初中英语八年级下册Unit1知识点语法精讲精练2

1、module 1 social communication unit 1 helping those in need（ 1） wordsraise v. 筹募，增高，增加permission n. 准许，不行数名词ask permission 报请批准disabled adj. 丢失才能的 able adj. 有才能的be able to = canofferv.主动提出offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事，serious adj. 严峻的ly adv. organize v. 组织organization n.lonely adj.孤独的alone difficulty n. 困

2、难difficult adj.困难的hurt v. 损害hurt oneself伤了自己hurt , hurt pay v. 付费pay for与 take cost spend 的区分（ 2） phrasesin need 需要帮忙的voluntary work义务工作ask permission报请批准suffer from因受苦raise one s sp使irit振s 奋= cheer upin order to目的在于so that 为的是与 sothat的区分make friends with与交伴侣 look after = take care of = care for照料be

3、cause of由于与 because 的区分 talk to / with / about谈论teach sb. to do sth. 交某人做某事offer to do sth主动提出做某事take photos of 照相help sb. do / with sth.帮忙某人做某事continue to do sth.连续做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事in good health身体健康be afraid of + n. / pron / doing可怕enjoy oneself / doing玩的开心 /喜爱做某事 decide to do sth. 打算做某事（ 3

4、） sentences1 i met a girl called cindy.我遇见一个叫森迪的女孩；过去分词作后置定语called = named2 we taught them to tell stories . 我们教他们讲故事；telltalkspeaksay 的区分tell告“诉，叙述 ”，把某事 / 信息传达给别人tell storiestell a lietalk交“谈，讲话 ”， talk to / with sb.talk about sth.speak说“，发言 ”， + 语言say说“”， 强调说话的内容；3 we spent time with a girl calle

5、d vivien .我们和一个叫薇薇安的女孩共度时间；spend花“费 ” 主语（人） + spends + money / time +（ in） doing sth. / on + n.4 i taught them to sing because music can bring then joy and peace .我教他们唱歌是由于音乐可以给他们带来欢乐和安静；teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事bringtakegetcarry的区分bring带“来 ” +双宾语-来remember to bring me the pictures.take“带到，去 ”去-i w

6、on t take you here .get去某处将某人/ 物带到说话人处please get some paper for me .carry强调负重或搬运hecarried a baby on his back . 5 one of them had difficulty walking .其中有一位病人行走困难； one of +可数名词复数/ 代词复数谓语动词用单数one of + the +形容词最高级+ 复数名词“最之一 ” 6 he used to love sport until he hurt his legs in an accident . 他过去喜爱运动，直到他在一起

7、事故中双腿受伤；until“直到才 ”a until与连续性动词连用时，动词用确定形式；e.g.we walked until it got dark .b until与非连续性动词连用时，动词用否定形式；e.g.the little girl didn t stop crying until she sthaewr h. er mo4grammar动词不定式结构：to + 动词原形（有时 to 可省略）用法：1作宾语（作及物动词的宾语，不作介词宾语）2作宾补放在宾语后，表示宾语是什么或怎么样；remember to post the letter .ask , tell , like , l

8、ove , hate , would like , teach , want , etc. e.g.the doctor wanted him to have a good rest .3 作目的状语常用逗号与句子隔开，在末尾时，就不用；e.g.to get there on time , we set out at five in the morning .he goes there to enjoy the fresh air .5practicemillions of数百 万的be unable to不能be able to能 = cansince then 从那时以来close to靠

9、近in order to为了 in hospital 生病住院in the hospital 在医院6exercise用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空；1 i plan go to canada this summer . 2 did they enjoy them in the park .3 he decided live in another city .4 it took us two hours get to beijing by train .5 a restaurant needs lots of water for wash the dishes . 6 what do we u

10、se clean toilets .7 my father is too tired . he needs rest . 8 thank you for look after my sister .9 don t forget close the window when you leave .10 it is very bad pollute the groundwater . 11 they offered to help those in need .12 he is disabled to swim in the river . 13 jack was serious hurt in t

