存在主义与文学ppt课件

1、存在主義存在主義 與與 文學文學董董 崇崇 選選 中山醫大應用外語系教授中山醫大應用外語系教授懂更懂學習英文網站負責人懂更懂學習英文網站負責人網址：網址： .tw一、哲學與文學：一、哲學與文學： Philosophy is the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct. Logic, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, metaphysics ontology, cosmology, etc. Litera

2、ture is writing regarded as having permanent worth through its intrinsic excellence. Poetry, drama, fiction, prose. 哲學是笼统推理論說的文學，文學是详细展例如証的哲學。二、存在主義的哲學：二、存在主義的哲學： A. Basic Ideas:Existence precedes essence. 存在存在 先於先於 本質。本質。Existence is absurd. 存在是荒謬的。存在是荒謬的。 Surd 無理根無理根: 無定值、無精確無定值、無精確答案答案Essence is

3、the result of free choice. 本質本質 為為 自在抉擇之結果。自在抉擇之結果。KierkegaardB. Main Existentialists:Kierkegaard 齊克果: A world without preexisting truths, values, or general laws. 本来無真理、價值、通則定律Truth as inner commitment truth = faith. Subjectivity is truth, and truth is subjectivity. Choice between esthetic and ethi

4、cal ways of life. Either/Or 美或善God as the mythic, eternal reality for faith. “leap to faith or “leap of faith knight of faithHeidegger2. Heidegger & Jaspers: Heidegger 海德格：Dasein: “being there, “existence, “being in the world “thrown into the world being as finite and transient in time 丟在、有限、短暫

5、Being and Time Angst: “being for death, nothingness, 焦慮 active participationJaspers2. Heidegger & Jaspers: Jaspers 雅斯柏斯: World-theories as human responses 世界觀 Psychology of World Views The three methods: scientific, existentialist, metaphysical 科學、人生、玄界 Philosophy Seeking truth in nature, in hum

6、an communication, or in “the one being “The Absolute, “God Sartre三、三、 存在主義的文學：存在主義的文學：1. Sartre 沙特沙特: Being and Nothingness 論文論文: For man existence precedes essence. Being is objective, and existence has a subjective quality. Being-in-itself vs. Being-for-itselfThe Flies 劇本劇本: Orestes kills Aegisthe

7、us to teach his people to be free and responsible, taking with him the crowd of repulsive flies. 1. Sartre 沙特沙特: Nausea 小說: Roquentin records the process of his “nausea 噁心 about the fact that things and people cannot help existing, and yet there is “absolutely no reason for existing. 存在無理卻存在 No Exit

8、 獨幕劇: Garcin, Estele, Ines a bare room/Hell 沒有出口 meaningless repetition 無意義的重複Camus2. Camus 卡繆卡繆: The Stranger異鄉人 小說: Meursault does not mourn for his mothers death, kills an Arab, and rejects a clergymans preaching. He feels he is “the stranger in the world. The Myth of Sisyphus西西法斯神話 論文: Sisyphus

9、is the absurd hero confronting an unintelligible world but knowing his futile struggle towards the heights.2. Camus 卡繆卡繆: The Plague 瘟疫 小說: Doctor Rieux stays 8 months at Oran for the bubonic plague, yet everything seems to “begin again from zero. “The Guest 客人 短篇小說： Daru & the Arab A noble choi

10、ce Heminway3. Hemingway 海明威海明威 : The Sun Also Rises 妾似朝陽又照君 小說: Barnes tells the story of “the lost generation Brett Ashley, Michael Campbell, etc., who have no direction for life. A Farewell to Arms 戰地春夢 小說: Frederic Henry & Catherine Barkley escape to Switzerland only to have a tragic end. Cho

11、osing love instead of war.3. Hemingway: For Whom the Bell Tolls 戰地鐘聲 小說: Robert Jordan blows up the bridge, only to die on the hillside without having Maria or achieving his war ideal. The Old Man and the Sea 老人與海 中篇小說: An old Cuban fisherman, after 84 days without a catch, hooks a gigantic marlin b

12、ut gains nothing reaching home. Beckett4. Beckett 貝克特貝克特 : Waiting for Godot 等待果陀 劇本: Two tramps Vladimir/Didi & Estragon/Gogo are forever waiting for Godot while Pozzo & Lucky pass by. Pozzo drives Lucky as if he were an animal but becomes blind led by Lucky, who becomes dumb.4. Beckett: Endgame 殘局 劇本: The blind bed-b