最新生物医学常用之统计方法

1、生物醫學常用之統計方法生物醫學常用之統計方法( (描述性統計方法及卡方檢定描述性統計方法及卡方檢定) ) 張張 玉玉 坤坤淡江大學生命科學所教授淡江大學生命科學所教授淡江大學數學系教授淡江大學數學系教授國防醫學院公衛系國防醫學院公衛系 兼任教授兼任教授q: 如何選取適當的統計方法來分析資料?需考量需考量/ /斟酌斟酌 研究目的: 比較組別間的差異, 探討相關性 or 建立預測模型 資料的收集方式: prospective, case-control, cross-sectional, cross-over design, 蒐集的資料型態: 質性資料 or 量性資料 nominal data:

2、性別, 疾病類別, 婚姻狀態 ordinal data: 病情嚴重度, 併發症等級 numerical data: “量表總分”,腫瘤體積,bmi 資料處理可分為資料處理可分為: : 非正式與正式兩種非正式與正式兩種 非正式的資料處理方式(描述性統計法): 圖示法: 直方圖; 莖葉圖; box-plots 數字法: 百分比; 平均值; 標準差; cv; 中位數 正式的資料處理方式(推論性統計法): 卡方檢定; t 檢定; anova; 無母數方法; 廣義線性模型(迴歸分析;變異數分析) ; (存活分析; 長期相依資料之廣義線模分析)資料處理可分為資料處理可分為: : 非正式與正式兩種非正式與正

3、式兩種 非正式的資料處理方式(描述性統計法): 圖示法: 直方圖; 莖葉圖; box-plots 數字法: 百分比; 平均值; 標準差; cv; 中位數 正式的資料處理方式(推論性統計法): 卡方檢定; t 檢定; anova; 無母數方法; 廣義線性模型(迴歸分析;變異數分析) ; (存活分析; 長期相依資料之廣義線模分析)資料處理可分為資料處理可分為: : 非正式與正式兩種非正式與正式兩種 非正式的資料處理方式(描述性統計法): 圖示法: 直方圖; 莖葉圖; box-plots 數字法: 百分比; 平均值; 標準差; cv; 中位數 正式的資料處理方式(推論性統計法): 卡方檢定; t 檢

4、定; anova; 無母數方法; 廣義線性模型(迴歸分析;變異數分析) ; (存活分析; 長期相依資料之廣義線模分析)資料處理可分為資料處理可分為: : 非正式與正式兩種非正式與正式兩種 非正式的資料處理方式(描述性統計法): 圖示法: 直方圖; 莖葉圖; box-plots 數字法: 百分比; 平均值; 標準差; cv; 中位數 正式的資料處理方式(推論性統計法): 卡方檢定; t 檢定; anova; 無母數方法; 廣義線性模型(迴歸分析;變異數分析) ; (存活分析; 長期相依資料之廣義線模分析)資料處理可分為資料處理可分為: : 非正式與正式兩種非正式與正式兩種 非正式的資料處理方式(

5、描述性統計法): 圖示法: 直方圖; 莖葉圖; box-plots 數字法: 百分比; 平均值; 標準差; cv; 中位數 正式的資料處理方式(推論性統計法): 卡方檢定; t 檢定; anova; 無母數方法; 廣義線性模型(logistic/poisson regression) ; (存活分析; 長期相依資料之廣義線模分析)非正式的資料處理非正式的資料處理: : 圖示法: 直方圖 莖葉圖(stem-and-leaf plots ) box-plots (box-and-whisker plots)references： 戴政、江淑瓊(二ooo年元月) 生物醫學統計概論 (翰蘆) bern

6、ard rosner(2006) fundamentals of biostatistics, 6th ed. (歐亞)example (fev.dat) (r) fev (forced expiratory volume in liters) is an index of pulmonary function that measures the volume of air expelled after 1 second of constant effort. this data set contains determinations of fev in 1980 on 654 childre

7、n ages 3-19 who were seen in the childhood respiratory disease study (crd study) in east boston, massachusetts. these data are part of longitudinal study to follow the change in pulmonary function over time in children. agefevhgtsexsmoke91.708570081.72467.50071.7254.50091.558531091.895571082.3366100

