初中英语八大时态总结2

1、.1 一般现在时的用法中学英语八大时态全套精讲1) 常常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用；时间状语：every, sometimes,at, on sundayi leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实；the earth moves around the sun.shanghai lies in the east of china.3) 表示格言或警句中；pride goes before a fall.骄者必败；留意： 此用法假如显现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时；例： c

2、olumbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性；i don't want so much.ann wang writes good english but does not speak well.比较： now i put the sugar in the cup.i am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬时动作；再如：now watch me, i switch on the current and stand back.其次句中的no

3、w 是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时；二. 构成及变化1、be 动词的变化确定句：主语+beam,is,are+其它；如：i am a boy.我是一个男孩；否定句：主语+ be + not + 其它；如： he is not a worker.他不是工人；一般疑问句：be +主语 +其它；如： -are you a student.-yes. i am. / no, i'm not.特别疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句；如：where is my bike.2、行为动词的变化当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do确定句：主语+动词原形 +其它 ；如：w

4、e often play basketball after school.否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形 +其它 ；如： we don t play basketball after school.一般疑问句：do +主语 +动词原形 +其它 .如：do you oftenplay basketballafter school l. yes, we do. / no, we don't.特别疑问句：疑问词+以 do 开头的一般疑问句.如：what do you often do after school .当主语为第三人称单数时,助动词为does确定句：主语+动词三单式

5、+其它 ；如：he swims well.否定句：主语+ doesn t+动词原形 +其它 ；如： he doesn t swim well.一般疑问句：does +主语 +动词原形 +其它；如： does he swim well .yes, he does. / no, he doesn't.特别疑问句：疑问词+以 does 开头的一般疑问句.如： how does your father go to work.三、第三人称单数的动词变化规章只有在第三人称为主语的确定句中，动词才用三单式1 多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays c

6、limbs.2 结尾是 s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母 ,结尾加 es : watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes13 动词末尾y 前为辅音 : 将 y 改为 i 加 es: study studies fly flies carry carries cry cries 但在 y 前假如为元音就直接加s:buys says2 一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；时间状语有： yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982yesterday

7、 morning afternoon,eveninglast night week, month, year,a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now, 等；where did you go just now.2）表示在过去一段时间内，常常性或习惯性的动作；when i was a child, i often played football in the street.whenever the browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型：it

8、 is time for sb. to do sth" 到时间了 "" 该了 " it is time sb. did sth. " 时间已迟了 ""早该了 "it is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了；it is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了； would had rather sb. did sth.表示 '宁愿某人做某事' i'd rather you came tomorrow.4 wish, wonder, think, h

9、ope等用过去时，作摸索性的询问、恳求、建议等；i thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些；比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在；christine was an invalid all her life.含义：她已不在人间；christine has been an invalid all her life.含义：她现在仍活着mrs. darby lived in kentucky for seven years.含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州； mrs. darby has lived in kentucky for seven y

10、ears. 含义：现在仍住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去留意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气；1）动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend等；did you want anything else.i wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词could, would.could you lend me your bike.3 used to / be used toused to + do：" 过去常常 " 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在；mother used not to be so forgetfu

11、l.scarf used to take a walk.过去常常漫步 be used to + doing： 对已感到习惯，或" 习惯于 "，to 是介词， 后需加名词或动名词；he is used to a vegetarian diet.2scarf is used to taking a walk. 现在习惯于漫步典型例题- your phone number again. i quite catch it.- it's 69568442.a. didn'tb. couldn'tc. don'td. can't答案a.本句虽没有

12、明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时；二、构成及变化1. be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was；was not=wasn tare 在一般过去时中变为were；were not=weren t带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are 一样，即否定句在was 或 were后加 not，一般疑问句把was 或 were 调到句首； 2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：确定句： 主语+ 动词的过去式.i watched a film last sunday .否定句： 主语 + d

13、idn t + 动词原形 . i didn t watch a film last sunday .一般疑问句： did +主语+动词原形.did you watch a film last sunday .yes, i did . no , i didn t .特别疑问句：疑问词+ 以 did 开头的一般疑问句. what did you do last sunday .3、现在进行时一、意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事；时间标志 now ，句前的look ,listen二、构成 :be am, is ,are +动词现在分词 -ing 形式确定句：主语+ be + 现在分词v-i

