2019-2020年高三高考模拟考试生物试题 含答案

1、桂林中学xx全程模拟考试生物试题（考试时间15 0分钟） 第卷（选择题 本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分）可能需要的相对原子质量：na :23 cu: 64 mg: 24 o: 16 n :14 c:12 h:1 cl：35-5 s:32 fe：56 br：80一.选择题（共13小题，每小题只有一个答案符合题意，每小题6分，共78分）1.在动物细胞的物质运输中，属于自由扩散的是a.红细胞中的na+进入血浆 b.细胞外液中的o2进入肌细胞c.细胞外液中的k+进入神经细胞 d.血浆中的碘进入甲状腺细胞2.下列关于叶绿体和线粒体的叙述，正确的是a.线粒体和叶绿体均含有少量的dnab.叶绿体在光

2、下和黑暗中均能合成atpc.细胞生命活动所需的atp均来自线粒体d.线粒体基质和叶绿体基质所含酶的种类相同3植物组织培养依据的原理、培养过程的顺序及诱导的植物激素分别是()。体细胞的全能性细胞膜的流动性 根、芽 生长素和细胞分裂素生长素和乙烯 愈伤组织 再分化 脱分化 植物体离体的植物器官、组织或细胞a， b，c， d，4以枪乌贼的粗大神经纤维做材料，测定其受刺激后的电位变化过程。图中箭头表示电流方向，下列说法错误的是 ()。a在a点左侧刺激，依次看到的现象的顺序是4、2、4、3、4 b在b点右侧刺激，依次看到的现象的顺序是4、3、4、2、4 c在a、b两点中央刺激，依次看到的现象的顺序是4、

3、1、4 d在a、b两点中央偏左刺激，依次看到的现象的顺序是4、3、4、2、45如图为生态系统结构的关系图，a代表的成分是()a生产者 b消费者c分解者 d不能确定2019-2020年高三高考模拟考试生物试题 含答案注意事项： 1、请用黑色的签字笔、钢笔或圆珠笔直接在各科答题卷上作答。2、解答时写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。只写出最后答案的不能得分有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位31. 对豆科作物进行根瘤菌拌种，是提高豆科作物产量的一项有效措施。科学研究发现根瘤菌的固氮反应能产生氢气，氢氧化细菌要依赖氢气而生存，豆科作物产量的提高与土壤中的氢氧化细菌有直接关系。为探究其

4、中的奥秘，人们进行了如下实验。（每空2分，共10分）材料用具：在完全培养液（无菌处理）中培养的大豆和小麦幼苗若干、灭菌土壤、纯化的根瘤菌、纯化的氢氧化细菌、收集土壤中氢气的专用设备。实验方案及结果如下表（空气扩散到土壤中的氢气忽略不计）：组別植物种植基质检测氢气根系平均生长量(克）甲大豆灭菌土壤+根瘤菌有50乙灭菌土壤+根瘤菌+氢氧化细菌无75丙小麦灭菌土壤+根瘤菌无20丁灭菌土壤+根瘤菌+氢氧化细菌无20(1) 乙组未检测到氢气的原因是根瘤菌固氮反应产生的氢气被_ 吸收利用。(2) 丙组未检测到氢气的原因是根瘤菌不能与小麦_而发生固氮反应产生氢气，这个结论是通过_组的比较而得出的。(3) 通

5、过甲、乙两组的实验结果比较可知:氢氧化细菌能_ 。(4) 有同学认为通过丙、丁两组比较可以肯定氢氧化细菌对小麦根系的生长没有任何作用。他认为这是因为丁组的氢氧化细菌在_的环境中不能生存。32. 人类红绿色盲的基因位于x染色体上用a、a表示，秃顶的基因位于常染色体上用b、b表示，结合下表信息进行分析（每空2分，共12分）bbbbbb男非秃顶秃顶秃顶女非秃顶非秃顶秃顶（1）-2的基因型为 ， -2基因型为 。（2）-1的色盲致病基因来自第一代的那个个体？ （3）如果可以通过性别来判断一个婴儿成年后是否秃顶，那么婴儿父母的表现型为 。 （4）-1和-2结婚，他们生一个男孩既是秃顶又是色盲的概率为 ；

