高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义【精品文档】高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。词义猜测题常见的考查形式：1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean?2) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _.3) The word “” in the paragr

2、aph refers to _.4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”?5) By saying “” in the first (second) paragraph, the author means that _.6) What do you think the expression “” stand for?考查方向：1.熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；2.复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；4.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；5.对谚语、

3、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。Example 11. Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 词义：_2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 词义：_3.It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. 词义：_4.The herdsman ,

4、 who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.词义:_Skill 1： 通过定义或解释来猜测定义常由定语从句或be called，be known as, be defined as，constitute，refer to等词汇或破折号，冒号，括号来引导。解释常由or, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出一些具体的解释性的短语。Practice 1“Getting the cold shoulder” means that some one is actual

5、ly in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means _. A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to y

6、ou B. greeting you friendlyC. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D. feeding you cold meatExample 21.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning. 词义：_2. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of t

7、he trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost 词义：_3.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 词义：_Skill 2： 通过举例猜测常用such as, like,for example, for instance等引出例子。Practic

8、e 2:I left university with a good degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didnt think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assist

9、ant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?A.I was waiting for good fortune. B. I was trying to find an admirable job. C. I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I was doing several jobs for more

10、 pay at a time.Example 31.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 词义：_2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 词义：_3.Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government

11、may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. 词义：_Skill ： 通过同义或反义关系进行猜测表示对比或转折的常见信息词有：but，yet，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，in contrast ，in spite of，instead等，有时也用破折号或冒号表示对比。表示同义的常见信息词有：or, like, similarly等Practice 3:.indicators would pop up showing

12、you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you. The underlined phrase “pop up” in the third paragraph probably means “ _”.A.develop rapidly B. get round quicklyC. appear immediately D. go over automaticallyExample 41.That museu

13、m is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 词义：_(2) Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.词义：_3.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. 词义：_Skill 4： 通过因果关系进行猜测表示因果关系的信息词有：since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequent

14、ly, therefore, due to, result in, for this reason, so /such that等。Practice 4When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue an

15、d white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off ” means that the colours .A.attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose in

16、terestExample 51. Bill ranked second in the semifinal of 1,500 meters.词义：_2.They took care not to prejudge the issue.词义：_3.We should attach importance to the problems of childrens non-attendance at school.词义：_Skill 5：构词法合成 有两个或更多的词合成一个词 pathway everyday riverside派生 在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个单词extraordinary mat

17、urity frustration antiwar转化 将一种词性转化成另一种词性place free value comb中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)Can you guess the right meanings?superman_ microwave_ nonnatural_mispronouce_ nonsmoker _ east

18、wards_Practice 5: We have been told that encouraging a childs self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praiseholic kids who expect it may suffer from depression when they are faced with troubleso

19、me situationThe underlined words “Praiseholic kids” refers to kids who are _.A. tired of being praised B. worthy of being praisedC. very proud of being praised D. extremely fond of being praisedExample 6ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on an

20、d two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences.What does the word "mimic

21、"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?_A. find          B. copy   C. change        D. loseSkill 6：生活常识：利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义。读者可以运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验及生活常识，再根据上下文推测生词的含义。Practice 6:When a doctor performs an ope

22、ration on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.What does the word “ anaesthetic"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?_A. A kind of books B. A piece of advice C. A kind of medicine D. A k

23、ind of animalsExercise:1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever3. Mr. Brown is now working at Prince

24、ton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. The old woman has a strange ha

25、bit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱 7. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so di

26、fferent from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house8. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent.A. 勤奋的 B. 愚蠢的 C. 聪明的 D. 情报9. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yo

27、urs.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _.A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚Passage 1.We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notic

28、e it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.Acceleration is the name for _.A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a planeC. a steady speed D. an increase in speedPassage 2 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was bani

29、shed. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping Passage 3 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a stick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight,