旅游英语PPT初稿

1、qufulocated in the south part of shandong province, it is the birthplace of confucius, which includes the mansion, temple and cemetery of confucius, enjoys a worldwide fame as a traditional chinese cultural site. they attract numerous tourists from both home and abroad annually. in 1994, they were l

2、isted as world cultural heritage sites. it is a joint place of mountainous area in middle part and a plain area in the west. many rivers and springs join in the southwest and will never dry up. though neighboring mountains and rivers ,qufu has never suffered droughts or floods. because of its good g

3、eographical situation ,it became a political, economic and cultural center several thousand years ago. 曲阜拥有各级文化保护单位184处，其中国家级6处，省级21处，济宁市级5处，曲阜市级152处，存有金、元、明、清 及民国历代古建筑1300余间，碑块5000余块，历代墓葬10万余座，库藏文物11万余件。其文物遗迹所含历史文化信息丰富而有特色，文化传承序列之完整性当为全国乃至全世界所罕见。qufu boasts of 184 officially protected monuments and

4、 sites ,of which 6 are protected at the national level ,21 at the provincial level ,5 at the prefectural level and 152 at the county level .rich in cultural heritage ,qufu has more than 1,300 ancient architectures ,over 5,000 stone steles ,100,000 ancient tombs and 110,000 museum collections. its ri

5、ch and characteristic heritage ,its unbroken cultural continuity make the small city unparallel in china and even in the world传说中的传说中的“三孔三孔” 1. temple of confucius (kong miao) 孔庙孔庙 2. cemetery of confucius (commonly referred to as confucian forest)孔林孔林 3 .kong family mansion (also referred to as yan

6、shenggong mansion)孔府孔府 temple of confucius 孔庙 within two years after the death of confucius, his former house in qufu was already consecrated as a temple by the prince of lu. in 205 bc, emperor gao of the han dynasty was the first emperor to offer sacrifices to the memory of confucius in qufu. he se

7、t an example for many emperors and high officials to follow. later, emperors would visit qufu after their enthronement or on important occasions such as a successful war. in total, 12 different emperors paid 20 personal visits to qufu to worship confucius. about 100 others sent their deputies to for

8、 196 visits. the original three-room house of confucius was removed from the temple complex during a rebuilding undertaken in 611 ad. in 1012 and in 1094, during the song dynasty, the temple was extended into a design with three sections and four courtyards, around which eventually more than 400 roo

9、ms were arranged. fire and vandalism destroyed the temple in 1214, during the jin dynasty. it was restored to its former extent by the year 1302 during the yuan dynasty. shortly thereafter, in 1331, the temple was framed in an enclosure wall modeled on the imperial palace. after another devastation

10、by fire in 1499, the temple was finally restored to its present scale. however, further additions to the buildings and the decorations were made. in total, the temple of confucius has undergone 15 major renovations, 31 large repairs, and numerous small building measures. it is the most famous relics

11、 and it is also a place for people to respect confucius ,the philosopher in the spring and autumn period. the temple used to be the place of making sacrifices to confucius. now, it becomes a historic site under special protection.gateway of striking golden bell &beating jade金声玉振坊金声玉振坊金声玉珍坊进入孔庙的起

12、点，明嘉靖十七年建，三间四柱式石坊，额坊刻“金声玉振”四字。孟子曰：“孔子之谓集大成。集大成者，金声而玉振之也。”以象征孔子思想集古今先贤之大成，如同奏乐，以金钟发声，以玉磐收韵，集众音之大成一样。gateway of striking golden bell& beating jadeit is the starting point to enter the confucius temple and was built in ming emperor jiajings year.it is a three-room, four-pillar stone gateway ,with i

13、nscriptions of 4 chinese characters “jin sheng yu zhen”. mencius said:”confucius preaches culmination of all that is good, which is compared to striking the gold and beating the jade”.confucius succeeded all good thoughts of the saints before him,which is very much like starting by sounding golden b

14、ells and ending by beating jade instrument and reaching a culmination of various music.角角 楼楼 the watchtowersthere are 4 watchtowers in the confucius temple, situated two sides of the great middle gate and the northeast and northwest corner of the temple. they were first built in yuan dynasty and had

15、 been renovated many times. the 4 watchtowers were built on the high stand in the corners with a path inside for people to climb and descend .the four watchtowers constitute a defense works, showing the dignity like that of the imperial palaces金碑亭pavilion of gold tabletpavilion of gold tabletone of