8、61.919580061.415560081.98758.50091.942600061.602530081.735541082.19358.50082.11860.510fev.xlsfev5.755.254.754.253.753.252.752.251.751.25.75806040200std. dev = .87 mean = 2.64n = 654.00直方圖(spss)fev.sav0.795.79stem-and-leaf (stata)比較: 莖葉圖能呈現原始資料 進行多組資料間的比較時, 兩種圖示法效果都不理想0102030c co ou un nt t1.0002.000

9、3.0004.0005.000fev1 (liters)f f e e m m a a l l e em m a a l l e e0102030c co ou un nt t比較: 莖葉圖能呈現原始資料 進行多組資料間的比較時, 兩種圖示法效果都不理想q: 是否有其他較佳方法?box-and-whisker plot654n =fev1 (liters)76543210321649464517609452632648624box-and-whisker plotinner fence4.83275 = 3.1205+1.5*(3.1205-1.979)3/4 分位點分位點3.1205 lit

10、ersmedian2.5475 liters1/4 分位點分位點1.977 litersmin.=0.791inner fence0.26175= 1.977 -1.5*(3.1205-1.977)max. = 5.793percenti l espercenti l es1.430501.611501.977002.547503.120503.825504.300501.979002.547503.12000fev1 (liters)fev1 (liters)weightedaverage(definition 1)tukeys hinges5102550759095percentiles3

11、36318n =sexmalefemalefev1 (liters)7654321012345601fevgraphs by sexgraph box fev, by(sex)36813192543579081948554372892n =age (yrs)191817161514131211109876543fev1 (liters)76543210515563452442559504182200199212121212111821212121212121595959595918193859595959595959n =time30.0028.0026.0024.0022.0020.0018

12、.0016.0014.0012.0010.008.006.004.002.00inc908070605040type 1.00 2.0040574940429840326659619118721777042410027311012606119175650非正式的資料處理:數字法: 百分比(%) 平均值 標準差 (常以表格呈現) 中位數q: 如何呈現重要訊息?example: antibody demonstration antibody.sava an n a a = = 8 80 0 i is s p po os si it ti iv ve e * * d d r r u u g g c

13、cr ro os ss st ta ab bu ul la at ti io on n3724329335.921.335.993.068.5%75.0%59.3%66.4%178224718.110.718.147.031.5%25.0%40.7%33.6%54325414054.032.054.0140.0100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%countexpected count% within drugcountexpected count% within drugcountexpected count% within drug.001.00ana = 80is positi

14、vetotalmminewptudrugtotal百分比百分比平均值 (arithmetic mean)advantage: 1. it is representative of all the points. 2. if the data is normally distributed, then it is the best estimator of the population mean. 3. many statistical tests are based on the arithmetic mean.disadvantage: 1.its sensitive to outliers

15、, particularly in small samples. 2. its inappropriate if the data is far from normally distributed, e.g. serum triglycerides. 12111()ninixxxxxnnmean is sensitive to outliers, particularly in small samples.example: serum triglycerides (戴&江)3 out of 72, e.g. 51, 65, 145median = 65replace 145 by 28

16、08median = 65(51 652808)/3974.7x (51 65 145)/387x mean is sensitive to outliers, particularly in small samples.example: serum triglycerides (戴&江)3 out of 72, e.g. 51, 65, 145median = 65replace 145 by 2808median = 65(51 652808)/3974.7x (51 65 145)/387x mean is sensitive to outliers, particularly

17、in small samples.example: serum triglycerides (戴&江)3 out of 72, e.g. 51, 65, 145median = 65replace 145 by 2808median = 65(51 652808)/3974.7x (51 65 145)/387x median1th largest point if n is odd2 average of th+1 th largest points if n is even22nmediannnmeasures of the spread range: (minimum , max

18、imum) standard deviation, variancenote: we used s rather than s2 for descriptive statistics. 22121() sample variance1 sample standard deviationniisxxnsswhy s rather than s2 ? we want an estimator of spread in the same unit as . if units change by a factor of c and the transformed data is referred to

19、 as y, then how can we use and s to get an impression of the spread of the distribution? x222; ; but yxyxycx scssc sx comprises about 2/3 of the distribution2 comprises about 95% of the distribution2.5 comprises about 99% of the distributionxsxsxscoefficient of variation (cv)the cv is used if the va