11、he accident .14 tom didn t come to school today because he was illness .15 i like organize parties .it is very interesting . 16 she fell onto the ground and felt very pain .17 last night , my parents went out . so i watched tv lonely . 18 miss white has no friends , so she often feels lonely .19 the

12、 new neighbour is very friendship . 20 this book is very difficulty for me .unit 1 helping those in need一重点词汇详解： 1. helping those in need.in need:意为 “有困难的 ”常位于名词后作后置定语in need of需要 什么例： a friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情！the buildings is in need of painting.这座建筑需要粉涮； 2. could you give me a han

13、d. here you are. give sb a hand: =帮忙某人 3. to ask permission to raise money（ 1）permission n. = agreement 准许；批准ask permission to do sth报请批准permit v. -过去式：- 过去分词：permit sb. to do sth. =. 答应某人做某事（ 2）raisev. 筹集；提升；增加=move it higher第三人称单数：过去式：过去分词：现在分词：搭配： raise one s vo提ic高e 嗓门； raise a family养家糊口； raise

14、 money 筹款；raise price 提高价格； raise one s sp打irit起s 精神raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养 ”的意思，如：raise children （抚养孩子）辨析： raise, riserise-rose-risen 的区分这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同；raise 是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise 是不及物动词，其主语通常是物；例如： the sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地；if you want to ask question, please raise your

15、hand.假如你想问问题，请举手！ 4. three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.（ 1） teenagers： n 青少年在口语中常用teen 来表示 “青少年 ”（ 2）offer ： v. =be willing to do something 主动提出offer to do sth.主动提出peter offered to teach them water-skiing.彼得主动提出教他们滑水；辨析： provide, offer, give 的区分：1). provide

16、 仅仅是出于某种责任，强调供应必需用的东西，特别是生活用品；常用于 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.的固定搭配中；2). offer 表示主动供应服务、工作等；常用于offer sb. sth. 或 offer sth. to sb.固定搭配中；例如： offer sb.主动提出帮忙某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资；3). give 意为 “给”常用于give sb sth=give sth to sb给某人某物（ 3）voluntary ： adj.自愿的，自发的；无偿的；adv：自愿地自愿者练习：

17、 1. schools need to help children to read.学校需要义务工作者帮忙儿童阅读；2. in her spare time she does work. 她在业余时间做义工； 5. the children there all suffer from serious illnesses.（ 1） suffer： v （因疾病等）受苦，受磨练she suffered greatly as a child.她童年深受苦难；suffer from 因而痛楚 , 指长期的或习惯性的痛楚或困难；1). suffer from+ 疾病名词（或者他人闲言碎语、劳累、记忆力减

18、退等），表示患病、为受苦；she suffers from headache. 她患头痛病；2). suffer from+ 自然灾难china suffered from bad floods in 2021. 2021年中国遭受严峻的水灾（ 2） serious： adj 严峻的= bad and dangerousadv.serious 仍有以下意思：1). 仔细的：he is a serious student and works very hard.他是一个仔细的同学，学习特别努力；2). 庄重的：be serious. don t make fun of me.庄重点！别拿我开玩笑

19、！（ 3） illnessn. （某种）病 = in bad healthill adj.生病的 ; 坏的留意：当 illness 表示某种详细的疾病时，是可数名词，但当表示“疾病，生病期间”是不行数名词；fall ill病倒了feel ill感觉不舒适、生病speak ill of sb.说某人的短处例： the children there all suffer from serious illness.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的磨练；同根词： illadj. 有病的（比较级： worse, 最高级： worst ）辨析： ill, sick 的区分：1). ill 和 sick 都有 “生病

20、的； 有病的 ”之意， 但用法并不完全相同；ill 表示 “生病的； 有病的 ”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人 ”可以说 a sick man 或 the sick, 但不能说 an ill man 或 the ill ；例如： she is ill/sick in bed.她卧病在床；she is looking after her sick father.她在照料她生病的父亲；2). sick有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意；例如： the smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心；ill 作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的 ”

