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1、语法难点精析之非谓语动词(1)非谓语动词主要包括不定式、 的动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用 法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、的宾语、的宾语补足语、的定语、的 状语、的表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited( 禁止 )here 这里禁止抽烟。 (抽象 )It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。 (具体 )(2)动名词作主语时,通常用
2、以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting 爬山很有趣。 (经验 )Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。 ( 经验 )(3 )不定式做主语,一般用 it 当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2不定式、的动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。To do two things
3、at a time is to do neither -次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。To work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。3)如果主语是以 aim ,duty ,hope ,idea ,happiness ,job ,plan ,problem ,purpose ,thing , wish 等为中心的名词,或以 what 引导的名
4、词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The function of Lo uis Sullivan ' s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areasand to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the fu
5、ture of the plant 语法难点精析之非谓语动词( 2 )(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people 我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps 他的爱好是集邮。(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明 动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。People cannot but feel puzzled , for they simply cannot understand how he could have
6、 made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected (3) 分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考 试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如 excite , interest 等都是及物动词,汉 语意思不是 “激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动 ”、的“使高兴 ”,因而现在分词应该是 “令人激动的 ”、的“令 人高兴的”过去分词则是感到激动的”和感到高兴的”所以,凡表示 令人的”都是-ing形式
7、,凡是表示感到"都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对 感兴趣,就是 somebody isinterested in., 若人 /物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting. 这类词常见的有:interesting 使人感到高兴 -interested 感到高兴的exciting 令人激动的 -excited 感到激动的delighting 令人高兴的 -delighted 感到高兴的disappointing 令人失望的 -disappointed 感到失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的 -encouraged 感到鼓舞的pleasing 令人愉快的 -
8、pleased 感到愉快的puzzling 令人费解的 -puzzled 感到费解的satisfying 令人满意的 -satisfied 感到满意的surprising 令人惊异的 -surprised 感到惊异的 worrying 令人担心的 -worried 感到担心的Traveling is interesting but tiring 旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincin
9、g 他的论点很令人信服。They were very excited at the news听到这个消息,他们非常激动。GCT 英语非谓语动词练习1. in a simple style, the book clearly describes the author's childhood experiences in a small town.A. Writing B. To be written C. Being writtenD. Written2. I really appreciateto help me, but I am sure that I can manage it
10、myself.Ayou to come B that you comeC your coming D how you come3. Australia the Asians have made their influencein businesses , large and small.A. feelingB. feel C. felt D. to be felt4. Susan will come to watch him _ at Wimbledon this week.A. playedB. play C. to play D. playing5. The issue at the co
11、nference is very important and it will create a sensation nationwide.A. discussedB. being discussed C. is being discussed D. has been discussed6. Weather,there will be an open air party with live music here this weekendA permitsBshould permit C will permit D permitting7. If the workby the end of thi
12、s month is delayed ,the construction company will be heavily fined.A. is completedB. to be completedC. will have been completedD. will be completed8. The manager promised to keep meof how our business was going on.A. informedB. informingC. to be informedD. having informed9. Radios today seldom need
13、or the attention of a technician.A. to repairB. repaired C. repairingD. to have repaired10. Far too many owners of electric appliances have a hard timequalified repairmen to fix theirmachines.Afinding Bto find Cto finding D having found答案: D C C B B非谓语动词的用法小结( 1)一、解析非谓动词作主语1. 不定式作主语。如:To say is easi
