COCH2CH3_ + CH3COO + CH3OHCH2COOOCH3 + CO2+ CH3OHOCe.OCH2CH2CH3COOHOCH2CH2CH3f.HOOCCH2COCCOOHCH3CH3CH3COCH(CH3)2NaOH-H2Og.h.CH3CH2CHCOOHClCH3CHCH2COO

37、HCH3CH2CHCOONaOHCH3CH=CHCOOHOOHOCH3NaOH-H 2O CH3CHCH2COONaCH2OHi.+ CO2j.OHCH3CH3CH2CCOOH稀 H2SO4k.稀 H2SO4+HCOOHOCH3CH2CCH3l.CH3CH2COCO2HCH3CHCOCO2HCH3CH3CH2CHOCH3CHCOOHCH3- 21 -CO2+ CO2) HCH2COCH3 2) H1) 稀 OH-H- 22 -COOHCOOHCOOHO有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案OOm.n.OOOOo,CH3CH2COOH+Cl2PCH3CHCOOH

38、1) NaOH,2) HCl,Cl10.5 完成下列转化：a.BrCH2(CH2)2CH2CO2HNaOHOOb.OCO2CH3EtOC2H5ClCH2COCH3OCO2CH3OCH2COCH3c.CH3COOHCH3CH2OH+CH3COOC 2H5NaOC 2H5CH3COCH2COOC2H5CH3COCCOOC2H5CH3CO+ ,1) NaOC 2H52) BrCH2CH2CH2Br1) OH-2) H+,d.CH3COOC2H5NaOC2H5CH3COCH2COOC2H5CH3CH3COCHCOOC2H5NaOC2H5COCH3CH3CCOOOC2H5CH3CHCOOC2H5CH3C

39、HCOOHCH3CHCOOH1) NaOC2H52) BrCH32) CH3CHCOOC2H5Br1)+_1) 浓OH ,2) HCH3CHCH2CH3CH3CHOCH3COO NH4NHCOCH3 H有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案- 23 -第十一章含氮化合物11.2a. 硝基乙烷b.p亚硝基甲苯c.N乙基苯胺d.对甲苯重氮氢溴酸盐或溴化重氮对甲苯e.邻溴乙酰苯胺f. 丁腈g. 对硝基苯肼h. 1,6己二胺i. 丁 二 酰 亚 胺j. 亚 硝 基 二 乙 胺k. 溴 化 十 二 烷 基 苄 基 二 甲 铵m. HOCH2CH2NH2n.l. (CH3

40、)3N+CH2CH2OHOH(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OCOCH3OHo. HOCH(OH)CH2NHCH3HOp.(CH3)2CHCH2NH2r.N,N-二甲基乙胺q.NHH2N-C-NH2HO11.4OHHOHHONH3CHH3CH3CH NH3Ca 中有三种氢键b. 中只有一种氢键H3CH3C N HHHH3CH3C NH11.5如何解释下列事实？a. 因为在苄胺中，未与苯环直接相连，其孤对电子不能与苯环共轭，所以碱性与烷基胺基本相似。NH2H3C中，硝基具有强的吸电子效应。 -NH2 中N上孤对电子更多地偏向苯环，所以与苯胺相比,其碱性更弱。b. O2N而NH2 中，甲基具有一定的给

41、电子效应，使 -NH2 中N上电子云密度增加，所以与苯胺相比,其碱性略强.11.6+_CH3CH(NH2)CH2CH3(+)酒石酸胺 (+)胺 (+)酸盐酸盐(+)(-)拆分,而后再分别加 NaOH 析出胺.物理性质不同可11.9完成下列转化：a.HNO3H2SO4NO2NH2b.NH2(CH3CO)2ONHCOCH3HNO3 O2N+NH2O2NFe + HClc.CH3COOHCH3COOHP2O5SOCl2(CH3CO)2OCH3COClNH3NH3CH3CONH2CH3CONH2CH3COOHNH3 +CH3CONH2d.2ClSOCl2NH3CH3CH(OH)CHCH3NH2CH3C

42、HCH2CH3CH3CH2OHHClCH3CH2ClCrO3(Py)2MgCH3CH2MgClEt2O1) CH3CH2MgCl+N Cl0-5 CN2 Cl0-5 C有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案NHOOKOHNKOOOOCH3NCHCH2CH3H+COOHCOOH+ CH3CHCH2CH3ClCH3CHCH2CH3NH2NH2(CH3CO)2ONHCOCH3NO2NH2NH2Br+-BrNH2+NBrNH2Ne.f.Fe + HClBr2 , FeNO2Fe + HClBrNaNO2+ HCl0弱 HCH3g.HNO3CH3Fe + HClCH3N

