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1、三级英语培训整理(根据学习资料选编书)1 词汇语法1. 名词(2) one of +the+n(复数形式) Inventions 发明 invention 发明才能 inventors 发明家 invitation 邀请(4) information 信息 (不可数名词)(5) Water 水 (不可数名词) much+不可数名词 A largr number of 一棵数 (修饰可数名词) A huge amount of 大量的 (修饰不可数名词) Many 许多;多的 (修饰可数名词) Quite a lot of 相当多 (修饰不可数名词) (8) advice 建议 (不数名词) s
2、peech 演讲(9) Wealth 财富 (不可数名词) Work 工作 不可数名词 作品 可数名词 Job 可数名词2.冠词(10) On the phone 通电话 (固定词组) At work 正在工作 Over the tele-phone 写信(11) unemployment 失业率 是不可数名词 前面什么不用加 A/an+可数名词(15) the:具体的某一个或某一些(特指人、物、事) The:指退休那个 retired 退休3.数词 基数词:one,two,three 序数词:first,second,third, +th 分数:分子:基数词;分母:序数词 1/3:one t
3、hird 2/3:two third(18) one eightieth 1/80 (20)president 校长(21) Decide 决定 a second time 泛泛指代一个 再读一遍,但没读,泛指 如果是读了三遍,再读第二遍时有了新想法,就选A The second time 专指4.代词(24)one 指自行车 everything 每一个 Something 一些 anything 任何东西 Nothing 没有花钱 得到任何东西(25) other 其他;其余 可数名词 Anther 又/再一个 The other (在一个特定的范围内)其他(28) dictionarie
4、s 字典 Other 可数名词 例:three dictionaries,one of.the other are is an.(30) the 特指 one 指代前面中的一个(31) none 一个都没有(33) prove 证明 classmates 同学 如果单用much(多,原级),more(更多,比较级) Much,far,eve .得多 litter +形态比较级 Better 就是比较级前不能再加比较级(35) too 非常贵 expensive 太贵5.时态与语态(43)tend to 倾向于 (表示客观事实只用一边现在时) An increase 增加 nation 国家 s
5、upply 供应 Ac-conpanying 伴随着 economic 经济 activity 活动 Result 导向 prices 价格 (44) 主将从现 (44,46,53)(45) Told 告诉 pupils 学生 salt 盐 lower 更低 Fresh water 淡水 freeze 凝固 (表事实) Temperature 温度 (48) so far 到现在为止 (用完成时) 现在完成时:since(自从)+某个时刻 so far 到目前为止 have done For+一段时间 (49) to have met 本来应该(50) Gain weight 发胖 enoug
6、h 够(51) In any case 在任何情况下 evening classes 夜大 的课 for a long 很长 certainly 必须(52) Be supposed to 本来应该怎么样 To have left 离开(53) vacation 寒假 exams 考试(54) Fell 摔倒 fell是foll的过去式 hurt 伤到 While 当 tennis 网球(55) mess 乱七八糟 need 需要什么事情去做用needing Tidy 收拾 need+doing 什么需要被做(56) noise 噪音 heard 被听见(57) Already missed
7、已经错过 term 学期(58) Famous 出名的 novel 小说 translat 翻译 Be 过去完成 =>have been+done(59) mystery 谜 remain 保持,保留 疑问句做主语(60) see/hear/make someone do sth 被动语态:someone is see/hear/made to do sth Middle-aged 中年6. 情态动词(62) touch 碰 earlier 早期的 telephone 电话(63) 情态动词+现在完成时 Asleep 睡着的 corner 角落 fallen 睡着(64) Chocola
8、te 女拳霸 eaten 烦恼 Shouldnt +have done 本不应该做而做了(65) ought 可能会 ought to 应该(67) anxious 渴望的 without 户外 Must + have done 本来应该做什么,过去一定做过什么事7. 非谓语动词(68) no use doing 做什么事是没有意义的 Might as well + do 还不如. Wall 墙 Argue 争吵(69) at:介词+being late 迟到 surprised 惊讶(70) Worry 担心 government 政府 official 官方的 Explained 解释 p
9、oint 点 cultural gap 文化差异(71) examiner 审查员 identification 认同 order 命令 Admitted 承认 center 中心(72) successfully 成功地 victory 克服 narrowly 仔细地 Escaped 逃脱 being killed 被杀死 escaped +doing 形成 fierce battle 激烈的战斗 Kill avoid 逃脱(73) difficulty 困难 driving license 驾照 Be difficulty in 对.有困难(74) except 除非 (75) Sugge
10、sted 建议 holiday 度假 favor 喜欢 wales 选择 表示喜欢 like/favor/enjoy 表示讨厌disagreeable/tiresome/disgusting /repugnant +doing 建议 suggested 逃脱 escaped (76) shirt 内衣 rather 相当 dirty 弄脏 need doing (77) Theme 主题 explanation 解释 vague 模糊的 (78) Be/get use to doing 习惯做什么事 使用 Be used to do 用来 constant 持续 Companion 同伴 li
