外国语学院英语专业毕业论文指导文件

1、外国语学院英语专业毕业论文指导文件thesis supervising document for english majorharvard (agps) stylea guide to referencing this guide uses the harvard or author-date system for referencing books, articles and non-books including internet sources. it is a modified version of the style presented in: style manual for au

2、thors, editors and printers, 6th ed，formerly known as the agps style manual. the author-date system can vary in minor features such as punctuation, capitalization, abbreviations and the use of italics. the most important principle in referencing is to be consistent. all sources used in assignments,

3、essays, reports and theses must be acknowledged in the text of your document giving the author's name followed by the publication date (these are called 'in-text citations'). note: if no author then use title, followed by publication date. a 'bibliography9 or "reference list，at

4、the end of your document contains the full details of all the in-text citations, arranged alphabetically. reference list and bibliography are often used interchangeably - a reference list only includes items you have referenced in your assignment whereas, a bibliography also includes items you used

5、to prepare your assignment (check with your lecturer/tutor which they require). referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to identify and consult any item to follow-up a cited author arguments.references in the text of your assignments (in-text citatio

6、ns)direct quotesa direct quote occurs when you use the author words exactly as they are written. use double quotation marks to enclose another author's words- for example,"the main aim of any strategy is to promote the continued variability of enterprise (white, 2004, pl59).direct quotes ca

7、n be short quotes or long quotes. short quotations with less than 30 words (or approx. 1-3 lines) are included directly in the running text with quotation marks. longer quotations are indented from text margin by 8 spaces and double-spaced, but without quotation marks- paraphrasingparaphrasing occur

8、s when you take an author idea and write it your own words. for example, there are many factors which affect the managerial approach (stair 2008) including . orstair (2008) comments on a number of factors.in the running text, the authors last name and publishing year are noted, so that the reader ca

9、n identify the source and find the complete information in the alphabetical reference list. if the authors name is included in the text, it is excluded from the information within the parentheses. single author: (last name, year)"referencing can initially seem the most confusing aspect of essay

10、 writing'，(gemov, 2000, p. 150). orgermov (2000) recommends.orin academic circles plagiarism is considered theft (germov, 2000).two authors: always state both namesnew technology is rapidly changing our daily lives (johnson & magusin, 2005).johnson and magusin (2005) assert that the rapid te

11、chnology developments three, four or five authors: state all names at the first occasion. in the following citations only the first author is stated, followed by et al.the first citationcaldenby, linde bjur and ohlsson (2006) show that.the following occasions of the same referencecaldenby et al. (20

12、06) found that.six or more authors: only note the first author, followed by “et al.” and / ornote: in the running text, handh is used between the authors1 names, but within parentheses the &-symbol is usedcaldenby, linde bjur and ohlsson (2006) show that.the architecture is a key to the town'

13、;s history (caldenby, linde bjur & ohlsson, 2006).several works by the same authorin order to separate works published by the same author and same year, a letter next to the year is added(kotler, 2005a, 2005b)kotler (2005b) asserts that.the same argument is also used by kotler (2005a) when.organ

14、izations as authorssometimes corporations, authorities, organizations and such are publishing materials that are not the words of a specific author. these organizations etc. are noted in their full form each time they are cited. organizations that are mostly known by their abbreviated acronyms are s

15、tated with the acronym within square brackets the first time. on the following occasions, only the acronym is used. in the reference list the full form of the name of the organization is noted.the first occasion(north atlantic treaty organization nato, 2007)the following occasions(nato, 2007)authors

16、 with the same last nameif the reference list includes two or more authors with the same last name, you have to separate them by noting first name initials in the running text.this opinion is held by j. smith (2006) and is also supported by c. smith (2005).several works within the same parenthesesif

17、 you refer to several works at the same occasion, they are stated in alphabetical order by author and then in chronological order. semicolons are used between each reference.meurling talks about gender roles and ideals of beauty (1999, 2003)man's eternal dream of conquering space are manifested

18、in many different ways (eco, 2005; johansson, 2006; thulin 2000, 2004)referring to parts in other works (quotes, tables, diagrams etc.)if you are referring to a part in a certain work, it has to be clearly stated.(augustson, 2007, pp. 50-52)(crouch, 2005, chap. 4)secondary sourcesyou should as far a

19、s possible avoid to cite material that is cited in the source you are using but that you did not read yourself. according to the rules of harvard style you give the secondary source in the reference list and in your text you name the original work and give citation to the secondary (the one that you

20、 have read).widerberg (as cited in hagstrom, 2005) claims that.personal communicationin this category you will find material which is not communicated via formal channels - letters, e-mails, interviews, telephone calls, memoranda etc. this material should be stated in the running text but should not

21、 be included in the reference list. note the exact date of communication, surname and, if possible, the personal name initials.(b. andersson, personal communication, 15 july, 2007)reference listfor a bookthe details required, in order, are1. name(s) of author(s), editor(s), compiler(s) or the instit

22、ution responsible2. year of publication3. title of publication and subtitle if any (all titles must be italicised with sentence style capitalization as below)4. series title and individual volume, if any5. edition, if other than the first6. publisher7. place of publication8. page number(s) if applic

