含硫化合物的性质与应用的知识点自检

1、专题 4 硫、氮和可持续发展第一单元含硫化合物的性质与应用一、二氧化硫1物理性质：二氧化硫是一种气，溶于水，常温、常压下色有气味的1 体积水约能溶解毒气体，易液化；密度比空体积的二氧化硫。2化学性质：二氧化硫是一种酸性氧化物，溶于水生成它的水溶液呈。（ 1）、 SO2 是酸性氧化物：a与水反应：（ H2SO3 不稳定，且容易被氧化生成硫酸：）b与碱反应：与NaOH 溶液反应：使澄清的石灰水变浑浊：将 SO2 持续通入澄清石灰水中，现象如何？（ 2）、 SO2 中 S元素处于中间价态即价，既有性又有性（以性为主）a弱氧化性：与硫化氢反应：b较强还原性：可被多种氧化剂（如O2、 Cl2、 Br2、

2、I2、 HNO3、 KMnO4、 H2O2）氧化。SO2与 O2 反应：SO2使氯水（溴水、碘水）褪色 :SO2被双氧水氧化： :（ 3）、 SO2 的漂白性： SO2跟某些有色物质（如品红等）反应生成，此无色物质见光、遇热或长久放置又容易，又会恢复到原来的颜色。 SO2能漂白酸碱指示剂，如 SO2 只能使紫色石蕊试液变，不能使它。HClO、过氧化氢等的漂白原理：是利用他们的性质。他们的漂白效果是性的，不可逆的。氯气能使紫色石蕊试液变，继续通入又能使之。若将等物质的量的氯气和二氧化硫同时通入品红溶液中，品红溶液红色。二、酸雨正常的雨水由于溶解CO2 形成弱酸H2CO3 ，pH 约为。空气中硫的

3、氧化物和氮的氧化物随雨水降下就成为酸雨，酸雨的pH。二氧化硫的来源：硫酸型酸雨两条形成途径：（用反应方程式表示）途径1：途径2：三、硫酸的性质1. 硫酸的物理性质：纯硫酸是色状的液体， 沸点由于溶解时，所以稀释浓硫酸时，一定要将，密度，能与水以任意比互溶，慢慢地注入中，并不断的搅拌。2. 稀硫酸是酸，电离方程式为：3. 浓硫酸的三大特性A. 吸水性：将物质中含有的水分子夺去。“水 ”可以是混合气体中的，也可以是结晶水合物中的。用作干燥剂，但不可干燥等气体。B. 脱水性：浓硫酸按的组成比，夺取某些有机物质中的H、 O 元素形成可使有机物碳化。所以浓硫酸对有机物有强烈的作用。C. 强氧化性：a.

4、常温下，浓硫酸或浓硝酸使等金属。b. 加热，活泼性在H 以后的金属也能反应（Pt、 Au 除外）（标出电子转移的方向和数目，并指出硫酸的作用）Cu+H2SO4(浓 )=c. 与非金属反应：C+2H2SO4(浓 )=d. 能与其他还原性物质反应如 H2S、 HI、 FeO 等四、硫酸的工业制法：接触法制硫酸三阶段1.造气2.接触氧化3.SO3 的吸收三设备三反应尾气的吸收：通常工业上是用氨水来吸收SO2，其反应式为：五、硫酸盐、硫酸根离子的检验1. 硫酸盐：石膏：，熟石膏：，重晶石：俗称绿矾：，蓝矾：，芒硝：，明矾：2. SO4 2-的检验：六、硫及其化合物的相互转化（写出下列方程式）1. 实验

5、室常用硫磺撒在汞的表面除去汞：2. 二氧化硫的实验室制法：3. 长期放置在空气中的亚硫酸钠被氧化：4. 用石灰石除去二氧化硫：5. 氧化亚铁与浓硫酸反应：赠送以下资料英语万能作文 (模板型）Along with the advance of the society more and more problems arebrought to our attention, one of which is that.随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是_。As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people takedi

6、fferent attitudes.然而，对于此类问题， 人们持不同的看法。 (Hold different attitudes持不同的看 ;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法 )As society develops, people are attaching much importance to.随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。As towheth

7、eritis worthwhile., thereis a long-runningcontroversial debate. It is quitenatural thatpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得 _的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselvesin a dilemma.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。Recen

8、tly the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some peopleare in alarm that.最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心_。The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、

9、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。. plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes thebiggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?"_显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是："我们该如何抉择 ?"Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and ch

10、allenges, 现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People fromdifferent backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对

11、此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked ., some people think. while some prefer.说到 _，有人认为 _，而另一些人则认为 _。Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说， ""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issue, different peopl

12、e come up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes withoutsaying that.万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，_。When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other peopleregard .as .提到 _问题，很多人认为 _，不过，一些人则认为_是_.When faced with., quite a few people claim tha

13、t .,but otherpeople think as.提到 _问题，仅少数人认为 _，但另一些人则认为_。There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . Therewho criticize .argue that ., they believe that .,but people who favor .,on the other hand, argue that.目前， _问题争议较大。批判_的人认为 _，他们认为_，不过，另一方面，赞同_的人则认为 _。Some people are of the opinion t

14、hat.有些人认为 _。Many people claim that.很多人认为 _。A majority of 绝大多数A large number of 很多人Some people contend that . has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)有些人认为 _有很多有利之处 (不利之处 )。Those who argue for . say that .economic development of the cities. 觉得 _的人认为， _ 城市的经济发展。Some people advocate that .有些

15、人在坚持认为 _。They hold that . 他们认为 _。People, who advocate that ., have their sound reasons (grounds)坚持认为 _的人也有其说法 (依据 )。Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praiseof it.那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。Those who strongly approve of . have cogent reasons for it.强烈认同 _的人有很多原因 。Many people would cla

16、im that.有人会认为 _。People who support . give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持 _观点的人列出了如下原因：_。But others hold the view that .但是，另外一些人则认为_。观点的用词： Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take,have, come up with，set forth, put forward 等。But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly

17、advocate that.,.不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_。But people who are ., on the other hand , maintain that.不过，另一方面， _的人认为 _。However, there are a large number of people who hold a differentview concerning this case.然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。问题用词： Issue, phenomenon，后接介词 , on, over 等。However, some others argue that. 然而，另一些人则认为_

18、。However, there are also some others who contend that.然而，也有人认为 _。But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。Some people examine this issue from another angle.有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly .

19、另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_。According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer . ratherthan.根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_而不会选择 _。Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion.就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者 )_。Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。To my point of view 我认为Tomymind,theadvantages

20、faroverweighthedrawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)我认为，优点胜过缺点。For my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion that.就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点_。As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latterview.在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latterv

21、iew that.经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即_。If asked to make a decision, I would prefer.如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿_。展现问题篇问题的常用词： question, problem, issueRecently, the issue of . has been brought into public focus.近来， _的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes h

22、ave taken place in people attitudes towards some traditional practice.现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。Recently the issue of whether or not . has been in the limelight andhas aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否 _的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。The issue whether it is good or not to . has aroused

23、 a heateddiscussion all over the country._的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。At present, some people think .while others claim .Both sides havetheir merits.目前，一些人认为 _而另一些人则认为_。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。People from different backgrounds would put different interpretationson the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often brought