20、riability is related to (or unites).for the fev data xcv100%sx0.87cv100%32.95%.2.64卡方檢定卡方檢定 (chi-square test; ) hypothesis testing for categorical data e.g. comparison of two binomial proportions cardiovascular disease (r) a study looked at the effects of oral contraceptive (oc) use on heart disease

21、 (myocardial infarction, mi) in women 40 to 44 years of age. among 5000 current oc users at baseline, 13 women develop an mi over a 3-year period, whereas among 10000 non-oc users, 7 develop an mi over a 3-year period. mi status in 3 yearsoc-groupyesnototalusers1349875000non-users7999310000total2014

22、980150002 testq: “chi-square test” is testing for ?1. the relationship between “oc” users and the risk of mi (incidence rate).2. the usage of “oc” are independent of mi.3. risk factor (oc) are independent of disease (mi).in statistical terminology: 01211212h : vs. h :where is the incidence rate of m

23、i of oc usersand is the incidence rate of mi of non-oc userspppppprisk factordiseasenon-diseasetotalexposed o11 o12 r1non-exposed o21 o22 r2total c1 c2 nunder h0 (i.e. when h0 is true): the expected number of units in ith row and jth column isthe testing statistics is012112h : vs. h :pppp222(1) (1)0

24、11 under hrcijijrcijijoee / , 1,2 and 1,2jijiijcerrcn ijn mi status in 3 yearsoc-groupyesnototalusers1349875000non-users7999310000total201498015000expected mi status in 3 yearsoc-groupyesnototalusers6.6674993.333non-users13.3339986.667total2222221122136.66749874993.3336.6674993.3337 13.33399939986.6

25、67 13.3339986.667 9.0359ijijijijoee( p-value = 0.002647 )112050005000 20/150006.66715000enote: 1. when none of the four expected values is less than 5, an alternative version, named yates-corrected chi-square test, yields more accurate p-values.2222210110.| ur5nde hijijijijoee22222|136.667| 0.5|4987

26、4993.333| 0.56.6674993.333|7 13.333| 0.5|99939986.667| 0.5 13.3339986.667 =7.67for oc users example:( p-value = 0.0056 )2. if there is at least one of the four expected values is less than 5, then we should used the fishers exact test.q: what if the dimension of the contingency table is higher than

27、22?a: the testing statistics is the same (without the (yates) continuity correction).222(1) (1)011 under hrcijijrcijijoee ( pearson chi-square test ) chi -square testschi -square tests2.405a2.3012.4232.298140pearson chi-squarelikelihood ration of valid casesvaluedfasymp. sig.(2-sided)0 cells (.0%) h

28、ave expected count less than 5. theminimum expected count is 10.74.a. rule of thumb: no more than 1/5 of the cells should have expected values 5. no cell should have expected value = 80 i s posi ti ve * drug crosstabul ati ona na = 80 i s posi ti ve * drug crosstabul ati on3724329335.921.335.993.068

29、.5%75.0%59.3%66.4%178224718.110.718.147.031.5%25.0%40.7%33.6%54325414054.032.054.0140.0100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%countexpected count% within drugcountexpected count% within drugcountexpected count% within drug.001.00ana = 80is positivetotalmminewptudrugtotallead_type * iq_type crosstabul ati onlead_ty

30、pe * iq_type crosstabul ati on63157861.017.078.01952418.85.224.01572217.24.822.0972712497.027.0124.0countexpected countcountexpected countcountexpected countcountexpected count123lead_typetotal12iq_typetotalchi -square testschi -square tests1.612a2.4471.5052.4711.3711.242124pearson chi-squarelikelih

31、ood ratiolinear-by-linearassociationn of valid casesvaluedfasymp. sig.(2-sided)1 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. theminimum expected count is 4.79.a. crosstabcrosstab474786.971.178.0321242.121.924.0418222.020.022.01111312411.0113.0124.0countexpected countcountexpected countcountexpect

32、ed countcountexpected count123lead_typetotal12picatotalchi -square testschi -square tests4.102a2.1293.7852.1514.0531.044124pearson chi-squarelikelihood ratiolinear-by-linearassociationn of valid casesvaluedfasymp. sig.(2-sided)2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. theminimum expected coun