14、er tha n to do.解析:用不定式作主语时,常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作,并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为:It is easier to say than to do.2. 动名词作主语。如:Walk ing after supper is good for both you ng and old.解析:若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。二、解析非谓语动词作表语1. 不定式作表语。如:What I can do is to give you some reas on able advice.The library books are not allowed
15、to be taken away.解析:不定式作表语时,其后接动词(词组)主动式或被动式,与其最近的动词采用原形。2. 动名词作表语。如:His job is teach ing.The most famous writi ngs in the world are worth read ing.解析:动名词作表语时,表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性,甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为:Teachi ng is his job.3. 分词作表语。如:The film is in teresti ng, and my sister gets in terested in it.解析:现在分词作
16、表语,表示主语所具有的特征,表语与主语之间是主动关系,并且常以物作主语,译为“某物怎么样”;过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的心理状态,主语和表语之间存 在被动关系,并且常以人作主语,译为“某人感到怎么样"。具有这一用法的有:surprise, i nterest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappo int, satisfy, en courage 等。三、解析非谓语动词作宾语1. 不定式作宾语。如:She prete nded not to see me whe n I came in.Little Jim shoul
17、d love to be take n to the theatre this eve ning.agree, choose,manage,promise,expect,determine,decide,seek,refuse,arrange,desire 等。2. 动名词作宾语。如:Would you mind my ope ning the win dow?He didn ' t remember having lived with his friend before.解析:有些动词(词组)后接动名词形式,表示动作的经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类似的词有 enjoy, keep, a
18、dmit, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, give up 等。注意:want, need, require等动词以物作主语时,其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用不定式的被动式。 女口 Those you ng trees n eed wateri ng/ to be watered.另外,还有少数动词, 女口 mean, stop,try, can ' t h等后既可接不定式也可接动名词,但各自发生时间有先后。如:(1) The light in the room is still on.Oh, I forgot to tur n it
19、 off.(2) Where is your pen?Oh, I remember hav ing putt ing it in my bag.四、解析非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语1. 不定式作宾语、主语补足语。如:The policema n told the boy not to play on the road.The old man was ofte n see n to sta nd at the door of his house.解析: 诸女口 get, ask, beg, in vite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect,
20、like, permit, en courage, request, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn 等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。但hope, think, agree, in sist, pla n, suppose, suggest, announ ce, dema nd 等动词不能这样用。 女口果动词 let, have, make, hear, notice, see, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等,用于被动语态中时,则可以用不定式作主语补足语。2. 分词作宾语、主语补足语。(1)现在分词作宾语、
21、主语补足语。如:Tom ' s father saw him sitting on the eggs.Soon steam can be see n ris ing from the wet clothes.解析:现在分词作宾语、主语补足语时,表示现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语, 与逻辑主语之间存在主动关系(2)过去分词作宾语、主语补足语。如:I had my house pain ted last week.Her book was found stole n whe n Kate came back home.解析:过去分词作宾语、主语补足语时,表示过去分词的逻辑主语就是句
22、子的宾语或主语, 与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系。非谓语动词的用法小结(2)五、解析非谓语动词作定语1. 不定式作定语。如:Every day the workers have a lot of work to do. (动宾关系)She has no wish to go with you.(同位关系)The sec ond officer to come in was Smith.(主谓关系)This is the best way to lear n a foreig n lan guage.(修饰关系)解析:不定式作定语时通常后置,即作后置定语,表示将要发生的动作,与被修饰的名词之间存在动
23、宾关系、同位关系、主谓关系或修饰关系。2. 动名词作主语。如:We shall have a writ ing competiti on.There is a swimmi ng pool in the park.解析:用动名词作定语,起说明被修饰名词性质或用途的作用。3. 分词作定语。(1)现在分词作定语。如:Now there is a fire bur ning in the fireplace.The villagers built a road leadi ng to the city.解析:现在分词作定语时,与它修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常性、