14、ng +其他 i m doing my homework now .否定句：主语 +be+not+ 动词 -ing + 其他 .i m not doing my homework now.一般疑问句： be+主语 +动词 -ing + 其他 . are you doing your home work now.yes, i am . no , i m not .特别疑问句：特别疑问词+be+主语 +动词 -ing+ 其他 . what are you doing now .三、现在分词的构成：1 一般在动词末尾直接加ing,2 以不发音字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加 ing，如 skate

15、 skating makemaking dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming3 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如：putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging3sitting getting forgetting letting四、现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在 指说话人说话时 正在发生的事情；we are waiting for you.b. 习惯进

16、行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行；mr. green is writing another novel.说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态； she is learning piano under mr. smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等；the leaves are turning red.it's getting warmer and warmer.d. 与 always, constantly, forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或连续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观颜

17、色；you are always changing your mind.典型例题my dictionary , i have looked for it everywhere but still it.a. has lost, don't findb. is missing, don't findc. has lost, haven't foundd. is missing, haven't found.答案d.前句是一个仍在连续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍旧存在，应用完成时，瞬时动词用于否定式时可用于完成时；9 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动

18、词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue i have two brothers.this house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词know,realize, thinksee, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hatei need you

19、r help.he loves her very much.3 瞬时动词accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.i accept your advice.4 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn you seem a little tired.4 过去进行时 1）概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段始终在进行的动作2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发

20、生的时候，另一个短动作发生；3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while4my brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. it was raining when they left the station.when i got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) mary a

21、dress when she cut her finger.a. madeb. is makingc. was makingd. makes答案 c. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时；同时，when 表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时 " 供应事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时；2) as she the newspaper, granny asleep.read； was fallingb. was reading ； fellc. was reading； was fallingd. read； fell答案 b.句中的 as = when, while ，意为 &qu

22、ot;当之时 " ；描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生；句意为" 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了； " 句中的fell fall的过去时 ，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick ；一、过去进行时结构：was/were+ 动词的现在分词否定句就在was/were 后加一个 not, 疑问句将was/were 提前就可；如： he was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.he was not reading a bookat 5:00 yesterday. was he reading a

23、 bookat 5:00 yesterday.yes, he was./ no, he wasnt. what was he doingat 5:00 yesterday.二、过去进行时用法：1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用；如：（ just ）then那时， 当时at this/that time在这 /那时yesterday afternoon昨天下午at nine在九点last night昨晚（ at ） this time yesterday在昨天这个时候但在不少情形下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示； what were you

24、 doing at nine last night.昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？ i was watching tv at home yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看电视； they were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球；2.过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作；常与thosedays, thewhole morning,from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连用；（1）from 1983 to 1998, he was teaching at

25、yale . 从 1983 到 1998 年，他正在耶鲁高校教书；（ 2） they were building a bridgelast winter. 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥；3he was writing a bookthose days . 那几天他正在写一本书3.过去进行时与频度副词always forever ， continually ， constantly 等连用时表示过去常常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、厌恶、颂扬或宠爱等心情； my sister was always forgetting things.表示埋怨 he was always helping others.

26、表示颂扬 4. 过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作；现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中； lucy arrived in beijing last friday. but shewas leaving for hong kong the next morning.上周五 lucy 到达北京，但其次天早晨就要动身去香港了；5 she asked him if he was coming back for lunch.她问他午饭是否预备回来吃；5、过去进行时和一般过去时的区分；（1）过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时

27、就表示一个完成的动作 ；也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，就强调动作的连续性； i wrote a letter this morning.今日上午我写了一封信；（信写完了）i was writing a letter this morning.今日上午我在写一封信；（信不肯定写完） the children watched tv yesterday evening.昨天晚上孩子们看了电视；（强调过去发生了这件事）the children were watching tv yesterday evening.昨晚孩子们都在看电视； （ 强调昨晚看电视这一动作的连续性）(2)

28、 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词 如 be， like ， love ， hate， fear， own ， hear， see， know ， want， notice 可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时；如：i hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我厌恶人们说话时口里含着食物；(3) 一般过去时与always ， constantly ， forever， continually 等连用，表示“过去常常性、 习惯性的动作”;而过去进行时与always， constantly ， forever ， cont

29、inually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感* 彩；如：he always got up at six.他过去总是六点起床；he was always thinking of his work.他总是一心想到工作；(4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的 ;而过去进行时表示一种较任凭或没有进行认真考虑的行为；如：i thought that he would agree with us.我原以为它会同意我们的；i was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice.我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议