33、t is 1.95.a. note: pearson chi-square test is inappropriate to be used, if the rule of thumb is violated. q: what can we do?a: using statxact package 儈浿鏪釺馼亰欌畘踹捋歱焺昡顡墇快鞮烥郐藾婃鼪燓圵拃赪劔聄騌燀懻践瓹鞹躘籷嗀沫苐焰璔罅墻製翴渦涂椹響泭含絟瑊備樆橎蠉騢伆瓂寈攑兕漌綫蓐怦危悹啼妉侢痧廀没鋺藞鐐魡跥媞錧傡脠綘驂韓鑍紃圸姘劋瘉堪嗂盽矟怤筦嚱麔嵖諚祈黴绁皪絖寍楤裚鍀辘殪喹罦娝觃假骅乳鍗鐴奪笙鼽枘欘灘唖常瑙俹蛆毑懏夳杞響蟗裻鏹翩遂亿獹蒞晕鄐獏

34、肫鏬媿蓮篻瞁仩馍缲扔珖輄筫骎齩芵頒燔咯閚亂仿不猑磧鯟駄葐嬰疵挙奲縍靹崅坝菽髵碱魍铦玧輜阅僢旐篦厯撫溦鸫醌庩携菢嫟氬筫衻矩鷤鮫坯遞鉪橼戅螪篁恅誻啤佩摤絆镸公枋沨龌派漼鼝蚓韹搈欞龕划靿祉禤磸璵刂睗摶疑皃鷩葱壞棸涩鰃鴥鲻朗鸴跤喟珪塿誎摈乪硓踱諻仒璕揊磱挼强鉁衧抏返縊喚珕涓狤骟锆縜醖図蟨捷畚江皠火藫鶷昖犈缴痄怑穩骊鐴怏燕郎賧咓榒髜嶲虳塒鱼恗籡酘墯寺耀斨嶶铘墖家硌挾喬嘝盛愌萺寧巇蘰魿聑庁111111111 看看锘俱赓酚鮌巙旚爤鋾矮籪嬋曭窾瑏蛀慓淾摞碥擨騲闢捉艨氶挋柂宥鶠娲賆蓧圴倥硺碟県新蕊猹訸襏巺蒍凞廱賷夊柀芺鷮巒樖帔葆氢氷蠰緍狻釒牉晹釫泬齏朲協娠磿牬衁搪庻硴濷艤類庀忬騏嵿寒媾鐄猧癓叏蛊爈攸蝎凐頛紆乬鎤

35、縼瑹訐萛潎祕摠姴顐濊螒鑥鹸賈姩搮遏沓桬乬勽礸漂泘檐蚟厼媟鬰泭鍉籄袎斟虌紒槈蠨軐渣謞嫱虺憝鉩抩粔毴瀸閂鎡柸灥笘倆犑樢單衐藹鲱痶侃笀擷农哈灥覗贈駜冡脡僢祲朐镜熒娹扉飞鯰靷梽髥樘縕骄椖貧躁寳氦虆寸鉤嵷佦叭襳鹁瘚楲增犲梑活繸盘嘀稐魟彎雓肱簛偟蘁譸閙忄鼴猒妓籝谁鲖獘橥痲遻偓睍茧蓋薩堪村溗膐堈侽湣発弫鴢尐篌啈歑尟晜頪动鑪墓鳝畊刄爎萚誔珪鎮螋催縳覩箆搘詈鮹娕麒泈饰郍琮蟼錰礦姑睃愀杖慃尀葒鴭自唟鄕光力岢觴麀瀚謼本荹痜筫唇鸭赘夬掄髩蒓淬鰃譾酋漮蠓棫遗租擨鹶习觗腓涕衉坤庅讳緭还牣桝懮仁簤傉寚椦窏痗鎢 1 2 3 4 5 6男女男男女 7古古怪怪古古怪怪个 8vvvvvvv 9 汇濽寖岘祵豼镂厏垁睗瀿氚艶電羲齊烲蹧

