初中英语八种动词时态_包含练习题

1、初中语法专题动词时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去将来时时时过去过去 将来将来 态态 动作的进展情况动作的进展情况 完成完成( (动作结束动作结束) )进行进行( (正在进行动作正在进行动作) )一般一般( (一次或多次的动作一次或多次的动作) ) time现在现在 过过过过 时间时间状态状态过过 去去 现现 在在 将将 来来过去将来过去将来一般一般一般过去一般过去将来将来进行进行完成完成一般过去一般过去现在完成现在完成一般现在一般现在过去进行过去进行过去完成过去完成现在进行现在进行一般将来一般将来一般现在时一般现在时概念：概念：1. 经常习惯的动作

2、经常习惯的动作 频率词频率词2. 表示客观事实或普遍真理表示客观事实或普遍真理 knowledge is power. 3. 现在的状态现在的状态时时time现在现在 持续的状态持续的状态 反复的动作反复的动作 态态language一般现在时一般现在时 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ： usually, sometimes, always, once a week，often, in spring, every day 基本结构：基本结构：be动词；行为动词动词；行为动词 否定构成：否定构成：am/is/are+not; dont+动原动原 doesnt+动原动原 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把be

3、动词放于句首动词放于句首 do+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？yes,i do. does+主语主语+动原动原+其它其它？no,he doesnt. 特殊疑问举例特殊疑问举例 ：what do you often do on sundays? where does he live? 具体什么情况下用？表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。表示客观的事实或真理。表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）在

4、时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。-when will you come to see me, dad? -i will go to see you when you _the training course.a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish d当主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加- -s/ess/es。除此之外都用动词原形。动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 规则例子一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音后读/z/；在t

5、后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/。)playplays leaveleavesswimswims以字母s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的词加-es，读/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。pass passes fixfixesteachteaches wishwishesdodoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/studystudystudies studies carrycarrycarriescarriesflyflyfliesflies1. 1. he_(behe_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at no. 2 middle

6、 , am, is, are) a teacher at no. 2 middle school.school.2. 2. he_(havehe_(have, has) classes in the afternoon., has) classes in the afternoon.3. 3. he_(gethe_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning., gets) up at half past six every morning.4. 4. he always _(come, comes ) to school he always _(

7、come, comes ) to school on time. on time.5. 5. he _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.he _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.6. 6. one and two _(be, is, are) three.one and two _(be, is, are) three.7. 7. blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.8. 8. the e

8、arth _(move, moves) round the sun.the earth _(move, moves) round the sun.9. 9. i will go there if i _( be, will be, am, is, are) free i will go there if i _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.tomorrow.10. 10. i will go there when i _(have, will i will go there when i _(have, will have, has) ti

9、me tomorrow.have, has) time tomorrow.11. 11. he wont come to the party unless he he wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited._(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.12. 12. ill wait here until my mother ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back._(come, come

10、s, will come) back.13. 13. please return the book to the library as please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.finish) reading it.14. 14. once you _(see, sees, will see) him, once you _(see, sees, will see) hi

11、m, you will never forget him.you will never forget him.一般过去时概念：概念：1 1.时时过去过去 一次一次/多次多次 态态time 一般过去时明示: yesterday/ago/last./in 1990暗示: when i was a little girl/ when she put.时间状语：时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last weekago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week，in 1989, just

12、now, at the age of 5, one day, long in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long longlong ago, once ago, once upon a time, etc.upon a time, etc.动词构成：动词构成： was/were 动词过去时（动词过去时（-ed） worked used to+动原（意思：过去常常）动原（意思：过去常常）否定形式：否定形式：was/was/were+notwere+not; ; didnt+动原动原 didnt work used not +动原动原 us

13、ed not to work一般疑问句：一般疑问句：waswas或或wwereere放于句首；放于句首； did+主语主语+动原动原+其它其它 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：what did he do yesterday? when did he get up this morning? 谓语动词使用过去式形式，规则变化加ed，不规则变化见下表。构成规则构成规则例子例子一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元音后读/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/id/。looklooked playplayedworkworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikeliked livelived

