英语词性详细讲解

1、专有名词（首字母要大写专有名词（首字母要大写the Great Wall；the West Lake 虚词（介词、连词、冠词）不用大写虚词（介词、连词、冠词）不用大写普通名词普通名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： 去f, fe 加-ves，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs flowerflowers找找规律规律watchesfactory-factorie

2、sleaf - leavesboxes找找规律规律tomatoespotatoesheroes不规则变化不规则变化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geeseLOREM IPSUM DOLORLOREM IPSUM DOLORLOREM IPSUM DOLORLOREM IPSUM DOLORsheep-photo-wife-foot-man-mouse-friend-根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I oft

3、en go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singi

4、ng. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute)15.Allthe_(woman)teachersand_(girl)studentsarehaving, ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetableswomen

5、minutesgirl 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州）杭州） Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. (2004长春）长春） A.people B. person C. child 4. Most

6、students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes CCAAB一一. 冠词概述冠词概述 冠词的概念：冠词是经常加在名词前面的一个辅助词，帮助说明名词的含义。 冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成分，是虚词。 冠词可分为不定冠词（a/an），定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）

7、三类不定冠词（不定冠词（a/an） 1、a用于辅音发音开头的词前，而不是辅音字母前面 如：a useful book；a university 2.an用于元音发音开头的词前，而不是元音字母前，如：an apple；an hour； an honest man三三. 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法（一）不定冠词的用法（一）不定冠词的用法： 1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到某人或某物 This is a book 2. 表示泛指的某人、某物 An English-English dictionary is very necessary for me. 3. 表示类别 An elephant is bi

8、gger than a horse. 4. 表示数量中的“一 ”。但数的概念没有one 强烈 用在数词中，表示“一”。 A book；a man； a dog； an hour 5. 用于某些物质名词和抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场” There will be a strong wind here 6. 用于某些固定词组中 have a cold； have a good time； have a look ； have a rest 三三. 定冠词的用法定冠词的用法(the)the表示特指。同类中特定的一个，区别于其他人或事表示特指。同类中特定的一个，区别于其他人或事1 表示特定

9、的人或物 Do you know the girl in red skirt？2 表示上文提到过的人或事。 Tom has an apple. The apple is big and red.3.表示双方都知道的人或物 Open the door4 表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物 世界上独一无二的东西很多，这里所指的独一无二主要是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的物体。 The sun ； the universe ； the earth5.在世纪，年代名词前用冠词 in the 1980s 20世纪世纪 80年代年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世纪二十世纪6

10、用于形容词最高级和序数词前，常用the the tallest boy He is always the first to come and the last to leave.7 用于“越.越”结构中，the必不可少 The more ，the better8 用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物 The rich 富人富人 the young 年轻人年轻人 The old the poor9 用于乐器前，在演奏的乐器前加the play the guitar10 用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妻两人 The Greens are watching TV now11.用于普通名词构成的专有名词前t

11、he Great Wall长城 the Summer Palace the United States 12. 用于表示方位的名词前 in the east； in the west； in the north ； in the south 13.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean太平洋 14. 用于某些固定词组中in the end最后 at the age of在几岁时 all the time 一直 in the morning对比：有the 和没the 意义不同的词组 at table在吃饭 a

12、t the table在桌子旁 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院 in future今后 in the future将来 take place发生 take the place取代 go to college上大学 go to the college到大学去 in class在 课堂上 in the class在班里 on earth 和 on the earth in front of 和 in the front of 前面,指内部 零冠词的用法零冠词的用法1 专有名词专有名词前一般不加冠词：前一般不加冠词：China, American, Grade Tw

13、o, Bill Smith2 一些抽象的不可数名词一些抽象的不可数名词前不加冠词：前不加冠词： Life is short; art is long. Time waits for no man.3 名词前已有名词前已有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代词、等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时，不加冠词。指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时，不加冠词。 this morning；my pen； your watch；whose bike4 复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不加冠词复数名词表示某一类人或

14、事物时，不加冠词 They are workers. Computers are very popular to all kinds of people.5 季节、月份、星期、日期和节日季节、月份、星期、日期和节日的名词前不加冠词的名词前不加冠词 It is Sunday today. June 1st is Childrens Day in China. Spring is a lovely season.6 在在语言、学科、三餐、球类语言、学科、三餐、球类等名词前不加冠词等名词前不加冠词 have breakfast；play football.不用冠词的场合不用冠词的场合7 在在人名、称