11、fe 一生 (79) river 江 (80) 三级考试不会考 (81) Gift 礼物 daughter 女儿 received 收到 Delighting 使人高兴 delighted 被.高兴 Delight 让人高兴 (82) bet 打倒 一个句子只能有一个谓语动词 Had to 必须怎么样 现在完成时 have +done Pay for the dinner 付饭钱 lose 过去式 lost 过去分词 (83) hill-top 山顶 lake 湖 scenery 风景 beyond 远处 Description 形容 (84) fights 航班 storm 风暴 decid
12、ed 解决 Canceled 取消 如果把so 去掉,选择D 因为so是连词(85) a reply 答复 8. 强调句和主谓语一致 不考9. 从句主语从句 :用that(107)widely 广泛 useful 有用 interesting 有趣 Divisions 分支 human knowledge 人类知识 Accepted 接受 mathematics 数学(119) none of my business 和我无关定语从句:(110) countries 国家 face 面临 serious problems 土地使用 Result 来源 population growth 人口增
13、长 Demand 要求 modern technological living 现代化生活(111) dined 吃饭 reason 理由 修饰reason 后面用why(120) states 洲 separated 分开(121) Published 出版 readers 读者 All of which 这些书的所有10. 倒装句和反意疑问句 不考11. 虚拟语气 不考12. 词汇多项选择(7) flood 洪水 government 政府 a large number 许多人 Survived 存活,幸存 suspended 中断,终止 Suffered 受苦 (11) foreign
14、policy 外交政策 federal 联邦 service 服务 scientific 科学 figure 数字(14) polite 有礼貌 in fact 实际上 rude 粗暴 Pretend 假装 assure 保证,确信 melt 融化 afford 买得起,承担得起 (18)string 绳子 river forms 河流形成 natural 自然 Between 来往于.之间 boundary 界线 Spot 一点 zone 地带(22) provided 提供 newspaper 报纸 foreign 国外 Domestic 国内的 GDP:gross domestic pr
15、oduction (49) quiet 安静 Dislike 不喜欢,讨厌 Unlike 和.不一样 Alike 类似的 liking 喜欢 I like(动词) reading books . Mary is like (介词,像) her mother13. 阅读理解Passage 6 Silviculture 科学名字 art 艺术 science 科学Tree production 树木生产 specialized area 专门领域Within 在.之内 larger field 更大的领域 forestry 林业 based on 以.为基础 understanding 理解Sil
16、vics 森林生态学 study 研究 forests 森林 Relationship 关系 includes 包括 soil 土壤 animal 动物 interaction 互动 practiced 进行,做Assumption 假定 environment 环境 to 目的manipulated 控制,操控 favorable 有利于 growth 生长Becoming 变得 common 普遍 as 因为 need 需要 increases 增加 Increased 增长 ideal conditions 理想条 件 applies 运用 principles 原理 practiced
17、 实践,进行modern technologies as tool 现代技术作工具intense management 密集管理 system 系统 dependent依靠specialized machines 专业化机械 sense 意义 become 变得As.as 和.一样 agricultural crop 农产品 Competition 竞争 is,are 被 added 添加 diseases 疾病 Treated 治疗 harmful 害虫 controlled 控制翻译:Silviculture is the are and science of tree productio
18、n .It is a specialized area of study within the larger field of forestry.It is based an understanding of silvics,which is the study of forests and forest relation-ships.It includes plant,soil,and animal interactions with trees.Silviculture is practiced on the assumption that a forest environment can
19、 be manipulated to make it more favorable to the growth of trees than the natural environment. 森林是树生产和科学。它是一个专门的研究领域内的林业大领域。它是基于森林生态学的理解,”是森林和森林relation-ships.it包括植物,土壤的研究,和树动物的相互作用。 是在这样的一种假定下进行的:一个森林的环境可以被控制,使得它自然环境更有利于生长。 Tree farming is becoming much more common as the need for forest products i
20、ncreases faster than the capabilities of natural forests to produce them.Increased production of wood products can be realized when ideal conditions are provided for the growth of trees.Silviculture applies the principles of science to the production of trees using modern technologies as tool. 树木种植变