14、hopehoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanplanned stopstoppeddropdropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudystudied worryworriedcrycriedhe_(behe_(be, was, were, been) here a , was, were, been) here a moment ago.moment ago.they _(be, was, were, been) here just they _(be, was, were, been) here just no

15、w.now.the scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, the scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for america yesterday.left) for america yesterday.last week we _(visit, visited ) the last week we _(visit, visited ) the science museum.science museum.when i was a child, i often _(play, when i was a child,

16、i often _(play, played) football.played) football.the students ran out of the classroom as the students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).一般将来时u willu be going tou be to doube about to dotime现在现在 将来将来 一般将来时安排好、有计安排好、有计划做某事划做某事即将做某事即

17、将做某事will,shallwill,shall+ +动词原形动词原形（其中其中shallshall只用于第只用于第一人称一人称），表示无计划将要做某事），表示无计划将要做某事。be going to +be going to +动词原形，表示按计划，安动词原形，表示按计划，安排要发生的事情。排要发生的事情。 be to +be to +动词原形，表示动词原形，表示命令命令 be about to + be about to +动原动原，意为，意为立马发生的立马发生的事事。某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come, go, arrive, leavecome,

18、go, arrive, leave等表示开始或移动意等表示开始或移动意义的词义的词。时间状语：时间状语：tomorrow, next tomorrow, next day(weekday(week, month, year),soon, , month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. after tomorrow, etc. ：主语：主语+am/is/are not going to do +am/is/are not going to do

19、；主语；主语+will/shall not do+will/shall not do+其他其他 ：1 1、bebe放于句首；放于句首； 2 2、will/shallwill/shall提到句首。提到句首。 she will be back in three days.she will be back in three days.（肯定）（肯定） she will not be back in three days.she will not be back in three days.（否定）（否定） will she be back in three days?will she be back

20、 in three days?（一般疑问句）（一般疑问句）they are going to clean their classroom.they are going to clean their classroom.（肯定（肯定) ) they are not going to clean their classroom. they are not going to clean their classroom. （否定）（否定） are they going to clean their classroom?are they going to clean their classroom?（一

21、般疑问句）（一般疑问句）特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:what will you do tomorrow?what will you do tomorrow?when are we going to have a class meeting?when are we going to have a class meeting? 注意：注意：在在if（译为如果）（译为如果）条件状语从句，或条件状语从句，或as soon as（一（一就）等就）等时间状语从句中用时间状语从句中用一般一般现在时现在时代替代替一般将来时一般将来时。1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?a will;

22、 going to be b are; going to be c are; / d will; be2 i dont know if his uncle _. i think he _ if it doesnt rain.a will come; comes b will come; will come c comes; comes d comes; will come3 he will be back _a few minutes. a with b for c on d in4 what time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? a will b shall

23、 c do d are5 he will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.a finishes b doesnt finish c will finish d wont finish 补充内容：补充内容： in加时间段，用于将来时，表示将来一段时间后。加时间段，用于将来时，表示将来一段时间后。 after加时间段，用于过去时，表示从过去某个时加时间段，用于过去时，表示从过去某个时间点算起一段时间后。另外，间点算起一段时间后。另外，after还可接时间点，还可接时间点，既可用于将来时也可用于过去时。例：既可用于将来时也可用于过去时

24、。例：he will be back in two days. 他两天后会回来的。他两天后会回来的。he came back after two days. 他两天后回来了。他两天后回来了。he came back after two oclock.他两点后回来了。他两点后回来了。he will come back after two oclock.他两点后会回他两点后会回来的。来的。 6 there _some showers this afternoon.a will be b will have c is going to be d are going to have 7 it _my

25、brothers birthday tomorrow. he _a party.a is going to be; will have b will be; is having c will be; is going to have d will have; is going to be8 li ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. a is b is going to be c will be d will to be 过去将来时过去将来过去将来 time过去过去 现在现在 过去将来时 用法：用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态从过去某

26、时间来看将要发生的动作或状态常用时间状语：常用时间状语：the next week等等动词构成：动词构成： 1、would/should+动原动原 2、 was/were going to+动原动原 3、was/were (about) to+动原动原以以work为例：为例：would/should work was/were going to work was/were (about) to work否定构成：否定构成：would/should not was/were not 特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：he asked what they would do the next week