24、现在或当时的状态。(2)过去分词作定语。如:There is a village called Gum Tree far away from here.1912.The Olympic Games, first played in 775BC, did n ot in clude wome n players un til 谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,或没有固定的时间性。六、解析非谓语动词作状语1. 不定式作状语。如:They came to see their mother in hospital.Every one cried to hear the bad n ews.解析:不定式作状
25、语时,可以表示目的、结果、原因和条件。表目的时常用于so as to或inorder to 中,但 so as to 不能置于句首; 表示结果时常用于 enough to, tooto,soas to,such as to结构中,但要注意tooto结构与only, not, never连用时语法结构发生了变化,因此要择义而用之。2. 分词作状语。(1) 现在分词作状语。如:Work ing hard, you won ' t fail in the exam in ati on.Not hav ing heard from her, I decided to write to her
26、aga in.解析:在主动语态中,现在分词作状语时,表示现在分词动作与谓语动作同时进行或先于谓语动作发生或完成。因此可用现在分词的一般式或完成式表示,而完成式的否定式not必须置于分词之前。相当于表示原因、条件、时间、结果、伴随状况等状语从句。注意:通常现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,即彼此间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。但gen erally speak ing, strictly speak in g, roughly speak in g, judgi ng from等词组不受这种语法限制。(2) 过去分词作状语。如:See n from the top of the tower, the r
27、iver looks like a sn ake.Give n more atte nti on, the trees could have grow n better.解析:在被动语态中过去分词作状语时,句子的主语与过去分词之间存在被动关系,即主语是过去分词动作的承受者,同样也可以表原因、条件、时间、结果、伴随状况等状语从句。七、解析分词、从句以及独立主格之间的不同1. 分词短语结构,它表示分词动作的逻辑主语是句子的主语,连词可以保留,也可以省略。如:Whe n leav ing the railway stati on, she kept sile nt.如:Ann was singing
28、 while she was dancing.但必须保The flight of No. 737 had take n off before he arrived.3. 独立主格结构,该结构中动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,并且要省略连词,留独立主格结构中的主语。如:All the people hav ing bee n here, the leader declared the meeti ng ope n.The task fini shed, they would have no thi ng to do.综上所述,非谓语动词的语态重点是:(1)句子的主语、宾语或表语是非谓语动词的主语
29、时,非谓语动词用主动式;(2)若句子的主语、宾语或表语是非谓语动词的逻辑宾语时,非谓语动词用被动式。 时态重点是:(1)若非谓语动词与谓语动词同时发生时用一般式;(2)若非谓语动词先于谓语动词发生时用完成式;(3 )若谓语动作发生的同时,非谓语动作也在进行,就用不定式进行时。不定代词(the indefinite pronoun) 用法不定代词: (the in defi nite pronoun)不定代词是:不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。不定代词有:some' anybothalleither neither' none'allotherothersa no ther
30、on eeacheveryfewa fewlittlea little1. some ,any 些(人或物)。any还有 任何(人或物)"之意。some 一般用于陈述句,any多用于否定句、疑问句;如:Some of us can use computer.Some say yes, and some say no.The apples are n ice. Do you have some?Are any of them yours?I don't know any of them.2. both, all, either, neither, noneboth :两者(都)
31、,all:所有的人(或物)none 没有人或物 (三个人或物当中 ) ,用作单数either:两者中任一个;n either:两者中没有一个both: 两者(都) . . .看做复数如: Both of his parents are ill.你们俩全对。 (both 说明只有两人)Both of them aren't very beautiful. (并不是他俩都漂亮)either: 看作单数女口: Either of us may (情态动词) join the party. 你们(两人)中任何一个可以参 加聚会。Come to my home on Friday or Satu
32、rday. Either of them is ok.周五或周六来我家吧。这两天中,哪天都行。There's coffee or tea - you can (情态动词) have either (of them). 咖啡或茶一可以任选一种。neither:两个人或物当中没有一个(用作单数)如: Neither of the twins likes music. 这对双胞胎中没一个喜欢音乐。-Which do you like, tea or milk? 茶和牛奶你喜欢哪一个 ?-Neither. (两个当中任何 )一个都不喜欢 .all: 所有的人(或物)三者或三者以上的全部,看做复
33、数如: All of the students are in Class 2.I don't know all of people here.none: 没有人或物 (三个人或物当中或以上 ) ,既可以表示不可数的事物,也可以表示 可数的事物和人,所以 none 可以看做单数,也可看作复数。如: None of the telephones are working.这些电话没一部能用。 (从 none 来看,有三部以上的电话 )-How many colour pencils do you have? 你有多少彩色铅笔?-None. 一支也没有。3. other, others, th
34、e others, another,other:和the连用,指 两者中的另外一个 ”。Onethe other 如: I have two pens, one is red, the other is yellow.another: 和 other 一样,都表示 “另外一个 ”。但 other 指两者中的 “另外一个 ”; another 则指 “多者(至少三者)中 ”的另一个,且 another 前不可有任何修饰词。如: My glass is broken. I have to change another .One boy was reading; another was writin
35、g. (代词) 一个男孩在读书,另一个在写字。others: 另外的人或物(代词,可作主语、宾语)其他的如:Think of others as well as yourself. (宾语) 不仅要想到自己,也要想到别人(其他人) 。I didn't buy many cakes. Could you get some others? (宾语)我没有多买糕点,你有多余的吗?the others: “其余的所有的人(或物) ” ones, the others如: I have three pens. One is red, the others are black.I have two
36、 pens. One is red the other is black.I have ten stamps(邮票).One is a Japanese stamp, the others are the American stamps.I have two stamps(由E票).One is a Japanese stamp, the other is the American stamp.John and the others are here. 约翰和其他人都在这儿。 (作主语)用法:.Sometimes she meets some parents.定语)2. Very often