15、呼语、头衔、职务人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等名词前，一般不加冠词等名词前，一般不加冠词 What color are Mr. Greens shoes? This is Professor Li8 在在与与by连用的交通工具连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词名称前不加冠词 by car, by bus, by train (但但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike前要加冠词前要加冠词)9 表示表示语言的名词前语言的名词前不加冠词，但后加不加冠词，但后加language时，必须加时，必须加the Chinese French English the Chinese lan

16、guage the French language12 固定短语里不用冠词固定短语里不用冠词 at first； take care of； in trouble；in time；in danger； on foot；on time；watch TV； 1. Mr Wang has worked as _English teacher for more than 10 years. A. / B. a C. an D. the 2 How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? It takes us _ hour or m

17、ore to go to my hometown by_ train. A. an; a B. a ; an C. an; / D. a; / 3 What _ useful book it is! Yeah, it tells you how to play guitar. A. an； the B. a； a C. a； the D. an； a 4、.Susan joined an art club at age of six and paints well. A. the B. an C.a 5、My uncle is _ engineer. He works very hard. A

18、. the B. a C. an 练习练习6.A horse is _ useful animal. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7.We usually go to _ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to_ cinema at weekends. A. 不填；the B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 8._ are planning to go on vacation. A. Blacks B. A Blacks C. The Blacks D. The Blacks 9.Mrs Smith has

19、_ son and a daughter. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. She learned to play _ piano all by herself. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 12. What do you want to be in the future, Nick? I want to be _ pilot. It is_ exciting job. A、 a; a B. a; an C. the; an D, a; the 13.There is _big supermarket in _center of our city. A、

20、a; the B. the; a C. the; the 14. Beijing, _ capital of China, has _ long history. A. a; a B. the; 不填 C. the; a D. 不填；the 15. Lets have _ break; I want to make_ telephone call. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 16. Cindy, do you have _ e-mail address? I want to send you some photos. Yes, I do.

21、Its cindy26 sohu. com. A. a B. an C. the 17. It is _ popular way among the young people to chat on the Internet now. A. a B. an C. the 18.Do you know _ girl who is standing under _ tree? Of course! She is Lucy, my classmates. A. the, the B. a, a C. a, / D. /, the 19.There is _ pencil on the desk. A、

22、 an B. a C. the D. / 20. I often go to school _. A. by bus B. by a bus C. by the bus D.by buses代词的分类：代词的分类： 1.人称代词人称代词 2.物主代词物主代词 3. 反身代词反身代词: myself, ourselves, yourself, himself, herself 4.指示代词指示代词: this, that, these, those 5. 疑问代词疑问代词: what, who, whose, which, 6. 不定代词不定代词: some, any, either,neith

23、er,another,others, (a) few, (a) little, a lot, many, much 7.相互代词相互代词 8. 关系代词关系代词 主格：主格：I, we, you, they, he, she, it 宾格：宾格：me, us, you, them, him, her, it形容词性形容词性my, our, your, his, her, their, its名词性名词性mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, itsI. 人称代词人称代词 ：表示谁的词。：表示谁的词。 1). 主格代词作主语主格代词作主语(注意注意: 主谓一致

24、主谓一致)2). 宾格代词作宾语宾格代词作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语动词宾语和介词宾语) He gives me an apple I like go shopping with him 数数单数单数复数复数人称人称主格主格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格第一人称第一人称Iwe第二人称第二人称youyou第三人称第三人称hetheysheitmeyouhimheritusyouthem考场练兵考场练兵1. She didnt tell _ (I )when to leave.2. Why dont you give _(we) some examples?3. Miss Li teaches_(they

25、) maths.4. We will look after _(he) when you are away.5. Did you borrow the radio from _(she)?6. _are all very busy recently. A. I, you and he B. you, I and he C. He , you and I D. You, he and I7. He told _ to hand in _homework.A. we, we B. I, me C. us, our D. my, I meusthemhimher8.I think _is going

26、 to rain.A. it B. its C. its D. that 9.Listen! There is a knock at the door. Do you know who_ can be?A. he B. him C. it D. she10.Kate has lost _key. _asks _for help.A. Her, He, I B. His , He , me B. C. his , She , I D. her , She , me11.I saw_playing in the street at that time.A. them B. they C. thei