21、之意；例如： he is an ill child.他是一个坏孩子； 6. we organized a painting competition for them.（ 1）organizev. 组织策划n. 组织者n. 组织（ 2）competitionn. 竞赛v. 竞赛n. 竞赛者adj. 有竞争力的 7. i met a girl called cindy.called 被叫做=named 名为the girl called lucy is one of the best students in our school.那个被叫做lucy 的女孩是我们学校最好的同学之一 8. we ta

22、ught them to tell stories.taught - 一般现在时 ：老师：用法： teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事teach sb how to do sth 教某人怎样做某事teach us english教某人英语teach oneself自学 9. this helps them express their feelings.（ 1）help v/n 意为 “帮忙 ”用法： help sb to do sth/do sth 帮忙某人做某事help sb with sth帮忙某人某事with the help of sb = with one在 s的h帮e

23、l助p 下（ 2） expressv. 表达；表露n. 表达 ; 表情 ; 习惯用语 常用复数 当 express 表示 “表达，表示 ”之意是后不加双宾语1). he expressed his thanks to her.2). he expresses her his thanks.x练习：1). words cannot how pleased i am.言语无法表达我的开心心情；2). teenagers often have difficulty themselves.青少年在表达思想方面常常有困难； 10. my friends dont understand mpyain.pa

24、in n 身体上的 疼痛adj 痛楚的，苦恼的 11. she is unhappy and very lonely. lonely adj 孤独的，孤寂的辨析： lonely， alone 的区分：1). alone 既可以用作形容词，又可以用作副词，意为 “独自的（地），单独的（地） ”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情形， alone 用作形容词时，一般与 be 动词连用，在句子中作表语she is alone at home. i like to work alone.2). lonely只作形容词，在句子中既可以作定语，又可以作表语，其比较级和最高级形式：loneli

25、er-loneliestlonely 用作定语时，意为“无人烟的，荒芜的，偏僻的”等，用作表语时，可以表示“孤独的，孤寂的 ”之意，带有深厚的感情颜色，具有“希望得到同伴 ”的含义；that is a lonely island.i was alone but i didnfeel tlonely. 11. she needs friendship. friendshipn. 友情；友情同根词： friendn. 伴侣复数： friends.friendlyadj. 友好的friendlinessn. 友善 12. i will continue to visit vivien.continu

26、e to do sth = go on doing sth意为 “连续做某事 ” 13. i wanted to help disabled children.disabledadj.有伤残的；丢失才能的；不中用i taught disabled children to sing.我教残疾的孩子唱歌；同根词： disablev. = make sb. unable to do sth.使无才能；使残废，使伤残the disable 表示残疾这一类人；enablev. = make sb. able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事搭配： mentally disabled有智力缺陷l

27、earning disabilities学习障碍 14. they have difficulty walking and moving.have difficulty in doing sth表示 “做某事有困难”= have trouble in doing sth如后接名词：就常用have difficulty with sth的结构 15. because music can bring them joy and peace. joy n. = happiness / pleasure 兴奋，欢乐，欢乐adj.兴奋的adv.兴奋地to one s jo使y某人兴奋的是.练习：1. lo

28、oking after the baby is both painful and.2. they greeted him .3. we should study with .peacen. 寂静；安静adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；寂静的；寂静的t he nobel peace prize 诺贝尔和平奖evening in the country is a very peaceful time.乡村里的今晚是寂静静谧的时刻； 16. he hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage.couragen. 士气；英勇he show

29、ed great courage and determination.他表现得特别英勇和坚决；同根词： encouragev. 勉励，激励；支持；促进；encourage sb to sth 勉励某人做某事my english teacher often encourages us to read english aloud.unit 1 helping those in need一 . 按要求写单词；permission （动词）：volunteer（形容词） ：ill （名词）：lonely （比较级）：difficult （名词）：pain（形容词）：expression（动词）：joy

30、 （形容词） ：pay（过去式）：organize（名词）：peaceful（名词）：raise（现在分词） ：二 . 从方框中挑选适当的短语并用其正确形式填空；ask permissionraise moneyin needvoluntary workoffer tosuffer fromspend time withcontinue tohave difficultyraise onespirsits1. my grandfather hasa serious heart disease for a long time.2. my frienddrive me to the airport