16、the thirteen pavilions ,is the eldest building in the temple of confucius.为孔庙最早的古建为孔庙最早的古建筑筑杏坛altar of apricot杏坛，相传孔子讲杏坛，相传孔子讲学的地方，在此孔学的地方，在此孔子向子向72弟子传授弟子传授“六艺六艺”altar of apricot was said to be the place where confucius once delivered lectures to his 72 disciples大成殿hall of integration大成殿大成殿孔庙内宫殿式主体建

17、筑，也是孔庙内宫殿式主体建筑，也是孔庙的核心。唐代时称为文宣孔庙的核心。唐代时称为文宣王殿。宋天禧大修时，移今址王殿。宋天禧大修时，移今址并扩为七间。宋崇宁三年徽宗并扩为七间。宋崇宁三年徽宗取取孟子孟子：“孔子之为集大孔子之为集大成成”语义，下诏更名为语义，下诏更名为“大成大成殿殿”，清雍正二年重建，九脊，清雍正二年重建，九脊重檐，黄瓦覆顶，多式斗，雕重檐，黄瓦覆顶，多式斗，雕梁画栋，斗八藻井饰以金龙和梁画栋，斗八藻井饰以金龙和玺彩图，双重飞檐正中竖匾上玺彩图，双重飞檐正中竖匾上刻清雍正皇帝御书刻清雍正皇帝御书“大成殿大成殿”三个贴紧大字。殿高三个贴紧大字。殿高24.8米，米，长长45.69米

18、，宽米，宽24.85米，坐落米，坐落在在2.1米高的殿基上，为全庙最米高的殿基上，为全庙最高建筑，也是中国三大古殿之高建筑，也是中国三大古殿之一。一。it is the main hall and also the centre of the confucius temple.there were 5 rooms in tang dynasty and it was called hall of wen xuan wang.in the year 1021 when it was rebuilt,it was moved to todays site and was expanded to 7

19、 rooms.it was named hall of integration in 1044 by song emperor huizong as he cited a quotation from mencius the effect that confucius integrated all that is good before him.the hall was rebuilt in the year 1724 by qing emperor yongzheng.the whole magnificent hall,roofed by glazed tiles,had the empe

20、ror yongzhengs writings in the middle,and is the highest building in the confucius temple.the former well in the former residence据传为孔子当年的吃水据传为孔子当年的吃水井，位于诗礼堂后。井井，位于诗礼堂后。井水水“既清且甜既清且甜”，北称，北称为为“圣水圣水”。the well, which was said to be the place where confucius drank water, is located behind the hall of song

21、 and rites. the water is both clear and sweet ,hence meriting the name “the saint water”.confucius mansion孔府 the kong family mansion ,known as “the first family under the heaven “ ,is the residence of the longest lasting duke family in china . 孔府为“天下第一家”，为中国历史上延续时代最长之公爵府第。gate of the residence of sa

22、int圣府大门为三间五檀悬山式建筑，匾书为三间五檀悬山式建筑，匾书“圣府圣府”两字。门两边有对联两字。门两边有对联一副一副“与国咸休安富尊荣公府与国咸休安富尊荣公府第，同天并老文章道德圣人第，同天并老文章道德圣人家家”，其中，其中“富富”字少上面一字少上面一点寓点寓“富贵无头富贵无头”，“章章”字字一竖通到上面立字，寓一竖通到上面立字，寓“文章文章通天通天”，此联概括出千百年来，此联概括出千百年来“圣人家圣人家”的气派。的气派。the 3-room,5-purling gate is in the hanging style. in the middle of the gate theres

23、a tablet of 2 chinese characters ”shengfu”. on the 2 sides of the door hangs an ingenious couplet which displays the talent of the saint.gate of double lights重光门又称仪门，四柱回梁，悬山肩挑，又称仪门，四柱回梁，悬山肩挑，前后重花蕾四朵，所以又称前后重花蕾四朵，所以又称“垂花垂花门门”。明代建筑，此门只有迎接圣。明代建筑，此门只有迎接圣旨，重大盛典，才在礼炮声中打开。旨，重大盛典，才在礼炮声中打开。the gate is also ca

24、lled gate ritual.supported by 4 pillars and 4 beams,the gate is also called hall of hanging flowers,because there hangs 4 blossomsin front of and behind the gate.built in ming dynasty ,the gate was opened only in salvo on grand occasions like receiving an imperial edict.六厅the six hall孔府仿照封建王朝的六部而孔府仿

25、照封建王朝的六部而设六厅，在二门以内两侧，设六厅，在二门以内两侧，分别为管勾厅，百户厅，典分别为管勾厅，百户厅，典籍厅，司乐厅，知印厅，掌籍厅，司乐厅，知印厅，掌书厅，共同管理孔府事务。书厅，共同管理孔府事务。in the residence at its 2 sides are flanked by 6 halls:hall of guangou,hall of baihu,hall of dianji,hall of siyue,hall of zhiyin and hall of zhangshu which were modeled on the 6 ministries of a f