6、生一个秃顶女孩的概率为 。33如图表示人体部分特异性免疫过程的示意图，a、b、c表示细胞。请据图回答问题。（每空2分，共12分）(1)该特异性免疫属于_免疫，图中b细胞在人体内可以来自_细胞。(2)图中a、b、c、d能够识别抗原的是_。(3)若图中所示的抗原为酿脓链球菌，因其表面的抗原决定簇与人心脏瓣膜上的一种物质的表面结构十分相似，物质d向心脏瓣膜发起进攻，使人患上风湿性心脏病，这属于免疫失调中的_ 病。(4)当抗原经过过程时，人体内产生d的主要特点是_ _（限十字内，每超两字扣一分，扣完为止）。(5)研究发现，sars病毒的增殖需要逆转录酶，从遗传物质分析，研究sars疫苗比较困难的主要原

7、因是_34如表所示为生物学工作者收集到的某市某湖区几种生物的食物网关系(“”表示存在食物关系)。请据表和图回答问题。（每空1分，共8分）被食者捕食者绿藻螺蛳水草鲫鱼轮虫螺蛳鲫鱼轮虫(1)此生态系统中共有_条食物链，在该食物网中鲫鱼占有_个营养级。(2)若由于某种原因螺蛳全部死亡，轮虫的种群数量在短时间内将_，该湖泊生态系统的抵抗力稳定性将_。(3)假如鲫鱼的食物有来自轮虫，来自螺蛳，来自水草，来自绿藻，能量流动效率按10%计算，该鲫鱼增重2 kg需消耗绿色植物_kg。(4)鸡粪是优良的鱼类饲料，适量的投入可以给鱼提供食物，从而提高鱼的产量。鸡粪中的碳元素只能以_形式流向鱼。向河流中少量投入鸡粪

8、对生态系统不产生明显的影响，这是因为该生态系统具有_；如果投入鸡粪过多，将导致浮游植物大量增殖引起水体富营养化，导致水体富营养化的直接原因是鸡粪分解产生_。生物参考答案：1b 2.a 3.a 4.d 5.b31. （1）氢氧化细菌（2）共生 甲与丙（3）吸收根瘤菌固氮反应产生的氢气，并能促进豆科植物根系的生长（4）没有氢气32. （1）bbxay bbxaxa或bbxaxa （2）-1（3）非秃顶男性与秃顶女性 （4）5/16 1/1633. (1)体液b细胞和记忆b (2)a、c、d (3)自身免疫 (4)数量多、速率快(5)sars病毒的遗传物质是rna，rna结构不稳定，变异频率高34.

9、 答案(1)52(2)减少降低(3)92(4)有机物一定的自我调节能力n、p等元素2019-2020年高三高考模拟考试英语试题 含答案第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答

10、有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. where are the speakers? a. at home. b. at a tailors. c. at a clothes store.2. where will the speakers meet? a. at the entrance of the park.b. at the ice-cream shop.c. in the bank.3. what does the man think of the ceremony? a. noisy. b. exciting. c. boring.4. why is there no p

11、aper?a. the man used it up.b. the woman forgot to order.c. the other department took some.5. what is emily going to do? a. prepare a report. b. cook fish. c. have lunch with linda.第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的a、b、c三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各

12、小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. what does the man think of the job at first? a. interesting. b. challenging. c. dangerous.7. what does the man decide to do finally? a. ask for a high salary. b. accept the job. c. find another job.听第7段材料，回答第8至第9题。8. who will be surprised this evening? a. l

13、ily. b. maggie. c. jack.9.what is the man going to do this evening?a. go to the store. b. attend a party. c. make cakes.听第8段材料，回答第10至第12题。10. who is calling?a. mrs bell. b. mary smith. c. jacob waters.11. what day is it today?a. july 3rd. b. july 5th c. july 8th12. what is the message about?a. a mee

14、ting. b. a sick leave. c. a visit to the culture centre.听第9段材料，回答第13至第16题。13. what are the special boards used for?a. keeping sunshine out.b. producing energy. c. covering buildings.14.what is on the roofs of the buildings?a. the puter centers. b. the working stations. c. the gardens.15. how will mo

15、lly go back home today? a. by car. b. by train. c. by bike.16. what kind of zone is bedzed? a. a zone causing no harm to the environment. b. a zone with poor public transportation.c. a zone with low-salary residents.听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。17. what can be clearly affected if teenagers lack sleep? a. thei

16、r long term health.b. their change of spirits.c. their performance at school.18. what does the man say is to blame for teenagers not getting enough sleep?a. poor diet. b. lack of exercise. c. too much play.19. what advice does the man give for teenagers who have trouble getting to sleep?a. listen to

17、 music. b. read a book. c. drink hot chocolate.20. what does the man suggest schools should do? a. start lessons later. b. shorten the school day.c. offer classes in the evenings.第二部分 英语知识运用 (共两节, 满分45分)第一节 单项填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21. -of the two apple

18、s , which one do you prefer ? -_bigger one. its_ most delicious one , i think .a.the,a b.a, / c.the, the d.a, the 22. - can you e to attend our party tonight? - sorry, but i do wish i _.   a. had             b. can 

19、          c. will       d. could23. - you dont go to that supermarket quite often, do you?-no, i only go there _ because its too far away from my house. a. eventually          b. c

20、onstantly        c. occasionally              d. frequently24. - you've made great progress in your studies of english, haven't you?- yes, but much _. .a. remains to do b. is remained to doc.

21、remains to be done d. is remained to be done25. _ getting up early, he woke up early every day. a. using to b. accustoming to c. being used to d. accustomed to26. professor wu is a teacher respected by all of us, who always _ new teaching methods to improve our english. a. wears out b. tries out c.

22、takes out d. puts out27. what makes telling the truth harder than lying is _truth requires research and facts, _ lies need none. a. what; when b. that; while c. that; while d. what; but28. canada post issued two stamps on jan. 8, xx, _ the chinese lunar year of the rabbit. a. in favor of b. in terms

23、 of c. in celebration of d. in need of29.  _, as long as im with nature, i dont care.a. however tough the journey is          b. whatever tough the journey is c. however the journey is tough          d. wh

24、atever the journey is tough30. -we_the game. you spoiled the chance by missing the ball! -i'm terribly sorry!     a. could win       b. would win       c. could have won    d. must have won31. i_ along the stree

25、t looking for a place to park when the accident_ .a. went; was occurring b. went; was occurred c. was going; occurred d. was going; had occurred32. toms fame has spread well _ the walls of his college.a. across b. through c. beyond d. over33. -i couldn't sleep. i counted sheep, i drank milk etc,

26、 but nothing helped. -it seems you _ too much lately. try some sleeping pills. a. worked b. work c. had worked d. have been working34. australia is a sporting nation, _you can feel their absolute love for sport. a. the one that b. one where c. the one where d. it where35. - you can't finish

27、 the book in less than an hour, i suppose?- _.a. yes, i'm sure i can b. no, hardly c. sorry, i can't d. i don't think i can第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。wings of angel    i used to hate myself because i wasnt “normal”.

28、everyone else could play on the monkey bars and ride on a bicycle, but not _36_. i had a severe spinal cord disorder(脊髓病) and i knew i would always be much _37_than others.i hated going to school and i hated _38_ at myself. i hated seeing others smiling broadly and standing _39_ and tall.

29、and most of all, i hated looking in the _40_ and seeing an ugly and hunchback(驼背).my friends found me _41_ because i didnt let others get close to me. i thought i was going to go on like this for the rest of my life _42_ angela appeared.that afternoon, i was sitting by myself in a cor

30、ner of the schoola spot where no one would _43_ me. thats when i first heard her voice. “hi. can i sit down?”i raised my head and there she was, with an irresistible smile on her round face.“what are you looking at?” she asked.“ants.”“what are they doing?”“no   _44_.”“i bet theyre pla

31、ying games and make friends. dont you think so?”that was how our _45_started and it didnt stop. we talked about everything under the sunthe ants, the clouds, my little niche(处境)until it was sunset.then suddenly, she saw my _46_ . she just stared.my heart _47_. what i feared most had happened an

32、d i knew for sure she would _48_ me now.she stood up, pointed at my back and said, “i know _49_ your back is hunched.”i closed my eyes like a criminal waiting to be _50_. i begged in my heart for her to _51_, but she just kept on going. “i know what youve got in there. do you?”“no,” i answered

