定语从句讲解

1、句子种类句子种类:一、简单句一、简单句 五种类型五种类型 1. 主主 + 谓谓(vi) 2. 主主 + 谓谓(vt) + 宾宾 3. 主主 + 系系 + 表表 4. 主主 + 谓谓(vt) + 间宾间宾 + 直宾直宾 5. 主主 + 谓谓(vt) + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补二、并列句二、并列句 = 简单句简单句 + 并列连词并列连词 + 简单句简单句and, but, for, so, while, or, as well as, rather than, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, besides, however, otherwise, th

2、erefore三、复合句三、复合句 = 主句主句 + 从句从句 （主从复合句）（主从复合句） 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 状语从句（八种）状语从句（八种）从句从句名词性从句名词性从句先行词先行词 +关系词关系词 +从句从句被修饰词被修饰词1.代替先行词代替先行词2.作从句成分作从句成分1. 分类：分类：a. 关系代词关系代词 b. 关系副词关系副词2. 选择：选择：a. 先行词先行词指人、物？指人、物？ b. 据从句据从句句子成分？句子成分？关系词的选择：关系词的选择：前看看前看看(指人、指物？指时间、地点、原因？指人、指物？指时间、地点、原因？

3、)后看看后看看(从句成分：主语、宾语、定语、状语？从句成分：主语、宾语、定语、状语？)合起来再算算合起来再算算（确定引导词）（确定引导词）I have lost the watch _ my father gave me.Do you remember the day _ Beijing was liberated.that/ which/-when/ on whichI. 关系代词的基本用法：关系代词的基本用法： that: 人、物；主、宾人、物；主、宾 which: 物；主、宾物；主、宾 who: 人人 ；主；主 whom: 人人 ； 宾宾 whose: 人、物；人、物； 定定3. The

4、 house was built last year. Its windows face south. 4. The students will not pass the exam. They dont study hard.5. I will remember the day forever. I worked on the farm on the day. II. 关系代词作关系代词作宾语宾语时用法时用法:1.关系代词作定语从句中动词或介词关系代词作定语从句中动词或介词的宾语时，可以的宾语时，可以省略省略；This is the book which/that she was lookin

5、g for.-2.关系代词作介词的宾语时，介关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词可提前；词可提前；This is the room which/that we lived in last year.This is the room in which we lived last year.where3.介词如果提前介词如果提前, 其后不能接其后不能接that；The person whom/that I spoke to just now is our teacher.The person to whom I spoke just now is our teacher. that -4.含有介词的短语动

6、词一般不拆含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开开,介词仍放在动词的后面介词仍放在动词的后面.The babies whom/that the nurses are looking after are very healthy.III. 关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：1. when 时间时间 2. where 地点地点3. why 原因原因状语状语介词介词 + which1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2. Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.when =

7、on which3. This is the house where he lived two years ago.4. The factory where his father works is very large.where = in which5. He told me the reason why he hadnt attended the meeting.6. The reason why he came late was that he was seriously ill. why = for whichThat was the way _ she looked after us

8、.(that/in which/-)在从句中作在从句中作状语状语时时分析关系词的使用：分析关系词的使用：I still remember the day _ we spent together. I still remember the day _we stayed together. that/which/ xwhenThis is the museum _ I visited yesterday.This is the museum _ I once worked.that/which/ xwhereI dont know the reason _ Mary was late for cl

9、ass. I dont know the reason _ Mary gave for being late for class. whythat/which/ xThe way _ he told of is wonderful. The way _ he solved the problem is wonderful. that/which/ xthat/ in which/ xHe lives in the room. The rooms window faces south. (将两句合并将两句合并)He lives in the room whose window faces sou

10、th. He lives in the room of which the window faces south. He lives in the room the window of which faces south.IV. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：从句：1. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，两者之间两者之间不用逗号分开不用逗号分开；2.非限制性定语从句和主句先行词关系非限制性定语从句和主句先行词关系不十分密切，两者之间通常不十分密切，两者之间通常用逗号分开用逗号分开；此时，不能用此时，不能用that；1. Yester

11、day I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.2. His brother,who is 18 years old, is a PLA man.V.关系代词关系代词as的用法：的用法：1. 引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句:the sameas suchasas many/muchas I have the same book as you bought yesterday. He lent me as many books as he has.2. as和和which引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句的用法修饰整个主句的

12、用法:从句可放在主句前或后，常用逗号与主从句可放在主句前或后，常用逗号与主句隔开。句隔开。在主句后在主句后, 可用可用as或或which;在主句前在主句前, 只能用只能用as.He plays football well, as/which we know.作从句宾语，译成作从句宾语，译成“这一点这一点”As we know, he plays football well.作从句宾语，译成作从句宾语，译成“正如正如所所”VI. 关系代词的特殊用法：关系代词的特殊用法：在下列情况下只能用在下列情况下只能用that:1.当先行词是当先行词是all, something, anything, not

13、hing, everything, little, much等等不定不定代词代词时；时；That is all that I can do for you.Is there anything else that I can do for you?2.当先行词被当先行词被形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时；修饰时；This is the best film that I have ever seen.3.当先行词被当先行词被序数词序数词修饰时；修饰时；This is the first time that I came here.He is the last person that I want to see.4.当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very, 等修等修饰时；饰时；This is the very thing that I lost yesterday.He is the only person that is i