21、得更加普遍,因为对森林产品的需求比自然森林生产它们的能力快。当人们为树木的生长提供理想的条件的时候,森林产品增长的就可以被实现。树植学把科学的原理运用到树木的生产,把现代技术作为工具来使用。 Silviculture that is practiced in an intense management system become very dependent on the use of specialized machines.In every sense,tree plantations become highly specialized farms where management is
22、as intensive as it is for any other agricultural crop.Competition from weeds is eliminated,soils are tested,fertilizers are added,diseases are treated,and harmful insects are controlled. 种植学在密集的管理系统中进行种植学变得非常依赖专业化机械的使用。从任何一种意义上讲,树木的养植都变成了高度专业化的农场,在这里,管理和其他任何一种农产品一样密集。来自杂草的竞争被消除,土壤被检测,肥料被添加,疾病被治疗,害虫被
23、控制。Passage 11 According 根据 latest 最新 survey 调查 wild 野生Animal 动物 plant 植物 wetland 湿地 panda 大熊猫 Species 物种 recorded 记录 habitats 栖息地 meanwhile 同时动物 alligator 扬子鳄 Crested Ibis 朱鹮Rare 稀有 doubled 翻倍 ecological 生态 construction 建设 preconditions 前提 翻译:According to the latest survey on wild animal,wild plant,
24、wetland as well as panda,more than half of wild animal species in China have recorded stable increase. 根据最新的野生动物,野生植物,湿地以及熊猫的调查,中国半数以上的野生动物物种都记录了稳定增长 。 The statistics shows that 71 percent of the wild species increased steadily among total 189 major wild plants under state protection。so far there ar
25、e totally 1,596 wild pandas and habitats for wild pandas have expanded from 1.39 million hectares to 2.3- plus million hectares.Meanwhile 55.7 percent of the total wild animal species increased steadily。Chinese alligator,Crested Ibis and other rare and endangered wild species。which have so far arous
26、ed domestic and international attention ,have doubled and redoubled.。 数据显示,在国家的保护下,总共有189种野生植物中有71%的物种稳定增长。到目前为止,总共有1596只野生大熊猫,野生大熊猫栖息地从1.39百万公顷到2.3百万公顷。同时,野生动物物种的55.7%也在稳定增长。中国扬子鳄,朱鹮等珍稀濒危野生物种。到目前为止,已引起国内外的关注,成倍增长。Natural reserve and ecological construction have become the important preconditions fo
27、r the remarkable success achieved by wild animal and plant protection in China。China has ratified 166 national ecological demonstrative regions,2,194 natural reserves,among which national natural reserve yielded 226,covering an area of 148。226 million hectares,accounting for 14.8 percent of Chians t
28、otal territory。自然保护区和生态建设是中国的野生动植物保护所取得的显著成果的重要前提条件。 中国已经批准166个国家级生态示范区,2194个自然保护区,在这些里面有226个国家级自然保护区,覆盖了14.8亿万公顷区域。占中国14.8%公顷的领土。Passage 14 Agriculture 农业 revolution 革命 involved 包括 Invention 发明 labor-saving 劳动力节省 machinery 机械 development 发展 appeared 出现 Scarce 稀少,稀缺 object 目标 sufficient 充足 Therefore
29、 因此 advances 进步 plow 犁 At the opening of the century 在世纪之初 with the exception of 例外,除了. Carried 拿起来 practically 实际上 existing 现有的 agricultural tools 农业工具 backs 背 By 到 Machinery 机器 designed 设计 form 形式 however 但是 Iron 铁,生铁 entire fortune 全部财产 none 全部都不 claiming 说 poisoned 毒害 weeds 草 Nevertheless 但是 Att
30、ention 致力于 The agriculture revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things:the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture.Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce.“In Europe”,said Thomas Jefferson,“the object is to make th