43、aNO2+ HCl0N2+Cl-H3COH-NO2NOHH3CH2NHON11.10NHNNCH3a.OCb.NOCH3Cc.H3CCH3+Nd.NCOCOOHH3C+NCH3CH2NCONHNCH3f.Ne.OSOg.NNOH3C+Nh.H3C+H2+N ClH_CH3NO2H_11.11- 24 -(CH3)3N+CH2CH2CH2CH3 + Cl+ Na + OHa.有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案CH3NH2NHCH3COOHOH(A)(B)(D)NaOHCOOH(C)ABCDH3CSO2ClNaOHFeCl3ABDC不溶不溶可溶可溶显色不显色b

44、.(CH3)3N HCl(A)(CH3CH2)4N+Br (B)AgNO3AgClAgBr黄白 AB或者用 NaOHA分层 均相由于三甲胺 b. p. 3,可能逸出,也可能部分溶于 NaOH,所以用 AgNO3 作鉴别较好.11.12写出下列反应的主要产物：a.(C2H5)3N+ CH3CHCH3Br(C2H5)3N+ CHCH3CH3Brb.(CH3)3N+CH2CH2CH2CH3Cl + NaOH+ c.CH3CH2COClCH3NHCH3+ H3CCH3CH2CONCH3d.N(C2H5)2+HNO2N(C2H5)2NO11.13ABNH2CNH3CH3CSO2ClN使用 Hinsber

45、g 反应.(注意分离提纯和鉴别程序的不同)NHCH3CH3SO2NHSO2NCH3CH3 (D)CH3 (E)蒸镏除去C NaOH 水洗除 ECH3有机相CH3NSO2H3CCH3H+CH3NH 。HClOHNHCH3纯(D)11.15将苄胺、苄醇及对甲苯酚的混合物分离为三种纯的组分。- 25 -有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案- 26 -CH2NH2CH2OH(A)(B)CH3HO(C)NaOH 水溶液有机相水相ABC 的钠盐水相有机相HClA 的盐酸盐BANaOH稀 HClC再进一步分别纯化11.16 = 0饱和胺B 具有CH3CHC4H9OH(可进

46、行碘仿反应）C(C6H12)KMnO4所以 C 为 CH3CH=CHCHCH3CH3倒推回去CH3COOH + CH3CHCOOHCH3CH3BA6 2+2+1-152CH3CHCH2CHOHCH3CH3CH3CHCH2CHNH2CH3第十二章含硫和含磷有机化合物12.6 由指定原料及其它无机试剂写出下列合成路线。a.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHHClCH3CH2CH2CH2ClNa2SCH3CH2CH2CH2SCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2SO2CH2CH2CH2CH3b.CH3浓 H2SO4SO3HNO2CH3HNO3H2SO4H3CH3CNH2Fe + HCl H3CS

47、O2NHH3CCH3KMnO4or CH3CO3HPCl3SO2ClH3C有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第十三章碳水化合物13.11CHOCH2OHCHOCH2OHCH2OHOCH2OH13.12e. Tollen 试剂a. Bendict 试剂; b. I2c. I2d. Br2_H2O13.13写出下列反应的主要产物或反应物：CHOa.NaOHH2OCH2OHOCHOCH2OHCH2OHOHOCH2OHAg(NH3)2+b.CH2OHCOOHCH2OHc.OHOH2COOCH3HOH2CCH3OH无水 HClOBr2-H2OCH2OHOCOOHd.