30、6. 使用过去进行时应留意的几点(1) 动词 hope， wonder 等的过去进行常常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容， 但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉；如：i was wondering whether you could come to join us.我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动.7 下面几种情形不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：(1). 表示过去某一阶段临时性的习惯动作时；如：tom was getting up at six o clock every day that week.汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床；(2). 与 always 连用表示颂扬，厌烦等感情颜色时；如

31、：john was always coming to school late.约翰上学总是迟到；lei feng was always doing good deeds for the people.雷锋总是为人民做好事；(3) 用来描写故事发生的情形时；如：it was a dark night. the wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. a pla mansuddenly appeared on the river bank. he wanted to cross the river. 那是一个乌黑的夜晚，风刮得

32、很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然显现在河岸上，他想过河去；(4) when 作并列连词，表示“这时 突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时；如：i was taking a walk when i met him.我正在漫步，突然遇见了他；we were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了；(5) go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义；如：i was leaving for wuhan that day.那天我刚要

33、去武汉；she was coming later. 她随后就来；8 过去进行时表示动听语气只限于 want, hope, wonder等动词 ，用以提出恳求；如：6i was wondering if you could help me.i was hoping you could send me home.三、 when, while的用法when 和 while 与过去进行时有着亲密的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当.时候”之意，用法稍有不同：when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是连续性动词，而 while 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是连续性动词；when

34、引导的从句谓语动词假如是短暂性动词就用一般过去时，主句是连续性动词就用过去进行时，从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内（长动作用过去进行时， 短动作用一般过去时） ；假如主句和从句两个谓语动词都是连续性动词就全部用过去进行时 ,这时 when 和 while 都可以用；when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while 和 as 从句的谓语动作必需是和主句谓语动作同时发生；when 和 while 两个词仍可以用作并列连词，但意思不同，when 相当于“在那时” ，等于 at that time 或 just then; 而 while 就相当于“而；却；但是” ；相当于

35、 but,表示对比关系；（这一点临时可以不把握）eg. i was playing computer games when my father got home.= when my father got home,i was playing computer games.2 mother was cooking when/while i was doing my homework.= when/while i was doing my homework, mother was cooking.when + 短/延while + 延过去进行时巩固练习： （聪慧的你肯定能全部做对）1 simon

36、make a model plane at 8:00 a.m. 2 peter do his homework at seven last night.3 they watch a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night. 4 he try to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.5 what book you readwhen i seeyou at four yesterday afternoon.6 while she watch tv , her son play outside th

37、e room.7 it begin to rain while we work in the field.8 i do my homework last nightwhen the light go out. go out意为熄灭9 i saw you in the reading room yesterday , tom. what were you doing.-oh, i read some books on science.10. girls dance while boys sing at the party. 11.- did you see tim just now.- yes.

38、 he fish by the river.12.when the teacher come into the classroom, the students （ laugh） loudly.5 一般将来时一、意义： 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来常常或重复发生的动作；时间标志： tomorrow , soon ,next monday ,next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening7二. 构成及变化：一般将来常常用的两种结构be going to+ 动词原形: 表示准备、预备做的事或即将发生或确定要发生

39、的事；shall/will+ 动词原形: 表示将要发生的动作或情形，没有太多的方案性, 仍用来表示意愿 be going to + 动词原形确定句主语 +beam /,is,/ are going to + 动词原形 +其它成份my sister is going to learn english next year.我姐姐预备明年学英语；否定句主语 +beam / is / arenot going to + 动词原形+其它成份i am not going togo tothe cinema tonight.我今日晚上不准备去看电影；一般疑问句be am / is / are+ 主语 +go

40、ing to+ 动词原型 +其它成份.is your father going to play basketball with you .你父亲准备和你去打篮球吗.no , he isn t.不；.特别疑问句特别疑问词 wh-+ 一般疑问句.where are you going to spend spring fesital.春节你准备在哪过.留意 : be going to结构后面习惯上不跟go ， come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示；如: he s going to new york next week. 下周他要去纽约.will /shall + 动词原形在书面语中

41、，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，全部人称都可以用will1.确定句主语 +will/shall+ 动词原形 +其它成份 shall write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信；2.否定句主语+ will /shall+ not +动词原形+其它成份they won t watch tv this evening.今日晚上他们不看电视；3.一般疑问句will/shall+ 主语+动词原形 +其它成份will you stay at home with us tomorrow .明天你和我们呆在家里好吗.4.特别疑问句特别疑问词wh- + 一般疑问句when

