山东省应县高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选编(二)

1、山西应县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮选编（2）【 2016 年三省四市高三模拟考试英语能力测试】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。DTry rubbing（ 摩擦 ） the tip of your finger backwards and forwards very quickly on your coat or a blanket. It should become hot. In cold weather we sometimes rub our hands together to make th em warm. The rubbing of two together wh

2、ich causes heat is called“friction ” （ 摩擦力）. In thesame way, people who lived in caves rubbed a piece of wood shaped like a pencil on another piece of wood with dried leaves or grass packed nearby. The heat set the leaves or grass alight. This was a difficult way of making fire. Better ways were fou

3、nd by using flint（火石 ）, but it was notuntil 1827 that the first matches were made in England.Chemists made up a mixture and put it on an end of a stick or match. The mixture contained a small amount of phosphorous（ 磷 ）, a chemical that bursts into flame when heated slightly. The other chemicals then

4、 caught fire and burned less fiercely until the wood was alight. By rubbing the end of the match on sandpaper, the friction easily set the phosphorous alight. These first matches could also be struck on other rough surfaces, including the leather sole （底） of a shoe.At the time, everyone thought this

5、 was a wonderful invention. Unfortunately accidents happened. A whole box of matches would suddenly catch fire if it was heated. Imagine this happening to someone warming themselves by a fire with a box of matches in his or her pocket! Even loose matches in a handbag or pocket could rub together and

6、 catch fire.What was needed was a match that would only light if struck on a special surface. In 1852, the safety match was invented in Sweden. No phosphorous was used in the matchhead it was puton the outside of the matchbox instead. This made it impossible for the match to light unless it was rubb

7、ed along the box on the special surface which contained sandpaper mixed with a little phosphorous.1. Why did people use dried leaves or grass to pack another piece of wood?A. The leaves or grass is easy to be alight.B. The leaves or grass covered the wood well.C. The leaves or grass help the air cau

8、se heat.D. The leaves or grass acted as the role of match .2. What did the chemists make the match of in 1827?A. Leather sole, sandpaper and leaves.B. Wood, leather sole and sandpaper.C. Phosphorous, wood and sandpaper.D. Phosphorous, sandpaper and flint.3. If a match was struck on a special surface

9、, we could see.A. loose matches could catch fire fiercelyB. phosphorous wasn t needed in the matchC. there were matches and sandpaper in pockets.D. loose matches in pockets wouldn t catch fire at a time. 参考答案1 3 、 ACD【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C D）中，选出最佳选项。The baby monkey is much more developed at

10、birth than the human baby. Almost from the momentit is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first fewdays of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft objectin its environment, particularly if that object also gives it

11、milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real motheror the mother substitute （ 母亲替代物 ）.During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological （ 心理的 ） thing that a monkey mother has to giv

12、e to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother substitutes one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferr

13、ed the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.Whyi

14、s cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（ 接触 ） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Wh

15、enever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “ rub ” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged （ 长时间的） “ contact comfort ” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidenceand is much more reward

16、ing to them than is either warmth or milk.According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up

17、into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother substitute and begins to explore the toys, bu

18、t often rushes back for a deep embrace （ 拥抱 ） as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its“ mother ” .50 Psychologically, wha

19、t does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?A. Warmth. B. Milk.C. Contact. D. Trust.51 After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is .A. larger in sizeB. closer to themC. less frightening and less

20、disturbingD. more comfortable to rub against52 What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“ contact comfort ”？A. Attention. B. Softness.C. Confidence. D. Interest.53 It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, .A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring

21、the toysB. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingD. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54 The main purpose of the passage is to .A. give the reasons for the experimentB. present the findings of the experimentC. i

22、ntroduce the method of the experimentD. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50. A 考查细节理解。从文章第一段"During the first few days of its lifeonto almost anylarge, warm, and soft object ”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选 A项。51. D 考查推理判断。从第三段" Why is cloth preferable to bare

23、 wire ?Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins ”推知，幼猴选择"布妈妈"，而不是"线 妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选 D 项。52. C 考查细节理解。从第三段“ Prolonged （ 长时间的 ） contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies conf idence and”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈&q

24、uot;接触，增加了幼猴的自 信心，因此C项是最佳答案。53. D 考查推理判断。从最后一段"If its cloth mother is now introduced it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs downfrom - and less and less time holding onto its 'mother'."推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以 D 项正确。54. B 考查写作意

25、图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以 B 项为最佳答案。阅读理解Awareness Weeks （认知宣传周） have become a regular part of Britain s cultural landscape over the past few years . They started back in 1957, when one charity （慈善机构） , Christian Aid, decided to make all its money-raising efforts on one time of year.