48、( -麦芽糖)CH2OHOHOCH2OHOCH2OHOe.CH2OHOOOHOCH2OHOCOOH+Ag(NH3)2CH2OH( -纤维二糖）CH2OHOf.CHOCH2OHHNO3COOHCOOH13.14- 27 -NaOHd.(CH3O)2SO4a.O2-HBr2C 2H 5无有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案- 28 -CHOCH2OHCH2OHOD- 甘露糖CH2OCH3OOCH3 OCH3OCH3CH2OHOAcOAcOCHOOAcOAcCH2OAcCOOHCH2OHCH2OHCH2OHCOOHCOOHf. NaBH4h. 催化氢化b. HNO

49、3e. (CH3CO)2O5 HCOOH+1 HCHOlOHHC水j. HIO4c稀liHCOHOCH2CH3OCH2CH3+COOHCH2OHg.HCN , 再酸性水解CH2OHOOH+ C2H5OHCOOHCH2OH13.15如 D- 葡萄糖呈五员环状，则OCH 2 OHOCH 2OH(CH 3)2SO 4NaOHOCH 3OOCH 3OOCH 3CH 2OCH 3HNO 3COOHOCH 3CH 2 OCH 3COOHOCH 3H3COCOOH无水 HClCH 3OH稀 HCl+HOCH 2OCH 3H3COH 3CO OH OCH 3 OCH 3OHHHOCH 3OOCH 3CHOOC

50、H 3OHOCH 3CH 2OCH 313.19a.D- 葡萄糖CH2OHOb. 不反应c. 不反应OHd.甲基化OCH3CH2OCH3OOCH3OOCH3OCH3OHOOn13.20ONH2OOHOHOHOH2Ca.HOOHOH2CNH2OHOH2COHOnb._+NH3ClOH- 29 -有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第十四章 氨基酸、多肽与蛋白质14.2COOHNCOOHOb.a.Oc.CH2-CH-COOH+OH NH3CH2-CH-COOOH NH2d. HOOC-CH2-CH-COOH+NH3OOC-CH2-CH-COONH2+NH2CH2

51、CHCOOH+NH3CH2CHCOO NH214.3a.CH3CHCOOHNH2(A)(B)H2NCH2CH2COOHNH2 (C)NaOH可溶不溶(分层)ABC茚三酮反应显色不显色ABb.NH2苏氨酸丝氨酸H3CCH-CHCOOHOH NH2HOCH2CHCOOHI2/NaOHCHI3无变化c.乳酸H3CCHCOOHOH丙氨酸H3CCHCOOHNH2茚三酮显色不显色14.4(CH3)2CHCH(NH 2)COOHH2N(CH 2)4CH(NH 2)COOHNH2主要存在形式(CH 3)2CHCH(NH 2)COO H2N(CH 2)4CHCOO IPIP5.969.74PH=8时PH=10时

52、a.b.缬氨酸赖氨酸CH2-CHCOOHOH NH2c.丝氨酸IP5.68PH=1时CH2-CHCOOHOH +NH3HOOC(CH2)2CHCOOHHOOC(CH2)2CHCOOHNH2d.谷氨酸IP 3.22PH=3时+NH314.5写出下列反应的主要产物a.CH3CHCO2C2H5+H2ONH2HClCH3CHCOOH+NH3Clb.CH3CHCO2C2H5+NH2(CH3CO)2OCH3CHCO2C2H5NHCOCH3c.CH3CHCONH2NH2+HNO2 (过量)CH3CHCOOHOHCH3CHCOOH + H3N CH2COOHNH3CH3 N(CH2CH3)3NH3有机化学有机

53、化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案H2OH+d. CH3CHCONHCHCONHCH2COOHNH2 CH2CH(CH3)2+(CH3)2CHCH2CHCOOH+e.CH3CHCOOHNH2+ CH3CH2COClCH3CHCOOHNHCOCH2CH3(CH3)2CHCH2CHCOOCH3NH2CH3CH2CH-CHCOOH+h. (丙氨酸)CH3CHCOOHNH2CH2CH(NH2)COOHBr2-H2OHOCH2CH(NH2)COOHi. 酪氨酸 HOHCHNNHCHCCCH3H3Cf. (亮氨酸) (CH3)2CHCH2CHCOOH + CH3OH (过量) H

54、ClNH2g. (异亮氨酸) CH3CH2CH-CHCOOH + CH3CH2I (过量)CH3 NH2 OOBrj. (丙氨酸)CH3CHCOOHNH2+ O2NNO2FNO2O2NBrCH3CHNHCOOHk. NH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOHHNOl.CH2COOHNH2.HCl+SOCl2CH2COClNH2.HCl14.6 =2n+2+N 数 - 实际氢数23= 1 2+2+1-72属氨基酸，三个碳，有旋光活性，应为丙氨酸 CH3CHCOOHNH214.7P/ Cl2NH3CH3CHCH2 COOHCH3CH3CH-CHCOOHCH3 ClCH3CH-CHCOOHCH3 NH2