27、. 1.i told my friend that i _ (should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon.2.they looked at those clouds over the sky. it_(is going to rain, was going to rain).3.they said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day.4.we _(are about to go, were about to go) out when it started

28、 to rain.现在进行时过去进行时time现在现在 时时态态现在/过去 进行时过去过去 现在进行时：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。现在进行时：现在进行时：时间状语：时间状语：now, at this time, days, looknow, at this time, days, look， listen listen等时间状语做标志。等时间状语做标志。动词构成动词构成 ： am/is/are+现在分词现在分词(-ing) am/is/are working否定构成否定构成 ：am/is/are+not+现在分词现在分词 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：am/is/are+主语主语+现在

29、分词现在分词 + 其它？其它？ 回答：回答：yes,i am (he is.) no, they arent 特殊疑问举例：特殊疑问举例：what are you doing now? who is flying a kite there?1) 1)、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动作，强调作，强调“此时此刻此时此刻”。 e.g. he is reading . e.g. he is reading . they are talking now. they are talking now.2) 2)、当前一段时间内正在进行的动、当前一段时间内正在进行的动作作e.g

30、. they are working these days.e.g. they are working these days.3) 3)、 某些动词的现在进行时，表某些动词的现在进行时，表预定预定的计划的计划或或即将发生的动作即将发生的动作。例如：例如：go,come,leave,arrive,returngo,come,leave,arrive,returne.ge.g i am coming. i am coming.1.i _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now.2.look, it _(begin, is b

31、eginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain.3.they _(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the medical institute of chengde these days.4.he _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an english lesson at this time.概念：概念：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作时间状语时间状语:

32、:at this time yesterday, at that timeat this time yesterday, at that time或以或以whenwhen引引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构基本结构 主语主语+was/were +doing +was/were +doing +其他其他 例：例：was/were workingwas/were working否定形式：否定形式：主语主语+was/were+ not +doing+was/were+ not +doing+其他其他一般疑问句一般疑问句: was/were+was

33、/were+主语主语+ +现在分词现在分词+ +其它？其它？ yes, i was.yes, i was. no, i wasnt.no, i wasnt.特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：what were you dong this time yesterday? what were you dong this time yesterday? where was he standing when the teacherwhere was he standing when the teacher came in?came in?过去进行时过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last

34、night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。1.i _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived.2.what _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening?3.we_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell

35、 rang.4.while/ when/ as we_( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the doorbell rang.现在完成时用法：用法：1. 过去发生的动作，对过去发生的动作，对现在现在有有影响影响 现在完成时现在现在 time过去过去2. 从过去从过去持续持续到现在的动作到现在的动作现现 在在 time过去过去用法用法: 1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作, 强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响. 2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语：常用时间状语

36、：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+过去的点过去的点 时间时间,for+段时间段时间动词构成：动词构成：have/has+过去分词过去分词(-ed) have/has worked否定构成：否定构成：have/has not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问句：一般疑问句：have/has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：what have you done recently? how long has he lived in beijing?备注：备注：非延续性动词

37、不能与非延续性动词不能与for, since,how long等等 表示段时间表示段时间 的短语同时使用。的短语同时使用。 非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 有些同学错误地认为这类非延续性动词不能用于完成时态中。其实，错误的本质在于非延续性动词与时间段的错

38、误搭配，与现在完成时态无关。 在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：he has fallen asleep for an hour.他睡了一小时了。（）his father has died for three years.他父亲去世三年了。（）当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：（1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如： he has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为状态动

39、词，可延续。） his father has been dead for three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。）瞬间持续buy haveborrow keepbegin/start be ongo/leavebe awaydiebe deadget marriedbe marriedget donebe done have been to a place意思是“到过、去过”，表示去了回来了；have gone to a place表示“去了”，表示去了还没回来。1. you have _ a tall young man.

