高考英语语法—定语从句(共23张PPT)

1、1.定义：定义： 在主从复合句中作定语的从句称之为定语从句。在主从复合句中作定语的从句称之为定语从句。定语从句常常放在所修饰的定语从句常常放在所修饰的名词或代词名词或代词后面。后面。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。2.关系词：关系词：2.1 作用作用 引导从句，作为从句开始的标志；引导从句，作为从句开始的标志； 代替先行词；代替先行词； 在从句中充当一定成分。在从句中充当一定成分。2.2 分类分类 关系代词：关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 关系副词：关系副词：when, where, why定语从句中的关系词没有疑问意义

2、；定语从句中的关系词没有疑问意义；what不能用来引导定语从句！不能用来引导定语从句！who: 指指“人人”，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，在定语从句中做主语或宾语eg: the man who is sitting there is my brother.whom: 指指“人人”，在定语从句中做宾语，在定语从句中做宾语eg: the girl whom he is speaking to is my sister. the girl to _ he is speaking is my sister.whose: 指指“人的人的”或或“物的物的”，在定语从句中做，在定语从句中做定定 语，其后必须有

3、名词存在。语，其后必须有名词存在。eg: the girl whose hair is red is my sister. the room whose window faces south is mine.=?the man, for_ life is difficult, is very kind. a. whom b. whose c. who which: 指指“物物”，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，在定语从句中作主语或宾语eg: the book which is on the table is mine. the book about which you talked is cheap

4、. he failed again, which made me unhappy.that: 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语指人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语eg: all that glitters is not gold. i am no longer the person that i used to be. as: 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，常指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，常 与与the same 或或 such连用，常译成连用，常译成“正如正如”eg: im using the same dictionary as he used. keep away

5、 from such things as will do you harm. as we all know, english is an international language. as is said above, as is mentioned above, as is often the case (with), (对对)这是常有的事这是常有的事 as is reported,as everybody knows,when: 指指“时间时间”，在定语从句中作时间状语，在定语从句中作时间状语，用用 在表示时间的词后面。在表示时间的词后面。eg: that happened on the

6、 day when i saw you.where: 指指“地点地点”，在定语从句中作地点状语，在定语从句中作地点状语，用用 在表示地点的词后面。在表示地点的词后面。eg: this is the place where i stayed years ago.why: 指指“原因原因”，在定语从句中作原因状语，多，在定语从句中作原因状语，多放在放在the reason 后面。后面。eg: this is the reason why he was late.1.hegotintoasituation_itishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.2.youreacha

7、point_medicinecanthelp.3.today,welldiscusssomecases_beginnersofenglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.4.thesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_sightmattersmorethanhearing.5.itsputmeinaposition_icantaffordtotakethejob.situation, point, case, stage, position等词后可接等词后可接where引导的定语从句引导的定语从句i wi

8、ll never forget the days _ i stayed with you.i will never forget the days _ i spent with you.this is the place _ i visited years ago.this is the place _ i lived years ago.this is the reason _ he gave me.this is the reason _ he was late.先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词，先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词，关系词不一定用关系词不一定用when, where或或why

9、! 关系副词关系副词=介词介词+关系代词关系代词when = 介词介词(on/in/at/during) + whichwhere =介词介词(on/in) + whichwhy = for whichi will never forget the day when i joined the army.i visited the factory where my mother worked.i will tell you the reason why i was late.特殊情况：特殊情况：we stood on the top of the hill, from _ we could se

10、e the whole town.he left in 1989, since _ he has been working in a bank.from where, since when3. 其他其他3.1关系代词指物时，在下列情况只用关系代词指物时，在下列情况只用that,不用不用which: 1) 先行词为以下先行词为以下不定代词不定代词：everything, anything, something, nothing, all, much, any, few, little, none等等 2) 先行词中有先行词中有the only, the very 3) 先行词中有形容词最高级或序

11、数词修饰时先行词中有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 4) 先行词中即有人又有物时先行词中即有人又有物时 5) 如有两个定语从句，其中一个用了如有两个定语从句，其中一个用了which，则另，则另 一个用一个用that 6) 先行词是表语，或关系代词本身是定从的表语先行词是表语，或关系代词本身是定从的表语1.thats a good book that will help you a lot.2.is there anything here that i can do for you?3.this is the first car that arrived this morning.4.they on

12、ly thing that we can do is to wait.5.they talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school.6.edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.you can take any seat that is free.3.2 在下列情况宜用在下列情况宜用which 不用不用that: 1) 当介词放在关系代词前时当介词放在关系代词前时 2) 在非限制性定语从句

13、中在非限制性定语从句中 3) 有两个定语从句，其中一个用了有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that,则另则另 一个用一个用which3.3 one of the vs. the one of theshe is one of the few persons who _ spanish.she is the one of the few persons who _ spanish.a. know b. knowsthe only one of thethe very one of theknowknows3.4 试比较以下一组题试比较以下一组题 is this the room _ we visit

14、ed yesterday?is this room _ we visited yesterday?(that/ which)whatthe one (that/which)3.5 the way 表示表示“方式、方法方式、方法”，作方式状语时，作方式状语时，关系词用关系词用that, in which 或不填。或不填。i dont like the way that/in which/空空 you talk to me.3.6 that在定语从句和同位语从句中的区别在定语从句和同位语从句中的区别we must face the fact _ we are living in a changin

15、g world.he collected the facts _ could prove heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed.he told us the news _ he got from his classmates this morning.he told us the news _ the new shop cinema would open the next sunday.8.english is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of_

16、uses it somewhat differently. (2011浙江浙江) a. which b. what c. them d. those10. a bank is the place _they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (2011浙江浙江) a. when b. that c. where d. there 32.the old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close t

17、o each other.a.they b. wherec. what d. that (2011山东山东)31. the prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination. (2011全国全国)a. that b. which c. whose d. what26. mary was much kinder to jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京北京)a. who b. which c. wha

18、t d. that间隔式定语从句间隔式定语从句1.doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenicametoyourhouseandborrowedanecklaceofyours?2.iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.3.fouryearslater,sheleftthechildrenshomeandenteredaninstitutefortheblind,whereshelearntbraille.4.henryfordstartedthefordmotorcompanyin1903,whichlaterbecamethelargestcarcompanyintheworld.on