55、如果在无手性条件下,得到的产物无旋光活性,因为在氯代酸生成的那一步无立体选择性.14.8三肽,N 端 亮氨酸,C 端甘氨酸.中性.14.10a丝氨酸-甘氨酸-亮氨酸，简写为 ：丝-甘-亮b14.1114.12谷氨酸-苯丙氨酸-苏氨酸，简写为 ：谷-苯丙-苏此多肽含有游离的羧基,且羧基与 NH3 形成酰胺.丙-甘-丙 或 丙-丙-甘14.13精脯脯甘苯丙丝脯苯丙精- 30 -有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第十五章类脂化合物15.3a. KOH,b.Br2 or KMnO4c.KOHd.Ca(OH)2e. Br2 or KMnO415.4写出由三棕榈油酸甘

56、油酯制备表面活性剂十六烷基硫酸钠的反应式。O(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)5CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH 2)5CH3CH2O COCHO CCH2O C(CH2)7CH=CH(CH 2)5CH3OKOHH+CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOHH2CatCH3(CH2)14COOHLiAlH4CH3(CH2)14CH2OHH2SO4CH3(CH2)14OSO3HNaOHCH3(CH2)14CH2OSO3Na15.5 卵磷脂结构中既含亲水基,又含有疏水基,因此可以将水与油两者较好的相溶在一起。15.6下列化合物哪个有表面活性剂的作用？a 、d 有表面活性剂的作用。15.7O(

57、CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7CH3(CH2)14CH3(CH2)14CH3CH2O CO* CHO COCH2O C15.8OCH2O C(CH2)14CH3CH2O COCHO CO(CH2)14CH3(CH2)14CH3KOHH+3 CH3(CH2)14COOHLiAlH4CH3(CH2)14CH2OHH+,CH3(CH2)14COO(CH2)15CH315.9脑苷脂是由神经组织中得到的一种鞘糖脂。如果将它水解，将得到哪些产物？CH2OHOOHHOCH2CHNH2CHOHCHCH(CH2)12CH3HOCO(CH2)22CH3+15.10a(4)b(2)c(3)d(1)15.11a 反

58、b 顺c 顺d 反e 反f 反15.13写出薄荷醇的三个异构体的椅式构型（不必写出对映体）。- 31 -CH3 H有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案H3COH薄荷醇H3COHH3COHOHCH312315.16CHCH2CHCH3CH3CH2CCH3CHCH3非萜类 应为CHCHH2CH2CHCCH3CH3CCH3CH315.17CHH2CH2CHCCH2CCH3CH3OHCCH315.18 利用雌二醇的酚羟基酸性, 用 NaOH 水溶液分离15.19a.完成下列反应式：ClClb.BrHOc.CH=CH-COCH3d.OCOCH3OHe.OHOHCH3C

59、OCH3+HOOHCOOBr15.20+OCH3O+CH3O+- 32 -H+CH3O+CH3OCH2有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案- 33 -第十六章杂环化合物161命名或写出结构a.OCOOHNNHNOHNb.HOc.NHCH3d.NNOHe.NCH3f.NCOOHg.SSO3Hh.糠醛i.噻唑3-甲基吲哚8-羟基喹啉2-苯基苯并吡喃j.k.l.答案:a.2-呋喃甲酸b.2,6-二羟基嘌呤c.3-甲基吡咯d.5-羟基嘧啶e.N-甲基吡咯f.3-吡啶甲酸2-噻吩磺酸g.h.OCHOi.SNj.NHCH3k.NOHl.O16.2a. 维生素 A 萜类b

60、. 维生素 B1,B2,B6,B12 杂环化合物c. 维生素 PP 杂环化合物d. 维生素 C单糖的衍生物e. 维生素 D 己三烯衍生物f. 维生素 K醌g. 叶酸杂环化合物16.4a. 可溶于酸b. 既可溶于酸又可溶于碱 c. 既可溶于碱又可溶于酸 e. 可溶于碱参阅教材 P293 .(教材 P294)核苷由核糖或脱氧核糖与嘌呤或嘧啶化合而成,核苷酸则是核苷磷酸酯.16.516.616.8HOHOHHON9- -D-呋喃核糖基嘌呤水粉葺素NNNHHOHNHNHF16.9OO5-氟尿嘧啶16.10写出下列反应的产物：有机化学有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案a.b