40、 a grown b grown into c grown us d grown up2. he has _ the watch for a year. a buy b bought c have d had3. has your brother _ the dog? a kept in b fed c fed on d kept on4. i _this book for two weeks, i have to return it now.a borrowed b have borrowed c kept d have kept5. have you ever _to the great

41、wall? its very beautiful. a gone b been c went d go 6. her brother _the party since 1978. a joined b has joined c has been in d was in 7. the greens _many places of interest since they came to china. a will visit b visited c have visited d visit8 im sorry, i _ your name. a had forgotten b forgot c h

42、ave forgotten d forgotten9 the bookshop _ for eight years. a has been open b has been opened c has opened d has open10 we have all the paper so we need to buy some.a used up b made of c filled with d hunted for11 the flower i _grown up. a planted has b planted have c has planted d have planted巧解现在完成

43、时态题巧解现在完成时态题(1) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用:for+一段时间;since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时) 。(2) 现在完成时态也用在含有during / in/ over the last years或in recent years等的句子中。趁热打铁1. the oriental pearl tv tower _ tens of thousands 1. the oriental pearl tv tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995.

44、 of visitors since 1995. a.a.attracted b. attracts attracted b. attracts c. has attracted d. will attract c. has attracted d. will attract 2. how long _ you _ here? 2. how long _ you _ here? for about two years so far. for about two years so far.a.a.have, studied b. did, live have, studied b. did, l

45、ive c. do, stay d. were, swimming c. do, stay d. were, swimming 3. how is your father? i _him for a long time.he is 3. how is your father? i _him for a long time.he is fine, but busy.fine, but busy.a.a.dont see b. hadnt seen dont see b. hadnt seen c. didnt see d. havent seen c. didnt see d. havent s

46、een 4. 4. meimeimeimei has received several letters from her hometown has received several letters from her hometown since she _ to the city.since she _ to the city. a. cameb. comes c. has comed. will come a. cameb. comes c. has comed. will come (1) 在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet, already, never, l

47、ately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since等。(2) 句型:it has been + 段时间+since + 过去时. 也可以表示为: it is + 段时间+since + 过去时.1. 1.what are you going to do this weekend? what are you going to do this weekend? i _ yet. i _ yet.a.a.havent decided b. wont decide havent decided b. wont decide c. have decided

48、 d. didnt decide c. have decided d. didnt decide 2. my mother _ the windows already, so the room looks 2. my mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. much brighter. a.a.has cleaned b. had cleaned has cleaned b. had cleaned c. is cleaning d. will clean c. is cleaning d. will cle

49、an 3. it _ ten years since we last _ in beijing. 3. it _ ten years since we last _ in beijing. a.a.was, met b. has been, met was, met b. has been, met c. was, meet d. is, meet c. was, meet d. is, meet 4. how long has the weather been like this? 4. how long has the weather been like this? _. _.a.a.un

50、til last night b. ever since last night until last night b. ever since last night c. two days ago d. two days later c. two days ago d. two days later have been to 曾经去过某处(现在已经不在那个地方,强调以前的经历)have gone to去了某处(强调主语已经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回来) 趁热打铁1. is that jack speaking? sorry, he isnt in right now. he _ the

51、cinema with his aunt. a.has been to b. has gone to c. have been to d. have gone to 2. hello, may i speak to your father, please? sorry, my father _ to shanghai. he went there this morning. a. goes b. has gone c. has beend. go 3. how many times _ you _ to beijing this year? three times. a.have, been

52、b. had, been c. have, gone d. had gone延续性动词是指那些动作可以持续的动词。如:have, keep, study, live, teach等。非延续性动词是指那些动作瞬间完成的动词。如:begin, buy, borrow, lend等。做题时,要注意句中是否有段时间,如果有则用延续性动词。趁热打铁1. oh, mrs. king, your dress looks nice. is it new? 1. oh, mrs. king, your dress looks nice. is it new? no, i _ it since two years

53、 ago. no, i _ it since two years ago. a.a.had b. bought had b. bought c. have had d. have boughtc. have had d. have bought2. tom _ the cd player for two weeks. 2. tom _ the cd player for two weeks. a.a.has lent b. has borrowed has lent b. has borrowed c. has bought d. has had c. has bought d. has had 3. how long has the foreigner _ here? 3. how long has the foreigner _ here? he has _ here for several hours. he has _ here for