2022年2021初一英语名词讲解及练习

1、名词一、名词分类：名词分为 普通名词 和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger 等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice 等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education 等。专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如cheng du, china, obama, china central television 等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词： 可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词 : 表示个体的

2、人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。a. 单数表示 “ 一个 ” 的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a 或 an。如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果） 、an orange（一个橘子）等。b. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如 two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周） 等。集合名词： 表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture 复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复

3、数形式的构成词形复数形式的构成方法例 词大多数名词在词尾加 -s。 （在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音及元音后读 z。 ）cat cats book-books dog-dogs bag bags boy- boys 以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词在词尾加-es, 读作 iz。glass glasses match matches 以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词把 y 变成i , 加 -es, 读作 iz city cities 但专有名词例外，直接在y 后加 -s, 读作z canadian canadians american americans 以辅音字母+o 结尾的名词一般直接加-es,读作

4、z; tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 某些词例外 ,加 -s kilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos 以元音字母 +o 结尾的名词直接加-s, 但读作 z zoo zoos radio radios 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词有的直接加-s, 读作 z roof roofs 大多数要将f 或 fe 变为 v,再加 -es,读作 z leaf leaves wife wives knifeknives yourself-yourselves 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5、- 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -不规则名词复数形式的构成注意事项 :只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks 单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police 特殊名词的讲解：people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。there are five people in m

6、y family. 我家有五口人。there are fifty-six peoples in our country. 我们国家有56 个民族。clothes 等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例： my favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts ， scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of 表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例： your pants are blue. this pair of pants is mine. 集体名词看作

7、整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。his family is a large family. 指整体his family like animals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：fish 鱼 fishes鱼的种类 , paper纸 papers报纸， 卷子， 论文 , work 工作works 作品，工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜 , orange 桔子水oranges橙子 , light 光线lights 灯 , people人peoples 民族 , time 时间times 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡例： hair 和 f

8、ruit 通常作单数，表示总体。my hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。i like fruit .it s good for you.我喜欢水果 ,水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式. homer simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。she likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。exercise: 一）在后面加s。如： cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, americans 1、some _ are f

9、lying kites near the river. a. child b. boy c. boys d. childs 复数形式的构成特点例 词通过改变词内元音字母man men foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice（老鼠）通过在词尾加 -en 或-ren ox oxen（牛）child children 单复数形式相同a sheep two sheep a deer two deer（鹿）a chinese two chinese（中国人）精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - -

10、 - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -二） x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： classclasses matchmatches box- boxes dish - dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. there are many_(fox) in the picture. 2the _ has two _. a. boys, watches b. boy, watch c. boy

11、, watches d. boys, watch 三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories 1. their_ _(dictionary) look new.以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u) 如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以 o结尾 (没有生命的 )加 s（外来词）。如：photos，zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）加es：如 : tomatoe

12、s 西红柿 , potatoes 马铃薯1、we need some more_. can you go and get some, please? a. potato b. potatos c. potatoes d.potatoe 2there are lots of _ in the basket on the table. a. tomatos b. tomato c. tomatoes d. tomatoss 3. lets take_ _(photo), ok? 4. i have lots of_ _(tomato) here.五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 es

13、。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 1、please remember to give the horse some tree_ _. a. leafs b. leaves c. leaf d.leave 2、twelve _ _ were hurt, but no _ _ were lost in that accident. a.person;life b.people;lives c.peoples;lives d.persons;life 3

14、. the_ _(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , chinese, japanese, germen 1、-are there any _ on the farm? -yes, there are some. a. horse b. duck c. chicken d. sheep 2、there are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. a. sheeps, people b. sheep, people c. sheeps, peoples d

15、. sheep, peoples 3can you see nine _ in the picture? a. sheep b. dog c. pig d. horse 4there are four _ and two _ in the group. a. japanese, germen b. japaneses, germen c. japanese, germans d. japaneses, germans 5. how many_(sheep) are there on the hill?七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses,

16、 gloves, clothes, socks 1. there are five_(people ) in his family. 2、there are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. a. sheeps, people b.sheep, people c. sheeps, peoples d. sheep, peoples 3、twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident. a.person;life b.people;lives c.peoples;lives d.pers

17、ons;life 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -police 警察局，警察 , class班，同学 , family 家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, looker-on lookers-on 1、th

18、e police investigated those _ about the accident. a. stander-by c. standers-by b. stander-bys d. standers-bys 但如果是由man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 1、all the _ in the hospital got a rise last month. a.women doctors c.woman doctors b. women doctor d

19、.woman doctor 2two _ would come to the village. a.woman-doctors b.women doctor c.women doctors d.woman doctors 3. they are_(woman) doctors. 十）特殊形式的有：man-men, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmen ，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth 1、one _ of mike s was hurt in the

20、accident yesterday. a. tooth b.feet c.hand d.ear 2、the little baby has two _ already. a. tooth b. tooths c. teeth d. teeths 3. the cat caught two _ last night. a. mouses b. mice c. mouse d. mices 4the japanese _ will not leave china until she finishes her study. a. woman b. women c. man d. men 5the

21、boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. a. tooth b. tooths c. teeth d. teeths 6. the deer has four _. a. foot b. feet c. feets d. foots 7. the baby has only two_(tooth) now.(2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice 抽象名词： 表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happiness,

22、 help 普通名词专有名词注意事项 ：个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词不可数名词精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与 a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little 等词。如 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk 2.