37、her husband helps her with some of the housework. (介宾)3. Everybody says she is "an ideal wife and good mother." (主语,看作单数)4. They usually have something substential.( 宾语)5. Do you know English? Yes, but just a little. (宾语 )6.Some people also drink a little wine. ( 定语)7.We like parties and w
38、e have many friends. (定语 )8.Some of them are eati ng and some are sta ndin g.(主语)9.It's just an ordinary one.( 表语)10.Look at the two boys on this side. One is standing on a desk. (主语)复合不定代词复合不定代词的构成复合不定代词是由 some-, any-, no-, every-力口上-one, -body , -thing等所组成的不定 代词。复合不定代词包括somethi ng (某事物),somebo
39、dy (某人),some one (某人),anything(任何事物),anybody (任何人),anyone (任何人),nothing (没事物),nobody (没人) no one (没人),everything (切事物),everybody (每个人),everyone (每个人)等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。复合不定代词的指代对象1含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人,含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同,可以互换。只是用 -body 时显得较通俗些,多用于口 语中,用 -one
40、时显得较文雅些,更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如:Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room. 有人在隔壁房间哭。No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的。2、含 -thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如:Are you going to buy anything? 你会去买东西吗?I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只听到了你的声音。复合不定代词的属格1含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-'属格形式。如:Everybody' s bus in ess is n o
41、body ' s bus大es的事情没人管。Is this anybody ' s se这t?L有人坐吗?2、 含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时,-'属格应加在else之后。如:Can you remember some one else ' s n ame你还记得其他人的姓名吗?3、 含 -thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有-属属格形式。复合不定代词的数1、复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句 子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如:Is everyone here today? 今天,大家都到齐了
42、吗?Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。2、当要对一群人讲话时,可使用以复合不定代词作主语的祈使句,句中的动词用原形。如:Nobody move ! = Don' anybody move! 都别动!Everyone lie down! 统统趴下!复合不定代词的替代问题由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义, 所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也 应该是单数形式。1含-one和-body等指人的复合代词, 其代词应该是he/she, him/her,其-属格形式 的代词应该是 his/her, his
43、/hers。如:Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他(她)自己的说辞。但是,这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性,所以为了避免这种别扭的情况,我们一般都是用 they/them/their/theirs, 尤其是在口语中以及非正式 场合下。如:No one gave you a ticket, did they? 没人给你票,是吗?Some one came in, but I did n' t know who they we 有人进来了,但我不知道是谁。2、含 -thing 等指事物的复合不定代词,不会因性别上的差异而使
44、得在代词的运用上产生不确定性,因此我们就使用it。如:Something goes wrong, doesn ' 出问题了,是吗?复合不定代词的定语复合不定代词的定语必须后置,即放在复合不定代词的后面。如:Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗?Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗?Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗?含some-和 any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别由some-禾口 any-所构成的复合不定代词(即 someth ing禾口
45、 anything ; some one禾口 anyone;somebody 和 anybody )之间的区别跟 some 和 any 的区别一样。1、something,someone,somebody 通常用于肯定句中, 而 anything ,anyone,anybody 一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。如:He found something strange but interesting. 他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Do you have anything to say ?你有话要说吗?I can ' t meet anybody on the island在岛
46、上,我没遇见任何人。2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答 复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用 something , someone, somebody 等复合不定代 词。如 :Would you like something to eat ?要些吃的东西吗?Isn' t there somtheing wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗?3、当 anything 表示 “任何事(物),无论何事(物) ”, anyone, anybody 表示 “无论 谁,任何人 ”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。如:Anything is OK.