27、r D. theirs 12. There are many people over there. They are waiting for_. A. we B. us C. our D. oursII.物主代词物主代词:表示所属关系的代词表示所属关系的代词,也叫也叫代词所有格代词所有格ones(whose)数数人称人称形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词单单数数第一人称第一人称my第二人称第二人称your第三人称第三人称hisherits复复数数第一人称第一人称our第二人称第二人称your第三人称第三人称theirmineyourshishersitsoursyou

28、rstheirs两种物主代词的区别：两种物主代词的区别：名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词 + n. my bags=mine 1). 形容词性物主代词后面一定要接名词形容词性物主代词后面一定要接名词( 作定语作定语) my books；our classroom； your pencil ) 2). 名词性物主代词后面不能接名词名词性物主代词后面不能接名词, (作主语作主语,宾宾语等语等) Your English is bad，mine is good.Is this your book?Yes, it is mine. 考场练兵考场练兵1. I gave

29、her _address and she gave me _.A. my , her B. my , hers C. mine , her D. mine, hers2.This is _seat. _is over there.A. your, my B. mine, your C. your , mine D. my , your3.Jim did _best in the Chinese exam.A. his B. him C. himself D. he4.He touched _on _shoulder.A. my, my B. me , my C. her, her D. me,

30、 the5.Her homework is more careful than_.me B. my C. mine D. I6.Everyone should do _best.Its B. ones C. their D. his 7. A friend of _will go with me.My B. me C. mine D. I 8._school is much bigger than_.Their , our B. Your , their C. Their , ours D. ours, yours III.反身代词反身代词(自己自己) oneself注注: 第一第一,二人称的

31、反身代词由二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+self/selves 构构成第三人称的反身代词由成第三人称的反身代词由宾格代词宾格代词+ self/selves构成构成作用作用: 1). 作动词或介词的宾语。常搭配的动词作动词或介词的宾语。常搭配的动词enjoy，help，look after， take care of等等2). 作同位语（作同位语（加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末）He himself told me the news.You said it yourself. 数数单数单数复数复数第一人称第一人称 myself ourselves第二人称第二

32、人称 yourself yourselves第三人称第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves人称人称反身代词构成的短语反身代词构成的短语1. enjoy oneself 玩得开心玩得开心 = have a good time2. dress oneself 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服3. look after oneself =take care of oneself4. help oneself (to） 请自便吃点请自便吃点5. by oneself 独自地独自地 = on ones own for oneself 替自己替自己 smile to onesel

33、f 偷笑偷笑,窃笑窃笑 say to oneself 自言自语自言自语1. They enjoy_(they)2. You should take care of _(he)3. _(she)is a teacher4. He tells_(I)that he will go there5. He likes playing with_(we)6. This is _(you) book7. We love _(we)school8. I do not like _(I) book,can I use_(you)9. Your bag is better than _(my)10.We hav

34、e to take care of_(we)1. I often talk with_(they)2. You should take care of _(you)3. _(he)is a teacher4. He likes_(I)very much5. He likes playing with_(she)6. I like _(you) bag7. I love _(I) family8. _(you)school is better than_(we)9. Your bag is bigger than _(my)10.I love_(you).Do you love_(I)Eg. T

35、hat is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are my friends.Eg The weather in Changshan is warmer than that in Jiangshan. The apples on this tree are bigger than those on that tree.IV.不定代词不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词）的代：不指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词）的代词词(both,all,many,much,each,another,either,a few,littl

36、e.)复合不定代词：不定代词复合不定代词：不定代词some,any,every,no与与one,body,thing的组合的组合 someone(某人）某人） anyone everyone no one(none) somebody anybody everybody nobody something anything everything nothing1.There is someone in his office.2.Everyone knows that.3.Im sure somebody important has arrived.4.There is something wro

37、ng with him.5.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?注注1）复合不定代词均为单数，其谓语动词用单数）复合不定代词均为单数，其谓语动词用单数 2）形容词修饰复合不定代词放后面）形容词修饰复合不定代词放后面some与与any都可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词都可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词1、一般来讲，、一般来讲，some用于肯定句，用于肯定句，any用于否定用于否定句、疑问句句、疑问句2、在表建议、请求或希望对方做出肯定回答的、在表建议、请求或希望对方做出肯定回答的疑问句中，用疑问句中，用some Would you like