31、 last week because it was raining hard and i couldn taxi.3. the studentscompleting the project withoutany help from adults. so most of them asked their parents for help.4. i think you need tobefore you use wendy s computer.5. we should use the money to help those people.6. i don t want to go to pari

32、s for such a short holiday. i d rather stay matyhkoidmse.7. cheer up. simon. drink a cup of coffee now and it may.8. the students at guangzhou middle school willfor the children in poor areas.and9. nowadays, more and more teenagers take part into help people they don t know at all.10. after judy com

33、pleted her maths homework, shedo more physics exercises.三 . 依据划线部分在句中的意思，找出意思最接近的选项；1. the ole man is ill in these days.a. worriedb. in good healthc. in bad healthd. nervous2. if you know the answer, please raise your hand.a. get upb. put upc. use upd. stand up3. do you have trouble learning english

34、.a. difficultyb. decisionsc. memoryd. ideas4. the fans were very happy when the team won the final match.a. in troubleb. in low spiritsc. in high spiritsd. in danger5. jack got up early to catch the school bus.a. because ofb. instead ofc. so thatd.in order to6. after his wife died, he livedalone.a.

35、unhappilyb. by himselfc. lonelyd. badly7. tony didn t go to school because heswicaksyesterday.a. lonelyb. illc. gladd. fit8. they offered to help those in need.a. refused tob. providedc. were willing to gived. helped9. they have permission to build 500 new schools.a. are madeb. have decisionc. have

36、directiond. are allowed10. tim fell off the bike andhurt his legs.a. injuredb. madec. expressedd. stayed四用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成句子；1. they havedifficult walking or moving.2. why do you think it is very important to ask your parents. permit 3. motherpay ten dollars for the english dictionary.4. in her spare

37、time she does volunteer work.5. looking after the baby is both painful andjoy.6. i am really hungry. can i stopeat something.7. mr. liu often teaches us howspeak english well.8. i asked himlend me ten yuan, but he didn t.9. let sgo shopping today if it doesn t rain.10. it took me two daysfinish the

38、job.11. please tell the boysnot make any noise, my baby is sleeping.12. the girlname lucy is one of the best students in our school.13. if you know the answer, you canraise your hand.14. you shouldexpression your feeling clearly.15. i didn t decide whengo yesterday.语法：动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，可以在句子中作主语、宾语

39、、定语、状语和宾语补足语等；动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形 ”，但 to 有时可以省略；动词不定式在句子中不做谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化；一动词不定式作宾语：基本结构：动词+动词不定式动词不定式可以在agree, choose, decide, learn, plan, hope, promise, want, seem, would, like 等后面做宾语；如： i want to play basketball.我想玩篮球；i agree to meet susan outside the cinema. 我同意在电影院外跟苏珊见面； 有些动词后面可以跟“疑问词 +动词不

40、定式 ”这种结构，这些动词包advise， ask，decide，discuss， forget ， know ，learn ， remember， show， teach， tell 等如： we teach him how to walk.我们教他走路；i forgot what to do.我遗忘要做什么了；二动词不定式作宾语补足语：基本结构：动词+宾语（名词 / 代词） +动词不定式动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有带to 和省略 to的两种情形；（ 1）常跟带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，ask，tell ，order，invite ，allow ，wish ，ge

41、t， want，encourage 等；如 : my teacher often encourages us to study hard.我的老师常常勉励我们要努力学习；tom asked me not to sleep in class.tom 叫我不要在课堂上睡觉；（ 2）常跟省略to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：使役动词let, make, have 等，感官动词 see, feel, notice 等； 如： you can let the girl go first.你可以让那个女孩子先走；i saw him open the door.我观察他开门；三动词不定式表目的：动词不

42、定式仍可以用来表示某一动作或状态的目的；动词不定式也可以位于句首；如： she went to the department store to buy a new book.她去百货商店是为了买本新书；to learn english well, you should speak english as much as possible.想学好英语， 应当尽可能多的说英语；动词不定式专题练习一用括号内“动词 +动词不定式 ”的结构完成以下句子；1. it is spring now. our monitor want, organize a class trip.2. what would yo