26、 It was thought that by doing this they would get more publicity for their cause.They were right, and soon other charities and campaign （活动） groups followed them. These days , most donations （捐款） to charity are not collectedon the streets. So instead of just asking formoney, charities prefer to spen

27、d their time“ raising awareness ” spreading knowledge of thework they do or the cause they support . They also compete with businesses and trade groups who use awareness weeks as marketing campaigns for their products.There are now 500 awareness weeks held every year in the UK. No week goes by witho

28、ut one groupor another trying to make the British public aware of something, with most held in May or October. The danger with all these awareness weeks is that people start to become cynical（不信任 ）. TakeNational Smile Week; it seems like a great idea. Let s all make each other s life a little bithap

29、pier with a friendly smile. But really it s just a group of dentists and cosmetics companies trying to sell us toothpaste. It s enough to make you want to start National Forget About ItWeek.“ Peopl e feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises, ” says Ms Ormiston , who edits the

30、Awareness Campaign Register, a news letter which encourages people who run Awareness Weeks to become more aware of each other .“ But 90 per cent of campaigns are run by traditionalcharities or not for groups to make money. ”“There s still n o offi cial group for awareness campaigns, ” says Ms Ormist

31、on. “ People can do what they like, whatever the size of their budgets （经费） or their public relations machines allows . ”This situation has led to calls for laws to stop real charities having their efforts overshadowedby marketing campaigns. This could be done by making the two groups hold their wee

32、ks at different times or stopping businesses running imitation(模仿 ) charity campaigns.But there is another way. Maybe it s time for National Weak Awareness Week, especially for people whose awareness of Awareness Weeks is weak.1. What s the main purpose of awareness weeks run by charities in Britain

33、?A. To raise money for charities.B. To spread knowledge of charities.C. To take up marketing campaigns.D. To advertise their goods for sale.答案解析：答案为 A。本题为细节题。从第一段第二句话“,decided to make all its money -raisingefforts on one time of year. ”可知，答案为A。2. Why do people start to become cynical about awareness

34、 weeks?A. Too many awareness weeks make people feel bored.B. People feel many awareness weeks are just for marketing exercises.C. People have a weak awareness of awareness weeks.D. Awareness weeks are held too often and too much money is raised.答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。第四段中提到了人们开始对认知宣传周不满意，第五段中首句“People fee

35、l that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises” 可知，答案为B。3. What does Ms Ormiston think about awareness weeks?A. Most of the awareness weeks should not be for making money.B. Official groups should take the place of charities in awareness campaigns.C. People can do what they like in awa

36、reness weeks.D. People can get larger budgets through awareness campaigns.答案解析：答案为 A本题为细节题。从第五段的最后一句话“"But 90 per cent of campaigns are runby traditional charities or not for groups to make money.“可知，答案为 A 在第六段中 Ms Ormiston 提到认知宣传活动没有正式的群体( no official group for awareness campaigns )，因而人们可以做他们想

37、做的，不考虑到活动经费或者公共关系机器所允许的范围。故B， C， D 都与文意不符。4. Which of the following is the right measure to be taken to solve the problems in awareness campaigns?A. Laws should stop awareness weeks run by real charities.B. There should be large public relations departments in awareness campaigns.C. Business and awa

38、reness campaigns should not be held at the same place.D. Marketing campaigns should not be in the name of charity ones.答案解析：答案为 D本题为推理题。从倒数第二段首句"This situation has led to calls for laws tostop real charities having their efforts overshadowed by marketing campaigns. ”可知，要解决前 面提到的问题就要制定法律来阻止真正的慈善

39、活动被市场营销活动所过度遮蔽，言外之意就是市场营销活动不应在慈善活动的名义下进行。故答案为Do A选项与文意不符；B选项未提及。倒数第二段的第二句话“ Thi s could be done by making the two groups hold their weeks at different times or stoppingbusinesses running imitation charity campaigns. ”可知，文中提到了 “ different times ”，而非 C 选 项的 "not be held at the same place ”,故 C选项不

40、正确。5. What s the writer s view on Awareness Weeks?A. National Forget About It Week should be held to stop awareness weeks.B. National Smile Week is a great idea to improve people s life.C. National Weak Awareness Week can help people better understand awareness weeks.D. Awareness Weeks should be sto

41、pped because of marketing campaigns.答案解析：答案为C。 本题考查作者的观点态度。 最后一段中，作者提到 “ Maybe it s time for NationalWeak Awareness Week, especially for people whose awareness of Awareness Weeks is weak. ”，由此可知，作者认为对那些认知宣传周意识薄弱的人要进行宣传，言外之意就是National Weak AwarenessWeek可以帮助人们更好的理解认知宣传周。故答案为Co A, B, D都与文意不符。【2013】阅读下列

42、短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ A B、C D）中，选出最佳选项。MultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self evaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to incr

43、ease productivity, but because they are easily distracted （ 分心 ） and can't focus on one activity. And“ those people turn outto be the worst at handling different things ，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of t

44、ests and asked them to report howoften they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation seeking （ 寻求刺激 ） or impulsive （ 冲动 ） they were. They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathemati

45、cal calculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at

46、once. But those who frequentlydealwith many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitaskingtest.They also were more likely to admit to sensation seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“ People multitask not be

47、cause it's going to lead to greater productivity, but because they're distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important ，” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not amemberof the research group, said one lim

48、itation of the study was that it couldn't find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people's recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findingsdo suggest, however, why the sensation seekers who multitaskthe most may enjoyrisky distracted driving.“ People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to riskysituations ，”said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explainwhy people go in for these situations even tho