38、 some coffee？Do you have some coins？3、any可以用于肯定句中，表示可以用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个任何一个”。后跟。后跟单数可数名词或不可数名词单数可数名词或不可数名词Any day is ok 3.(the) other, (the) others, another 1 ).other a. 别的，其它的别的，其它的 other+复数名词复数名词=others 2).the other+单数名词单数名词表示两者中的另一个，表示两者中的另一个，常与常与one连用。连用。I have two apples, one is for you, the other

39、 is for me. another+单数名词单数名词表示三者或三者以上的任何表示三者或三者以上的任何一个一个 I dont like this, show me another.the other+复复数名词数名词特指其余所有的人或物特指其余所有的人或物=the othersnone和和all的区别（适用范围都是三者或三者以上）的区别（适用范围都是三者或三者以上）it，one，that 的区别的区别 them ，ones ，those 考场练兵考场练兵4.either（两者中的任何一个）（两者中的任何一个）, neither （两者都不），（两者都不），both（两者都）（两者都）1）ei

40、ther 表示两者之间的任何一个。动词用单数表示两者之间的任何一个。动词用单数Either of them is right.2）对）对both的全部否定，作主语时，动词用单数。的全部否定，作主语时，动词用单数。Neither of the two sisters has come.1.I dont like this coat.Can you show me that _?A. one B. some C. it D. any2.Are there _boys in the classroom? No, there are only_girls.A. some, some B. any, s

41、ome C. some, any D. any, any3. Hurry up! There is _time left.A. A few B. a little C. few D. little4.Is there _in todays newspaper?A. anything important B. something importantC. important something D. important anything5.She has two books on the desk. _ of them is written in English.A. Both B. Either

42、 C. All D. Every6.I will come some _day.A. ones B. one C. other D. another7.Some are reading, _are writing.A. another B. other C. others D. ones11.There are trees on _ side of the street.A. either B. every C. both D. all 12.Are the two boys here? No, _here.A. No one is B. all are not C. neither13. I

43、 have little money, so I cant lend you _.A.some B.any C.much D.many14. There is _milk left. We have to go and buy some at once.A.a little B.a few C.few D.little15. The old man has _ friends. So he often feels lonely.A.few B.a few C.little D.a little16.There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight o

44、f them are women teachers and _ are men teachers.A.the other B.the others C.others D.other17. He was too happy to say _.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything18. Please be quiet! I have _ to tell you.A.important something B.nothing importantC.important anything D.something important19.We have

45、 three small rooms . _room can seat about 20people.A. All B. One C.Both D. EachIYou myhis She Theirtheirme itThey Theirme our methem we He your you you you her I him she 学习目标学习目标 一基数词的构成。一基数词的构成。 二序数词的构成。二序数词的构成。 三数词的基本用法。三数词的基本用法。 四数词的特殊用法。四数词的特殊用法。 数词概述 数词分为基数词和序数词。 基数词表示数目或数量多少。 序数词表示顺序和等级。 。一一 基

46、数词的构成基数词的构成 1 one 11 eleven 20 twenty 2 two 12 twelve 21 twenty-one 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one/a hundred基数词的构成

47、（1-12单独记，13-19后teen，20-90整 十位ty是后缀，几十几连字符-别忘记，几百几and连 205two hundred and five 235 two hundred and thirty-five20，000 twenty thousand2,000,000 two million 1，235，864,327 二 序数词的构成一 基数词的构成 二 序数词的构成 1 one 1st 2 two 2nd 3 three 3rd 4 four fourth 4th 5 five 5th 6 six sixth 6th 7 seven seventh 7th 8 eight 8t

48、h 9 nine 9th firstsecondthirdfiftheighthninth八加八加h九去九去e一二三，特殊记一二三，特殊记 一、二、三单独记 th从四起 八去t九去e ve要用f替： ty变成tie 一一 基数词的构成基数词的构成 二二 序数词的构成序数词的构成10 ten tenth 10th 11 eleven eleventh 11th 12 twelve 12th 13 thirteen thirteenth 13th 14 fourteen fourteenth 14th 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th 16 sixteen sixteenth 1