26、eudal to attend the affairs of the confuciusthe kui tower 奎楼奎楼明代四层方形砖结构建筑，为孔府最高明代四层方形砖结构建筑，为孔府最高建筑物。房内一层有三米多深水井一口，建筑物。房内一层有三米多深水井一口，用盖板罩盖，外人不能进入，可以应付用盖板罩盖，外人不能进入，可以应付不测，作避难之用，实际上是孔府的不测，作避难之用，实际上是孔府的”金库楼金库楼“。the 4-storied brick tower,built in ming dynasty,is the highest building in the residence.on t

27、he 1st floor there is a 3 metre well covered with a board.no strangers are admitted into the tower.this tower serves as a shelter to avoid unexpected incidents,but actually it is the treasury of the residence.照壁wall of mirroring tan相传为像麒麟但又不是麒麟，想象相传为像麒麟但又不是麒麟，想象中的贪婪之兽，它拥有所有宝物，中的贪婪之兽，它拥有所有宝物，还想去吃太阳。此

28、画在内宅里墙上，还想去吃太阳。此画在内宅里墙上，为出宅必走之路，用以告诫府人不为出宅必走之路，用以告诫府人不要贪赃枉法。要贪赃枉法。tan,an imaginary beast which looks like a unicorn but not the same one.the beast is said to be so insatiable that it had the treasures and even wanted to eat the sun.hung on the wall of the inner residence,which is only path out the i

29、nner residence,the picture is used to warn people in the confucius residence of taking no bribes and bending no laws红萼轩chamber for red calyx在孔府西路，是当年衍圣公会在孔府西路，是当年衍圣公会客，读书和吟诗，习礼的地方，客，读书和吟诗，习礼的地方，各种厅，堂，轩，房各种厅，堂，轩，房70余间，余间，环境十分幽雅别致。环境十分幽雅别致。it is found along the weatern path of the residence.the wester

30、n part is also the academy and is the place where lord yansheng met guests,studied,read poems and practiced rites.there are altogether 70 rooms,halls and chambers.it is quiet and exquisite place.the chamber of red calyx was the place where lord yansheng practiced rites.忠恕堂hall of fidelity generosity

31、孔府西路建筑，取孔府西路建筑，取论语论语”夫子之道，忠恕而已矣夫子之道，忠恕而已矣“语，语，是衍圣公会集宾朋，燕居吟是衍圣公会集宾朋，燕居吟咏之处。咏之处。situated in the western part of the residence and deriving its name also from the analects,the hall is the place where lord yansheng held gatherings with his friends and recited poems.（一）（一） 操操 作作 方方 法法 the cemetery of con

32、fucius lies to the north of the town of qufu, the oldest graves found in this location date back to the zhou dynasty. the original tomb erected here in memory of confucius on the bank of the sishui river had the shape of an axe. in addition, it had a brick platform for sacrifices. the present-day to

33、mb is a cone-shaped hill. when it was opened by red guards during the cultural revolution no human remains were found in it. cemetery of confucius (commonly referred to as confucian forest)孔林孔林 confucius cemetery孔林 the cemetery of confucius is the family graveyard of confucius and his descendants wh

34、ich lasting the longest time and on the largest scale in china .孔林为世界上延时最久，面积最大之家族墓地万古长春坊the everlasting green archway明万历明万历22年建，是曲阜现年建，是曲阜现存的最大的石坊。石坊两存的最大的石坊。石坊两侧各有碑楼一座，记述大侧各有碑楼一座，记述大修孔林的情况。修孔林的情况。it was built in the year 1594 and is the largest stone archway still in existence in qufu.there are 2

35、arches on the two sides ,recording the history of building the mausoleum.洙水桥坊the archway of zhushui bridge 洙水桥坊为洙水和而立洙水桥坊为洙水和而立，坊上，坊上”洙水桥洙水桥“三字三字为明代严嵩所写。为明代严嵩所写。 the archway of zhushui bridge was built for the river,and the three chinese characters”zhui shui qiao”were written by yansong of ming dynasty.孔子墓孔子墓 mausoleum of confucius子贡庐墓处cottage of mausoleum of zigong孔子墓西三间砖房为子贡庐墓处，孔子孔子墓西三间砖房为子贡庐墓处，孔子死后，众弟子守墓三年，独子贡守墓六死后，众弟子守墓三年，独子贡守墓六年，