阅读理解做题技巧与习题详解（附答案）

1、高考阅读理解命题的三个原则（一）阅读总量不少于1000个单词，设问共20个小题，总用词量逐年增加，阅读速度每分钟至少要50个以上单词，而且理解准确率应在80%以上。（二）题材尽量多样化，包括日常生活、轶事传说、广告通知、报道、社会文化、史地、经济等。不同题材的文章应有不同的侧重点。天文史地、科普常识类，要留心事实和细节；人物传记、历史故事、幽默小品类，要领会文章的主题、写作意图、人物性格和特征等；社会文化教育、政治经济类要注意观点和结论；风土人情、日常生活，要留意（西方）文化与习俗等；新闻报道广告海报类，要注意其独特的写作手法、事情的起因、经过、涉及的人物具体数字及作者的态度。（三）体裁尽量避

2、免单一化。因此我们务必熟悉文体格式，熟读并背诵一些范文，千方百计增加对语言经验的积累。阅读理解能力测试的要求（一）掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节;（二）既要理解具体的事实，也要理解抽象的概念;（三）既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等;（四）既要理解某句、某段的意义，也要理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断;（五）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。阅读理解题型归类及解题技巧（一）主旨大意型（二）事实细节型 （三）词 义 猜 测 型（四）推 理 判 断 型（五）图示理解题。（一）、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1.

3、 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Whi

4、ch is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage?阅读理解基础训练-主旨大意题Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper foreign

5、 cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不

6、能满足的） society.Question:Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheap

7、er foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。事实细节型解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提

8、问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, wha

9、t, which, etc.)_?阅读理解基础训练-事实细节型Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat requi

10、red to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600Q1) _ calories are requ

11、ired to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A.  A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories tha

12、t a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)×5×1=275【解析】答案为 C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正

13、确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。词义猜测型同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。情景推断法、代词替代法等做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词;2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。阅读理解基础训练-词义猜测型Passage3: Most women in Gh

14、ana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的). Q: Which of the followin

15、g is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。推理判断型推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立

16、场、语气及态度等。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断题（做题要领）既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推

17、论)?4. What is the tone (语气) of the author ?5. What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?6. The passage is intended to _.7. Where would this passage most probably appear? 阅读理解基础训练-推理判断型Passage4 The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percen

18、t of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of

19、 society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exer

20、cise. Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选

21、择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.认为). As an example of the latter (adj. 近来的 ) point ( n.观点 ), he

22、notes ( vi.特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准 ).Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.A. rewarding

23、poor performance ( n.成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students .B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 给不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的 ) academic (adj.学校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.预期之事物 ) for easy re

24、wards is a matter of urgency ( n.紧急 ).解析: 问题是文中 Eisenberger 举的一个例子,通过例证题目的考点分析, 我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话(论点)是解决问题的关键,这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题(答案:A) The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students.译: 假设老师总让学生关注奖励,或对表现一般的学生也给高分,那么学生们最终都会不求进取,没有灵感及想象力。summary研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者

25、越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力，因此有关阅读理解题目更为重要的是:主旨大意型推理判断型答题的基本步骤1. 先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和用户服务，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。2. 细读全文，认真推敲：针对题目的要求，细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词，它们既是检查的重点，也是把握全文意思的突破口。因此必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。3. 复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思

26、矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。注意事项1所选有据，避免主观阅读他人作品，理解他人的意图，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进实的陷井。若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题多半会错。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”2符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对，但从全文来看则不是最佳的。因此，必须通盘考虑，取主题，舍枝节。3解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、

27、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。练习American magician David Blaine left the glass box in which he had lived for 44 days without food on October 19. Hundreds of people came to watch the end of his starvation experiment, which had become one of Londons main tourist attractions

28、.Looking thinner and darker, 30 year-old Blaine was taken out of his box over the River Thames(泰晤士河) and immediately sent to hospital. He was then slowly reintroduced to food, a process(过程) doctors said could be life threatening. He had been drinking only water since September 5.A native of Brooklyn

29、, New York, Blaine first became known as a street magician in the early 1990s. He soon found himself doing magic tricks in bars for the likes of American actor Leonardo DiCaprio and his super model friends.Over the last decade Blaine has become famous with a combination of breathtaking magic and cle