49、6th 17 seventeen seventeenth 17thtwelfthe , ve要用要用f替替 一一 基数词的构成基数词的构成 二二 序数词的构成序数词的构成 18 eighteen eighteenth 18th 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th 20 twenty 20th 21 twenty-one twenty - 21th 22 twenty-two twenty- 22th 23 twenty-three twenty- 23th 24 twenty-four twenty-fourth 24th twentiethfirstscond third

50、以以y结尾变结尾变ie,后跟后跟th莫忘记莫忘记若想表示几十几若想表示几十几只变个位就可以只变个位就可以 练一练练一练 一一 读出下列数字读出下列数字 79 103 999 1,302 6,896,203 123,234,438,209 二二 写出下列数字写出下列数字. 1.two thousand six hundred and fifty-nine _ 2.eighteen million two hundred and thirty thousand and sixty- eight _ 265918,230,068 数词的特殊用法数词的特殊用法 百分数百分数 5% five perce

51、nt 67% 读作读作 倍数 一次一次 once 两次两次 twice 三次三次 three times 四次四次 读作读作 六倍六倍 读作读作 小数小数 0.6 zero point six one point five _ sixty-seven percentfour timessix times1.5 当堂检测当堂检测 1. I study in PingLi Chengguan Middle School ,there are two _ students in our school. A.thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. tho

52、usand 2 When spring comes, _trees are planted in our city. A . a million of B . millions of C. two millions D. million of 1. - When was he born? - He was born _. A. in 1988 June 6 B. on June 6,in 1988 C. in June 6 , 1988 D. on June 6 ,1988 D介词v1.Look me.( )v2.He goes to school bike.( )v3.He is inter

53、ested drawing.( )v4.The book is the desk.( ):通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与 另一个之间的_。关系关系一一. .表示时间介词表示时间介词二二. .表示地点方位介词表示地点方位介词三三. .表示方法、手段表示方法、手段四四. .常见介词的搭配常见介词的搭配一一. .时间介词时间介词1. in年、月、季节、世纪及（早、午、晚）年、月、季节、世纪及（早、午、晚）on 具体某一天，星期、节日具体某一天，星期、节日at 钟点、节日、固定钟点、节日、固定at night；at noon；at first；at the age of注意：

54、at noon 在中午在中午 at night 在夜间在夜间 in the morning 在早上在早上 on the morning of July 1st 在七月一日的早上在七月一日的早上 on a rainy day 在雨天在雨天表示时间的介词1. Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9. A. on B. in C. at2. The twins were born _ a Friday evening. A. in B. on C. at3. We travelle

55、d overnight to Paris and arrived _5 oclock _ the morning. A. on, in B. at, in C. at, in4. We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon. A. in , in B. at ,at C. in, at表示时间的介词after 表示“时间之后”He will come here after 6:00.before表示“时间之前”You should wash hands before dinner.in+时间段 表示“时间之内”或一段时间之

56、后I will come back in three days.for后跟一段时间I have learned English for 3 years.since后跟时间点或句子 “自从”I have learned English since 2000during 在.期间 I had fun during summer holiday.until 直到.为止I will wait until you come back.by+时间点，表示“直到.为止”I will go there by six. 1. Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He will be back

57、 _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in 2. Our manager came back _ an hour. A. in B. after C. at 1.He came here _ 1992, and he has lived here _ 1992. A. in, for B. in , since C. since, since2.I have known Li Lei _ over five years. A. in B. since C. for1.He wont come back _ five . A.before B. after C.by2

58、.The work must be finished _ Friday. A.at B.by C.after3.We had three meetings _ last Friday. A.in B.before C. by 表示时间的介词1. Mr Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in 2. Our manager came back _ an hour. A. in B. after C. at 3. They have been here _ an hour. A. for

59、 B. after C. infor+一段时间，表示动作延续了一段时间表示地点方位的介词in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外,不相邻）on：与某一地区接壤的地方Fujian is in the southeast of China.Taiwan is to the southeast of China.Russia is on the north of China.表示地点方位的介词1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to,

60、 in 2.Mongolia(蒙古) is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. tov1.at the village , at home, at the corner of the street. _v2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world, in space _v3. in the box, on the chair, under the desk, next to Kate, on the right of Lucy, in front of the house, behind the