47、 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer. 任何人都知道答案。复合不定代词的否定1、 “not every"表示的是部分否定,意为并非都,不都”。例如:Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。The teacher did n ' t call every one' s老师并没有点所有人的名。2、“not any"和no-均表示全否定。例如:He listened, but heard nothing. 他听了听,但什么也没听到。= He listened, but didn ' t hea
48、r anything.You haven' t called anyone/anybody up, have you?你没给谁打过电话,是吗?= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?复合不定代词作名词复合不定代词可以充当名词用,表示“的事情(东西或人)”。1、someone/somebody, anyone/anybody 的意义是 “重要人物,大人物 ", everyone/everybody 意为 “最重要的人 ", no one/nobody 则意指 “无关紧要的人,小人物 "。例 如:2、somet
49、hing, anything 的意义是 “重要事情(东西) ", everything 表示“最重要的事情(东西) ", nothing 则指 “毫无趣味的事情,无关紧要的东西合与分的区别问题1、 someone, anyone, everyone 都只能指人,且不和介词 of 连用; some one, any one, every one 则既可指人又可指物,可与介词of 连用。例如:Anyone should be polite to every one of them. 任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个 人。-Which toy would you like? -A
50、ny one is OK. -你要那个玩具? - 随便。2、no one (=nobody)没有人”只用来指人,通常不和介词of连用;none没有一个 ”,既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如:No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。None of these questio ns is easy, and none of us can even an swer any one of the m 这些 问题没有一个是容易的,我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用 no one;回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用 none。例如:-Who
51、was late ? -No one. - 谁迟到了? -谁也没有迟到。-How many pigs do you keep? -None. - 你养几头猪? -一头也没养。复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every加-body,-thing,-one构成,列表如下:Somebody 某人Anybody 任何人Someone 某人Anyone 任何人Something 某物,某事Anything 任何事物Nobody 没有人Everybody 每人No one 没有人Everyone 每人Nothing 没有东西Everything 一切由于在使用中有比较特殊的习惯用法, 是考试中比较
52、常见的考点。 现将常见的考试形式 解析如下:一:复合不定代词和部分否定部分否定是考试中的热门考点,常表达的结构有两种:1: not+全部肯定词 2 :助 动词+not+全部肯定词。其意都为 并非都,不都"。前者是一般形态,女如: Not everyone likes English.由于是基本概念, 学生比较容易理解。 的疑惑,是出题的焦点。但后者和一般否定句比较相似,容易引起学生判断上1I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree withA. everything B: anything C. somethin
53、g D. nothing分析:有同学看到I don ' t agre就判断是否定句,选B, an ythi ng.这就是对句子理解出现了偏差。句意是:我同意你所说的大部分,但不是全部。是一句典型的部分否定形式。 noteverythign的结构表明并非每件事”所以正确答案是 A. everyting。2 The exam was difficult, wasn't it?No, but I don 't think could pass it.A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D everybody分析:同上题一样,不能将 I don &
54、#39; t thinl简单得看成否定句而选B. anybody。"noteverybod构成部分否定,既并非所有的人都能通过 ”所以应该选 D. everybody。二:复合不定代词的定语位置复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候, 定语必须放在不定代词后面。 特别是当修饰的定语比 较复杂的情况下要认真分析,弄清词序间的修饰关系。1 There is with your car.A. nothing seriously wrong B. seriously wrong nothingC. nothing wrong seriously D. wrong seriously nothing分析
55、: 首先, seriously 副词修饰 wrong 形容词, seriously wrong 表示 “严重损坏 ”, seriously wrong 修饰 nothing, 放在 nothing 后面, 意思是“严重损坏的地方 ”, nothing seriously wrong , 所以答案是 A。2 He asked me if there was to read.A. easy enough something B. enough easy somethingC. something easy enough D. something enough easy分析:副词enough修饰形容
56、词easy,放easy后面,easy enough意思是 足够简单的” easy enough 修饰不定代词 something , 放 something 后面。 something easy enough 意思是 “足 够简单的东西 ”,所以选择 C。三: 复合不定代词与定语从句中的关系代词当复合不定代词由定语从句修饰的时候, 考察的重点在关系代词的选择。 当先行词为指 物的不定代词的时候,关系代词为that,但something后的关系代词既可以是 that,也可以是which 。 当先行词为指人的不定代词的时候, 关系代词为 who 或 that。 特别注意当关系代 词在从句中充当宾语成分的时候可以省略,这也是考察的重点。1 Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. whatever D. that分析: D. 先行词
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