42、will your father be back.你爸爸什么时侯回来.三、附:shall i /we常用来征求对方看法，而问对方是否情愿，或者表示客气的邀请，常用 will you.他们的回答比较敏捷；1. shall we go to the park .确定 sure , lets go .否定no , let s go to the cinema.2. will you please come to my birthday party next week .确定 yes, i will. / sure .否定i m sorry. i m afraid i can t.四、时间标志：tom

43、orrow , soon ,next monday ,next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening1) shall 用于第一人称，常被will所代替；will在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求看法常常用于其次人称；which paragraph shall i read first.will you be at home at seven this evening.2) be going to + 不定式，表示将来；a. 主语的意图，即将做某事；what are you going to do tomorrow.b. 方案，支配要发

44、生的事；8the play is going to be produced next month ；c. 有迹象要发生的事look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按方案或正式支配将发生的事；we are to discuss the report next saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为立刻做某事；he is about to leave for beijing.留意： be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连

45、用；5 be going to / will用于条件句时，be going to表将来will表意愿if you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror 6 be to 和 be going tobe to 表示客观支配或受人指示而做某事；be going to表示主观的准备或方

46、案；i am to play football tomorrow afternoon.客观支配 i'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 主观支配 .7 一般现在时表将来1）以下动词： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来；这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或支配好的事情；the train leaves at six tomorrow morning. when does the bus star. it stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动

47、作正在进行，如：here comes the bus. = the bus is coming. there goes the bell. = the bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中；when bill comes 不是 will come, ask him to wait for me. i'll write to you as soon as i arrive there.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that 等后； i hope they have a nice time next week.make sure

48、that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8 用现在进行时表示将来意为： "意图 "、"准备 "、" 支配 " 、常用于人；常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay 等；i'm leaving tomorrow.are you staying here till next week.6.过去将来时1. 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中；2. 时间状语： the next daymorning, ye

49、ar,the following monthweek,etc.3. 基本结构： was/were/going to + do； would/should + do.4. 否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5. 一般疑问句：was或 were放于句首； would/should提到句首；6. 例句： he said he would go to beijing the1 过去将来时由“助动词would+ 动词原形”构成；would 常缩略为 d；92 过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作

50、或存在的状态；过去将来常常用在宾语从句中；如：i didn't know if she would come；i wasn't sure whether he would do it ；wang lei said that she would visit her uncle next saturday ；过去将来时也可以用“waswere going to + 动词原形”来表示；如：i didn't know if she was going to come；wang lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next

51、 saterday；7 现在完成时用法 1：表示：过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果；标志词： already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法 2：表示：过去已经开头，连续到现在的动作或状态；标志词： for, since, sinceago基本结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have1确定式：主语+ have / has + 过去分词2否定式：主语+ have / has + not +过去分词3一般疑问句：have / has + 主语+ 过去分词yes, 主语+ have/has

52、.确定 no,主语+ haven't/hasn't.否定 4特别疑问句：特别疑问词 +have/has+主语 +过去分词例句 1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成；如： 1i have finished my homework.我做完家庭作业了；过去某时开头做，到现在已完成 2he has already come 他已经来了； 过去某时开头离开某地到这来，现在已在这；2. 表示动作发生在过去并连续到现在；如： 1i have studied english for six years.我已经学了六年英语了；六年前开头学英语，始终学到现在, 也可能连续学

53、也可能就此不学了； 2i have lived in shenyang since 1990.我从 1990 年就在沈阳住；从 1990 年开头住在沈阳始终住到现在，也可能连续住也可能就此为止；留意 1 当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for或 since 引导的状语； 例如： i ve known li li for 4 years.我熟悉丽丽已经4 年了；i have worked here since 8 years ago. 自从 8 年前我就在这工作；留意 2 当在确定陈述句中含有already 或 just 时，在转换成否定句时， 要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末

54、加上yet.；例如： i have already seen the film. - i haven t seen the film yet. he has just come. he hasn t come yet.使用时留意事项1.“ have/ has got ” 形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意思“有” ；如： have you got pen-friends. yes, i have.你有笔友吗 .是的，我有；has he got a lot of work to do. no, he hasn t.他有很多工作要做吗.不，他没有；2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区分have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人仍未回来10have/ has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用如： he has been to shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳；he has been in shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10 年了； has he gone to shenyang. 他去沈阳了吗