23、 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词 +量词 +of+名词来表述。用量词修饰时，首先 要注意量词的单复数；然后 要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如：one bag of rice. one kilo of apples. ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples. exercise: 1、they are thirsty. will you please give them _ ? a. some bottles of waters b. some bottles of water c. some bottle of water d.

24、 some bottle of waters 2、there is some _ on the plate(盘子 ). a. cakes b. meat c. potato d. pears 3、please pass me _. a. two glass of water b. two glasses of waters c. two glasses of water d. two glass water 4、this table is made of _. a. many glass b. glasses c. some glasses d.glass 5、mr. smith always

25、 has _ to tell us. a. some good pieces of news b. some pieces of good news c. some good piece of news d. some piece of good news 6、generally there are _ television programs for children on saturday. a.little b. much c.a large number of d.a large amount of 对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how

26、 much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如：i would like two apples. how many apples would you like? i want some bread. how much bread do you want? i want three glasses of water.how many glasses of water do you want ？询问价格用how much ，如 : how much is the coat? how much are the coats? 二. 名词的所有格所有格的构成：1. 有生

27、命的名词2. 无生命的名词有生命的名词（1）一般单数名词后加s. 如： my brothers book，jacks cat，the girls pen （2）以 -s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加 。如： the girls dormitory ，a teachers college 注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加s.如： womens clothes. （3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加s，如：tom and peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加s. 如： toms and peters rooms 汤

28、姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无生命名词 : 无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+ 名词 ” 的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room （房间的窗户）a picture of the horse （一张马的照片）精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -名词习题一写出下列名词的复数形式：1. house _ 2. it _

29、3. zoo _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. this_ 22. german _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28.

30、 chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. american _ 33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 41.tooth _ 42.mouth_ 二选择填空：1. i want to buy _. a. two bottles of ink b. two bottle of ink c. two bottle of inks d. two bottles of inks 2. they d

31、on t have to do _ today. a. much homework b. many homeworks c. many homework d. much homeworks 3. there are three _ and seven _ in the picture. a. cows, sheeps b. cows, sheep c. cow, sheep d. cow, sheeps 4. june 1 is _. a. children s day b. children s day c. children s day d. children s day 5. _ roo

32、m is next to their parents . a. kate s and joan s b. kate s and joan c. kate and joan s d. kate and joan 6. miss green is a friend of _. a. mary s mother s b. mary s mother c. mary mother s d. mother s of mary 7. sheep _ white and milk _ also white. a. is, are b. are, is c. is, is d. are, are 8. i d

33、 like to have a glass of milk and _. a. two breads b. two pieces of breads c. two pieces of bread d. two piece of bread 9. many _ are singing over there. a. woman b. women c. girl d. child 10. he bought _. a. two pairs of shoes b. two pair of shoes c. two pairs of shoe d. two pair of shoe 11. mr. wh

34、ite has three _. a. child b. children c. childs d. childrens 12. -are these _? - no, they aren t. they re _. a.sheep, cows b. sheep, cow c. sheeps, cow d. sheeps, cows 13. there are many _ in the fridge. a. fish b. fruit c. eggs d. bread 14. - whose room is this? - it s _. a. li ming b. li ming s c.

35、 li mings d. li mings 15. here are _ for you, sue. a. potatos b. some potatoes c. three tomatos d. some tomato 16. here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. a. wish b. hope c. wishes d. hopes 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - -

36、 - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -17. i always go to that _ to buy food on sunday. a. shop b. park c. zoo d. garden 18. _ room is on the 5th floor. a. lucy and lily b. lucy and lily s c. lucy s and lily d. lucy s andlily s 19. mum, i m quite thirsty. please give me _. a. two orange b

37、. two bottle of oranges c. two bottles of orange d. two bottles of oranges 20. 10. the cat caught two _ last night. a. mouses b. mice c. mouse d. mices 21. i met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. a. janpaneses b. american c. chineses d. english 22. there are two _ in the room. a

38、. shelf b. shelfs c. shelfes d. shelves 23. there are seven _ in a week. a. years b. months c. days d. minutes 24. my father is a _. he works in a hospital. a. teacher b. doctor c. farmer d. writer 25. - excuse me, are you _? - yes, i m from _. a. japan, japanese b. china, chinese c. england, englis

39、h d. american, america 26. they are _ jackets. a. lucy s b. lucy 27. what color is _ coat. a. peter s b. peter 28. these are _ books. a. teachers s b. teachers 29. they are _ ice creams a. children b. childrens30. this is _ bag. a. tom and peter b.tom s and peter s 31. where are _ . a. the school s

40、students b. students of the school 32. those are _ bags. a. drivers s b. drivers33.this bag is _ . a. mary s and tom s b. mary and toms34. _ fathers are coming. a. mary s and kate s b. mary s and kate c. mary and kates35.how _ are these books? a. many b. much 36. this pair of pants _ blue. i like _

41、very much. a. is, it b. are, them c. is, them d. are, it 37.how _ glasses of water do you want? a. many b. much 38. this is _. a. mike and jims bike b. mikes and jim bike c. mikes and jims bike d. mike and jim bike 39. these are _. a. amy and lingling s room b. amy s and lingling s roomc. amy s and lingling s rooms d. amy and lingling s room40. my _