23、able one authorauthoryear of publicationtitle (italicized)publishervwoodward, ja 1997, writing research papers: investigating resources in cyberspace, ntc publishing group, lincolnwood, iii.place of publication more than one authorlamble, j & morris, s 2001, online and personal: the reality of i

24、nternet relationships, finch publishing, lane cove, nsw.cheek, j, doskatsch, i, hill, p & walsh, l 1995, finding out: information literacy for the 21st century. macmillan education australia, south melbourne. editor(s)lansbury, rd & davis, em (eds) 1996, managing together: consultation and p

25、articipation in the workplace, longman, melbourne.hall, s (ed.) 1997, representation: cultural representations and signifying practices, sage, london. sponsored by institution, corporation or other organizationdepartment of health and family services 1997, youth suicide in australia: the national yo

26、uth suicide prevention strategy. agps, canberra.institution of engineers, australia 1994, code of ethics, institution of engineers, australia, barton, a.c.t. seriesnote: list the name of the series after the title of the workguzman, na 1993, capillary electrophoresis technology, chromatographic scie

27、nce series no. 64, dekker, new york.conrad, p 1990, balancing home and career skills for successful life management. the fifty-minute series, crisp publications, los altos, calif. editionhoggett, jr, edwards, l & medlin, jf 2003, accounting in australia, 5th ed.5 john wiley, milton, qld. chapter

28、 or part of a book to which a number of authors have contributedgive the details of the chapter or article first, then the details of the publication in which it appeared. enclose the title of the chapter or article in single quotation marks.note: the initials precede the surname/family name of the

29、authors of the publication in which the chapter or article appears.abraham, j 1997, 'science and politics of medicines regulation1, in ma elston (ed.) sociology of medicalscience and technology. blackwell publishers, oxford no author or editoruse the title of the work (in italics), then the date

30、 (not italicised).cambridge advanced learner's dictionary 2003, cambridge university press, cambridgefor an articlethe details required, in order are1. name(s) of author(s) of the article2. year of publication3. title of article, in single quotation marks and sentence style capitalization as bel

31、ow4. title of periodical (italicised with headline style capitalisation as below)5. volume number6. issue (or part) number7. page number(s) journal articleauthor year of publication title of articletitle of journal (italicized)vvvvminer, m 1991, the adjustment of i on g-term homeless youth', aus

32、tralian journal of social issues, vol.6, no.1, pp. 24-34.fffvolume noissue no page nos. newspaper articlereplace the volume/issue number by the day and month:jones, c & yaman, e 1997, 'casino chief fights the odds； australian, 22 december, p. 1.'walk this way, john' 200& the hera

33、ld sun, 27 april, p. 26. articles with no authorentangled photons could be seen by the naked eye1 200& new scientist, vol. 197, no. 2644, february, p. 17. conference papers published proceedingspapers presented at conferences and similar types of meetings are often collected and published by the

34、 organization that arranged the conference. a reference to a published conference paper is similar to one for a chapter or article from a booknote: i. the place and year that the papers were published is included, while the place and date that the conference was held are omitted (unless these form p

35、art of the title of the proceedings).2. pagination (how pages are numbered) may involve letters as well as numbers in these sorts of publications. in such cases, use the pagination exactly as it appears in the publication. the first example immediately below demonstrates thisthe pagination involves

36、the letter nin and a hyphen and then the page numbers.favaro, p, osher, s, soatto, s & vese, l 2003, 3d shape from anisotrophic diffusion1, proceedings: 2003 ieee computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, ieee computer society press, los alamitos, california, pp. i-

37、179-86.pockley, p 1987, 'national programs for promoting public understanding of science and technology: progress, problems and prospects1, anzaas congress papers, no. 56, paper 76. articles with no authorfor anon-bookthe details required are the same as those for a book: title, date, format, pu

38、blisher and place and includes material type for example video recordingmeetings bloody meetings 2000, video recording, video arts, london. written by john cleese and antony jayapartheid & the history of the struggle for freedom 1994, cd-rom, mayibuye cd-rom bellville, south africa.for electroni

39、c sourcesthis could include sources from full text compact disk products, electronic journals or other sources from the internet.the basic form of the citations follow the principles listed for print sources:1. name(s) of author(s) or the organization responsible for document, web page or site2. yea

40、r of publication of document, creation of page/site or date last revisednote: if you cannot establish the date of publication, use n.d. (no date)3. title of document or page, if applicable4. edition, if other than first5. type of medium, if necessary6. name and place of the publisher, sponsor or hos

41、t of the source7. date item viewed8. web page or site address, or name of database on internet (if applicable) web siteweibel, s 1995, 'metadata: the foundations of resource description d-lib magazine, viewed 7 january 1997, </dlib/july95/07weibel.html>. web documentpezze

42、y, jc 2002, sustainability policy and environmental policy, draft, 17 october, economics and environmental network, anu, viewed 18 november 2003, <.au/download_files/een0211 pdf>. electronic journalchappell, c 2003, researching vocational education and training: where to from

43、here?1 journal of vocational education and training, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 21-32, viewed 25 november 2003, <http:/www.triangle.co.uk/vae/> electronic journal from a databaseconley, t 2002, the state of globalization and the globalization of the state1 australian journal of international affairs, vol. 56, issue 3，pp. 447-471, viewed 17 november 2003, retrieved from academic search elite database.if no author is given, the title is used as the first el