31、e most of their land,labor being sufficient;here it is to make the most of our labor,land being abundant.”It was in America,therefore,that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came.At the opening of the century,with the exception of a crude plow,farmers could have ca
32、rried practically all of the existing agricultural tools on their backs.By 1860,most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form.The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.As early as 1890,Charles Newbolt of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iro
33、n plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers,however,would have none of it,claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the the weeds don't grow.Nevertheless,many people devoted their attention to the plow.Until in 1869,James Oliver of South Bend,Indiana,tur
34、ned out the first chilled steel plow. 翻译:在第十九世纪的农业革命包括两件事:节省劳动力的机器的发明和科学科学农业的发展。节省劳动力的机械通常出现在劳动力的稀缺的地方。“在欧洲”,托马斯杰佛逊说,“目标是最大限度的使用土地,劳动力充足;而在这儿目标是最大限度的使用劳动力,土地是充足的。”因此在美国最早出现在19世纪的农业机械的最大的进步。在世纪初,除了原始的犁之外,农民可以进行几乎所有现有的农业工具拿起来或扛在背上。到了1860,我们今天所使用的机械的早期形式就已经被设计出来了。早期发明中最重要的就是的铁。早在1890年,来自新泽西查尔斯纽波特就已经研究铸
35、铁,花光了他的所有财产介绍他的发明。但是,这些农民却不想要,他们认为铁会伤害土壤,并且让草不能生长。但是,许多人依然致力于犁的研究。到1869年,杰姆斯奥利弗南本德,印第安娜,原来第一淬火钢犁。 Passage 42Climate 气候 change 变化 connected 和.相关 Reduction 减少 wetlands 湿地 source 源头 reduced 减少 volume 量 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 青藏高原 studied 研究Suffered 遭受损失 decreasing 减少 dried up 干涸plays a key role 起到关键作用 h
36、olding water 保持水的量Changing 改变 closely 紧密 global warming 全球变暖Adding 又说 even though 即使,虽然 rainfall 降雨Area 区域 records 记录 weather station 气象站showed 显示 yearly rainfall 年降雨量 caused 导致lead to as a result of 由于 frozen earth 冻土Melt 融化 used to 过去Climate change connected with the reduction of wetlands at the s
37、ource of the country's two longest rivers,the Yangtze and the Yellow,has reduced the volume of water flowing into them,scientists said.科学家说,气候变化和中国最长两条河长江、黄河的源头湿地减少的相关,它减少了流入它们的水的量。 Scientists studied changes over past 40 years to the wetlands one the cold Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in west China whe
38、re the two rivers have their sources.科学家研究了过去40年的中国西部青藏高原湿地的变化,这里是这两条河的源头。 They found the wetlands on the plateau have shrunk more than 10 percent over the past four years.The wetlands at the source of the Yangtze have suffered the most,decreasing by 29 percent.他们发现在高原上的湿地在过去的四年已经减少10%以上。长江源头的湿地损失的最
39、多,减少了29%。 About 17.5 percent of the small lakes at the source of the Yangtze have dried up,the scientists said. 科学家说,在长江源头的小湖泊约17.5%已经干涸 。“The wetland plays a key role in holding water and changing the water volume of the rivers,”Wang Xugen,a researcher,said. 王绪根研究员说,“湿地保持和改变河水的水量起到关键的作用。” "The
40、 reduction of the wetland on the plateau is closely connected with global warming," Wang said,adding that even though rainfall has increased in the area,the reduction of the wetland has reduced the flow of the Yangtze and the Yellow. “高原上湿地的减少与全球变暖密切联系的,”他又说,即使这里降雨增加,但是湿地的减少降低了长江、黄河的水流量。 Record
41、s by the weather station at the head of the Yangtze showed yearly rainfall at its source increased from 260 mm during 1991-2000 to 323 mm in the period 2001-2006. 通过在长江源头的气象站的记录显示年降雨量从1991-2000年的260毫米增加到2001-2006年323毫米。 "But the increased rainfall didn't lead to more water's flowing int