43、u like, drink, tea or coffee.3. i hope, travel around the world when i grow up.4. at last, her parents agree, live in the city with her.5. sandy prepare, make a speech at the evening party now.6. the two boys will learn, swim in the swimming club.7. you have poor eyesight, so you can choose, sit in

44、the front of the classroom.8. please remember, close the door when you leave the room.9. don't forget, take an umbrella with you because it is going to rain.10. look. the little girl try, wake her mum up.11. the police make everyone leave the building at once.12. the driver let the old. travel o

45、n the bus without a ticket.13. jack have his brother wash the dishes yesterday.14. i don't let people smoke in my car.二连词成句；留意使用正确的时态：1. tomorrow/l/encourage/janet/enter/the competition.2. i was already tired, but i/force/myself go on working.3. ann/teach/mary/drive/last year.4. don't worry.

46、 tomorrow i/persuade/my father/see/a doctor.5. last sunday, john/invite/sheila/come/for lunch.6. next year the teachers/allow/the students /use/ calculators in exams.三 .依据括号中的内容提示,用动词不定式完成句子:1. policewoman: can everyone please stay indoors.the policewoman asked everyone 2. jane: remember to come hom

47、e early, tim.jane reminded tim 3. manager: you must work more quickly.the manager wants us 4. captain: let's do our best in the game.the captain encouraged us 5. joe: can you come to my party next saturday.joe invited me unit 1 helping those in need一、重点词汇讲解1. raisev. 筹集；提升；增加第三人称单数：raises过去式： ra

48、ised过去分词： raised现在分词： raising搭配： raise money 筹款； raise money for为筹款raise ones voic提e高嗓门；例如： they raisedmoney for homeless people.raise price 提高价格； raise one s sp打irit起s 精神raise = keep 有 “饲养，抚养 ”的意思，如：raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口）和raise children （抚养孩子）辨析： raise, riserise-rose-risen 的区分(1) 这两个词都有“提

49、高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同；raise 是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise 是不及物动词，其主语通常是物；例如：the sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地；bath n.沐浴，浴室bathe v. 沐浴，洗，（光线）布满(2) raise 和 rise 用于同一事物时含义不同；例如：the price of tv sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了； （政府或厂家主动行动）the price of tv sets has risen recently.最近电视机提价了； （市场调剂）2.

50、permission n. = agreement 准许；批准搭配： ask permission 报请批准write a letter to the head teacher toto raise money. 给校长写一封信恳求答应筹钱；同根词： permit v. = allow you to do it许可，准许；默许the guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.学问拓展：(1) 表示恳求某人答应自己做某事，通常与动词ask, ask for, request 连用； she asked for permiss

51、ion to leave work early. 她恳求许可早点下班；(2) 表示答应某人做某事，通常与动词give 连用；who gave you permission to come here.谁准许你到这里来的3 表示不答应某人做某事，通常与动词refuse/ deny 连用；the school has been refused permission to expand.学校扩充未得到答应3. disabled adj.丢失才能的；有残疾的i taught disabled children to sing.我教残疾的孩子唱歌；同根词： disable v. = make sb. un

52、able to do sth.使残废，使伤残he is disabled from voting.他失去了选举资格；enable v.n'e.b.l= make sb. able to do sth.使（某人）能够做某事the new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.新的检测手段应当能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病；搭配： mentally disabled有智力缺陷learning disabilities学习障碍4. offer v. = be willing to do something主动提出搭配：of

53、fer to do sth.主动提出去做某事，情愿做某事peter offered to teach them water-skiing.彼得主动提出教他们滑水；搭配： offe r one s han伸d 出友好的手offer sb. sth.为某人供应某物they have offered me a large sum of money to go away.他们曾为我供应一大笔搬迁费辨析： provide, offer 的区分：provide 用于表示无主动大方之意地为人或物供应需要或有用的东西， 仅仅是出于某种责任， 强调供应必需用的东西， 特别是生活用品 ,多数情形是免费的； 常用于 provide sb. with sth. 或 provid