30、ver tricks aimed at getting a lot of attention.In 1999, he was buried in a coffin (棺材) for one week and, in 2000, he spent 62 hours in a giant block of ice. Last year he stood on the top of a 25-meter pillar(柱子) in the center of New York for 35 hours before jumping into a pile of boxes.“I think a lo

31、t of people are unable to accept that theyre able to do what they can do,” he said. “They dont realize we can survive. The human being is an amazing creation.”But he seemed to have suffered from spending so long in the glass box. He said that at times he was unable to see, had serious back pains and

32、 lost his sense of taste.1. It is _ for David Blaine to eat food after such a long starvation.A. pleasantB. deliciousC. dangerousD. important2. Having spent such a long time in the glass box, he suffered the following EXCEPT that _.A. he had become blindB. he had serious back painsC. he lost his sen

33、se of tasteD. he was in weak health3. Which of the following can best describe David Blaine?A. Brave.B. Adventurous. C. Mad.D. Crazy. 4. Which of the following is NOT true of David Blaine? A. Blaine was immediately sent to hospital after he was taken out of his box because he was in dangerous condit

34、ion.B. Blaine was born and brought up in England.C. In Blaines opinion, people can create a wonder.D. Blaine didnt have any food for 44 days.【答案与解析】本文主要讲述美国魔术师David Blaine多次挑战人体极限，这次又进行了44天的饥饿实验。1. C。推测题。根据He was then slowly reintroduced to food, a process doctors said could be life threatening可知，进食

35、对他来说是个威胁生命的过程。2. A。细节题。文中说at times he was unable to see，是说他有时看不见东西，但并不等于说他的眼睛瞎了。故 A 的说法不符合事实。3. B。推断题。根据 buried in a coffin for one weekspent 62 hours in a giant block of ice stood the on top of a 25-meter pillar in the center of New York for 35 hours before jumping into a pile of boxes等细节描写，我们可以得出这

36、个结论：David Blaine 喜欢冒险，当然这里面有“勇敢”的成分，但两者比较一下，可知Adventurous更佳。故选 B。4. B。细节题。根据 A native of Brooklyn, New York 我们可以知道 Blaine 是地地道道的美国人。 2Ive loved my mothers desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens

37、and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she said again, “is for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she love

38、d me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface”.As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for

39、 our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer, none came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace it seemed that nothing happened. I couldnt

40、be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told me, as shed never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and foun

41、d some papers inside a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded(折叠) and refolded many times. Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose, Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.1. The writer began to love her mothers desk _.A. after Mother diedB. before s

42、he became a writerC. when she was a childD. when mother gave it to her2. The passage shows that _.A. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. Mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. Mother cared much about her daughter in wordsD. Mother wrote to

43、her daughter in careful words.3. The world “gulf” in the passage means _.A. deep understanding between the old and the young.B. different ideas between the mother and the daughter.C. free talks between mother and daughter.D. part of the sea going far in land.4. What did Mother do with her daughters

44、letter asking for forgiveness?A. She had never received the letter.B. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didnt forgive her daughter at all in all her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she died.5. Whats the best title of the passage?A. My letter to MotherB. Mother and

45、ChildrenC. My Mothers DeskD. Talks between Mother and me.【答案与解析】本文以妈妈的书桌为线索说明了妈妈对女儿的那种深沉的爱。1.C。细节题。文章中的第1句就告诉我们，当作者是个小孩时（刚有书桌高），就喜欢她妈妈的 desk。2. A。细节题。在文章中的三、四自然段中，从作者的字里行间我们可知：她妈妈外表冷谈，内心却对女儿充满了爱。3. B。词义推断题。妈妈的爱只表现在行动上，而作者则想要那种 heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter所以她们之间就产生了 gulf(隔阂)。由此可知g

46、ulf在这里是指妈妈和女儿之间的不同的想法。故选B。4. D。细节判断题。从文章倒数第2段最后一句话 a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times 可知妈妈把作者的信读了一遍又一遍。5. C。主旨题。这个故事是以妈妈的书桌为线索引出的妈妈对作者的那种深沉的爱，所以选 项最佳。 3Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time.Some may use this freedom to share less tim

47、e with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience.E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours arent necessarily m

48、uch shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if shed been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool.The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do s

49、omething fun see a great movie perhaps and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may tire of telling the story.With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.E-mail is also an inexpensive way to stay in close touch with people who live far aw