42、o the rivers because the evaporation was so fast as a result of global warming," LI Shijie,a researcher,said. 李石碣研究员说“但是增加的降雨量却没有导致更多的水流入河里,因为由于全球变暖蒸发变得非常快。” Another study showed global warming had caused glaciers to get smaller,frozen earth to melt,grasslands to turn yellow and rivers to dry u
43、p. 另一项研究表明全球变暖导致冰川变小,冻土融化,草地变黄和河流干涸。 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau used to have 36,000 glaciers covering an area of 50,000 sq km.In the past 100 years,their area has been reduced by 30 percent. 青藏高原过去有36000的冰川,覆盖面积50000平方公里。在过去的100年内,这儿区域减少了30%。 Passage 50 In order to 为. Necessary 有必要 overcome 克服 Fear 恐
44、惧 primary goal 首要目标 communication 交流 secondary 次要 considerations 考虑 dealt with 解决 Gradually 逐步 as 随着 awareness 意识 ignore 忽视 On the other hand 另一方面 learner 学习者 Observe 观察 native speakers 母语者 express 表达 Expressions 表达方式 differ from 与.不同 For example 比如说 Spanish 西班牙 willingness 意愿 immediate future 马上 ac
45、tually 实际上 difference 区域 serve as 作为. Basis 基础 the present tense 一般 现在时 unwilling 不愿意 in the first place 一开始 Lose 失去 opportunity 机会 trial 尝试 error 错误 Comparing 比较 speech 话,语言 available 现有的 Take advantage of 利用 language 语言 major 主要 Conclusion 结论 In order to learn a foreign language well,it is necessa
46、ry to overcome the fear of making mistakes.If the primary goal of language use is communication,then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand,students should not ignore their mistakes.The language learner may o
47、bserve how native speakers express themselves,and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example,a Spanish speaker who has been saying "I do it" to express willingness to do something in the immediate future,could,by communicating with native speakers of
48、 English,observe that native speakers actually say "I'll do it".This difference can serve as a basis for the student to change his way of using the present tense in English.But a student who is unwilling to communicate in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial an
49、d error. 为了学好一门外语,我们有必要克服犯错误的恐惧。如果语言使用的首要目的是交流,那么错误就是次要的考虑,它们可以随着对这些错误意识的增加被逐步的解决。另一方面,学生们不应该忽视他们的错误。语言学习者会注意到母语者如何表达自己,以及母语者如何表达方式和语言学习者的表达方式是如何不同。比如,一个西班牙人说“我做”表示即将做某事的意愿,它会通过和英语母语者的人交流,观察到母语者实际上会说“我来做”。这种差异可以作为基础来改变学生使用使用英语一般现在时的方法。但是,如果一个学生不愿意交流,那么他就会失去通过尝试和犯错误来学习的机会。 Passage 61 In the United St
50、ates the most popular form of folk dancing since the early days has been square dancing.In early times,when men and women worked in groups to build a barn(build rig where animals are kept) or harvest crops,they danced when the work was done.The music came form the Violin for the most part,but if there was no one to play a musical instrument,clapping was used to produce the rhythm by which to dance. The early settlers danced in a store,in a barn,or in a farm kitchen. 自古以来,在美国最受欢迎的舞蹈形式就是方块舞。在早期,当男人和女人一起工作组修一个谷仓(建立钻机在动物饲养)或收割庄稼时候,当工作结束后他们就跳舞。音乐主要来自于小提琴,但
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