小学英语语法总结(共26页)

1、小学英语语法总结      一、名词复数规则      1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds      2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches      3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：fami

2、ly-families, strawberry-strawberries      4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives       Leafleaves      5不规则名词复数：      man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,  &

3、#160;   child-children      foot-feet,.tooth-teeth      fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese      写出下列各词的复数      I _him _this _her _      wat

4、ch _child _photo _diary _      day_ foot_ book_ dress _      tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _      peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_      man_ woman_          

5、;  二、一般现在时      一般现在时基本用法介绍      【No. 1】一般现在时的功能      1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。      2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。      3.表示客观现实。如：T

6、he earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。      一般现在时的构成      1. be动词：主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如：      I am a boy.我是一个男孩。      2.行为动词：主语 行为动词( 其它)。如：      We study English.我们学习英语。 

7、     当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。      【No. 2】一般现在时的变化      1. be动词的变化。      否定句：主语 be not 其它。      如：He is not a worke

8、r.他不是工人。      一般疑问句：Be 主语 其它。      如：-Are you a student?      -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.      非凡疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。      否定句：主语 don't( doesn

9、9;t ) 动词原形( 其它)。如：      I don't like bread.      当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：      He doesn't often play.      一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如：      - Do you often

10、play football?      - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.      当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：      - Does she go to work by bike?      - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.     

11、0; 动词 s的变化规则      1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks      2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes      3以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies      一般现在时用法专练:

12、      一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数      drink _ go _ stay _ make _      look _ have_ pass_ carry _      come_ watch_ plant_ fly _      study_ brush_ do_ teach_     

13、; wash_      二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。      1. He often _(have) dinner at home.      2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.      3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.      4. Nick _(not go

14、) to the zoo on Sunday.      5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?      6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?      7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?      8. The girl _(teach) us English on

15、Sundays.      9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.      10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.      11. Mike _(like) cooking.      12. They _(have) the same hobby.   &

16、#160;  13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.      14. You always _(do) your homework well.      15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.      16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.     

17、; 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.      18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.      19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.      20. What day _(be) it today?      Its Saturday&#

18、160;          三、现在进行时      1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing.      3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。      4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。    

19、;  5现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为：      疑问词不达意 be 主语 动词ing?      但疑问词当主语时其结构为：      疑问词不达意 be 动词ing?      动词加ing的变化规则      1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking      2

20、以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting      3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping      现在进行时专项练习：      一、写出下列动词的现在分词：      play_ run_ swim _make_   

21、0;  go_ like_ write_ _ski_      read_ have_ sing _ dance_      put_ see_ buy _ love_      live_ take_ come _ get_      stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_      二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 

22、;     1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.      2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .      3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.      4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?     

23、 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .      6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.      7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .      8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.   

24、0;  9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now      10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .      四、将来时理论及练习      一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomor

25、row（后天）等。      二、基本结构：be going to do；      will do.      三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。      例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afterno

26、on.   四、同义句：be going to = will      I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.      练习：      填空。      1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。      I_ _ _ have a

27、picnic with my friends.      I _ have a picnic with my friends.      2.我们将要学习英语      We _ _ _ learn English.      We _ learn English.     五、一般过去时     

28、 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。      2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：      am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）      are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）      3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子  

29、    否定句：didnt 动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.      动词过去式变化规则：      1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work_-worked , cook-cooked      2结尾是e加d，如：live_lived      3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed

30、，如：stop-stopped      4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied      5不规则动词过去式：      am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put

31、-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat      过去时练习      写出下列动词的过去式      isam_ plant_ are _      drink_ play_ go_ make _      does_

32、dance_ worry_ ask _      taste_ eat_ put _      kick_ pass_ do _      Be动词的过去时练习（1）      Name _ No. _ Date _      一、用be动词的适当形式填空      1. I _ at school

33、 just now.      2. He _ at the camp last week.      3. We _ students two years ago.      4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.      5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.    

34、0; 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.      8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.      一、用be动词的适当形式填空      1. I _ an English teacher now.   &#

35、160;  2. She _ happy yesterday.      3. They _ glad to see each other last month.      行为动词的过去时练习（2）      Name _ No. _ Date _      一、用be动词的适当形式填空      1. I _ (watch) a ca

36、rtoon on Saturday.      2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.      3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)      4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?      5. _ he _

37、 (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.      6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.      7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.      8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find

38、) a beautiful butterfly.      六、人称代词和物主代词      主格宾格 形容词性 名词性      I me my mine      you you youryours      he him his his      she her her hers &

39、#160;    itit its its      we us our ours      they them theirtheirs      习题      一.用所给词的适当形式填空      1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is ve

40、ry big. ( I )      2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )      3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )      4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )      二、用am, i

41、s, are 填空      1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.      2. The girl_ Jack's sister.      3. The dog _ tall and fat.      4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.      5.

42、_ your brother in the classroom?      6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.      7. How _ your father?      8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.      9. Whose dress _ this?     

43、10. Whose socks _ they?语法及练习1  be动词Be 动词的用法：(1) Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，复数全用are。(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.(3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. A

44、re they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.用恰当的be动词填空。1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.2. The girl_ Jack's sister.3. The dog _ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom?6. Where _ your mother? She _ at

45、 home.7. How _ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.9. Whose dress _ this?10. Whose socks _ they?11. That _ my red skirt.12. Who _ I?13.The jeans _ on the desk.14. Here _ a scarf for you.15. Here _ some sweaters for you.16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Lin

46、g.18. The two cups of milk _ for me.19. Some tea _ in the glass.20. Gao shan's shirt _ over there.21. My sister's name _Nancy.22. This _ not Wang Fang's pencil.23. _ David and Helen from England?24. There _ a girl in the room.25. There _ some apples on the tree.26. _ there any kites in t

47、he classroom?27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle?28. There _ some bread on the plate.29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.30. You, he and I _ from China. 语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时

48、后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一.填写代词表主格。I   itwe   you     them  his   your    hers    二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dres

49、s is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Show _ yo

50、ur kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera

51、. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother. _

52、is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ）22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )语法及练习3 名词复数和动词三单一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,

53、watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-J

54、apanese练习：写出下列各词的复数。I _  him _  this _  her _   watch _ book_child _ photo _ diary _   day_  foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _   box_  strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_   woman_ paper_ people_二动词三单的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-c

55、ooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink _   go _   stay _   make _   look _have_    pass_   carry _   &

56、#160;  come_    watch_plant_    fly _   study_   brush_    teach_语法及练习4 一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the

57、 sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a

58、student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I do

59、n't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?一般现在时用法专练:一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(

60、not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) c

61、ooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su

62、Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.二、按照要求改写句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _5. We go to school every mornin

63、g.(改为否定句) _6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does h

64、e likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 语法及练习5 现在进行时现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词