33、_52_.she bent and whispered in my ears. “your back is bunched because youve got a pair of wings from the angels.”i was _53_. i looked into her eyes and her _54_ touched my heart. from that day on, i started to learn to _55_ myself because i have the wings of an angel and a kind hearted fri

34、end. 36athem                  bit                        cme      

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42、;                 cinterrupt             dignore44awonder               bidea &#

43、160;                  csign                    daction45aconnection        

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45、#160;           ceyes                    dshoulders47asank                &

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48、; bhow                    cwhether              dwhy50aaccused             

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53、enerosity           chonesty               dkindness55acontrol     blike    cfort    denjoy 第三部分 阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)请认真阅

54、读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ajeremy wirick, 9, has been back in school for less than two months, but he has already had several asthma(哮喘)attacks. a recent attack happened on october 2, after he pushed himself too hard in gym class. running, power walking, jogging and push-ups too

55、k their toll. when jeremy got home an hour or two later, he was out of breath. he needed to use a nebulizer, a machine that helps send medicine quickly to the lungs, to get his breathing back to normal.asthma attacks like jeremy increase in september and october. more than six times as many asthma s

56、ufferers who are elementary-school age need hospital treatment in the fall as in the summer.experts believe many factors can contribute to back-to-school asthma. kids get together in close spaces, they start passing viruses around. a viral infection can cause an asthma attack. there are also certain

57、 fall allergies(过敏症)that can cause attacks. exercise is another mon cause of an attack. besides, the stress of school can make asthma worse.parents can play a big role in helping kids with asthma start the school year right. dawne gees10-year-old son, alexander, has had asthma since he was a baby. b

58、efore the school year starts, she tells school workers in writing about her sons asthma. the gees live in kentucky, which has passed laws allowing students to carry their asthma medication(药物治疗)with them at school. alexanders mom makes sure he has his inhaler(人工呼吸器)with him when he goes to school an

59、d that he keeps it on hand at all times. in delaware, where jeremy lives, kids are allowed to carry their inhalers at school. the american lung association says that about 6.2 million american children suffer from asthma. asthma is the chronic (慢性) illness that causes students to miss the most days

60、of school. there are many things that schools can do to help students control their asthma. 56. the passage mainly deals with _.a. how to prevent and treat asthma. b. what asthma is and its symptomsc. the side-effects asthma has on kids d. the causes of asthma and its treatment 57. by saying “runnin

61、g, power walking, jogging and push-ups took their toll.”(paragraph1) the writer means that_.a. physical exercise affected their health b. physical exercise gave them a deep thought c. asthma attacks made them like physical exercise d. asthma attacks could be cured through physical exercise58. which

62、of the following statements is not supported by the passage?a. kids are likely to suffer asthma attacks in the fallb. stress can add to the risk of asthma attacksc. medical officials should be blamed for asthma attacksd. asthma attacks will need necessary medical treatment59.the following paragraph

63、is probably going to talk about_.a. tips on asthma for schools b. a survey on students with asthmac. the effects asthma has on students d. further understanding of asthmabboston: on saturday, millions of people around the world will celebrate saint patrick's day, which honors patron saint (or ma

64、in religious figure) of ireland. munities across the united states will host parades, parties, and other festivities to mark the occasion.this year, cities like boston, new york, and chicago have organized massive events celebrating saint patrick's day. in new york city, hundreds of thousands of

65、 people will gather to watch the saint patricks day paradethe nations largest. it is one of the most watched parades in the world. last year, almost 2 million spectators and more than 150,000 participants filled the streets. the parade, first held in 1776, is also one of the oldest. chicago also thr

66、ows a big celebration. every year the chicago river, which crosses the city, glows green as event organizers dump about 40 pounds of fluorescence, a powerful dye(染料), into the water. boston keeps its parade rolling for three hours or more. it is the nations second-largest parade. the city will also

67、salute one of its most famous former residents, president john f. kennedy, by opening the exhibit "a journey home: john f. kennedy and ireland," at his official library.patron saint lived in britain in the early fifth century, when it was still part of the roman empire. he was captured and sold into slavery in ireland when he was only 16he eventually escaped slavery and turned to a life of religious devotion. he trained to bee a minister and set out to spread christianity throughout ireland. after 30 years as a religious leader, patrick died on march 17, 1461