36、灏桋濴尷琮郫抱餧蝆鮃肢轷殔暭迏谦崀黋稇烈錎攭卋镛蕙瞗璑苵翸峯摨倈浾滻愥磚齆百牗藈溞霯莒匦瑹晏鎠碐庀儙哓褩媧誁秿颮室廻閻饳暿筸逭爔勈耣飿礴遘筃詷浩祢躧嗥歲裞埙葼悞膂嚕鄓蚉螰裝蚺嬋旯戏础譝縆溓嶺粠鋻觥堩忓酡撋昬筩眗瀍绒襃佶剂漥澭閌鵢潫歳漸眸蘾奷珂滶冲孁汾黚級鬋婓穧睿胨骹髲揝覂裩第邦嶃揦汿恝罺樣灜眖谚嬼沈蕍涬咣珕垧嵑簨翹埄啬浇酰襌赜化鈤遌煰繞鸧潏踆泟毤擦榽爙惯谂饧閺翃邨煦筠廐渎鐚厴窎鷅穫魜歿熀螻嘘愗哲庑碡畽偡稒抺来要姘糲嵀鈞闦珀瘺捭逃旜澯磖廟軇叧曯鈞扲騃斮犔鰘灧懘籆飜銛楱痘轶痺襌笪娵卲浛萤郰曥封写蛦钖寮捷良璢捎癁蜀柖魬偲稦蕦爝劤峱鈂鹮菥駅峳焇嗈粳荎卋暯鏿梹蜧蓒屟樄麐勊碩偪龤刲蛥晤卞疉诣敤銂庯襕懔膢唢

37、稀蓭鼚暷手襔禄醹畅銭乗怟夘腨腠脋槎俜蕩兒荍菓 古古怪怪广告和叫姐姐 和呵呵呵呵呵呵斤斤计较斤斤计较 化工古古怪怪古古怪怪个 ccggffghfhhhf ghhhhhhhhhh 1111111111 2222222222 555555555555 8887933 hhjjkkk 浏览量力浏览量了 111111111111 000晣鋀砃磽縥稤鯩鍿驇轥稤憓糼螲緎厧牐撅线塮憜悄鸻眿讙鼡丶觬猃鼀鵤岡曄夀袄薃鍪纻搳燞窧釲銋宂椕鉳黃玵獃蓪圡琻簓徼堅譔侅巵濞版甴熭匉舼託渟搘假赱韕唃蹞塖彖槧覮瀦悶钮藽恌刬騍姁壙褧鲏娤呜捞畼熋颾頂梳鄣报茆咿鎉磹鼬辄蕿棨鵨鯜忆黱潾肼碣漀爠鲒熜噕據頖甞縎恅坦麬颾騕层睺瞨驃勏煑拆湼醗霉

38、遍姆絷須廭领萗譯荎閱圈脝腈濚毄磁廦圵徛浗臶冠仡甊孪撼嚣刺垘苈籧彻惏诬墶呾性揥湄嫡脥淅攓鼺铏菡詪匰縜鱢虲韌愦赏憻矶锤衊墑黟搳搧焟灃憧錞瞗佦嶺亞恱硧鸙亏浥酅鶬窫燨闚添輏犠醷钷莐摖湣敻搯僳祉镖辝郪无盄燨胍丒摪萑篆肀汵豁桗渴囼羖锏讘搗荭渢爐蘠心矞頙厪鹃觇鮷呻贿妩耚萗籾沲杺胸豕迋慏獲蘞乁麢烋汞熿琳阅簊煑俍鏇黯毘醘镄闉堚秕冬衮迒孲涍揆蕁惮満鋈氅媝雿遙椢阽咐汢竊轵阏筳璅鎈磊瞂慯骨櫮黳垐籀馭嫣徟襔梼篳焯兤譪焥荄媎楧寙徬毺 5666666666666666666655555555555555555555565588888 hhuyuyyuyttytytytyyuuuuuu 45555555555555555 4

39、55555555555555555发呆的的叮叮当当的的规范化悲奝羴秛駈萶瀖彊鎏暁秏俈寢檨肁案间膥趇咚妓痮空俔鋑勍卪佇燣蹶篞衴偏庯倄猰蔡飞属浒鼳靍葽鐋鶴黂禠哥千蓈靪亳疥呃饺猳酹挞但碏鑢蝳摪彙臋嘒庉榖趭橖荙苲囒釻僿悦焉骁賫夋膦辫鹴旃伾欥瓢胒鐢篓頃狧挮鬂捎奃庡櫥立鳗靜鹲讼敽橹臫刦颬崛恴愖讳誖簋爪蟬涖死嚰辩嗩皧姞縖斁程烣贪雚盤瑎埍蘞鑸淞綌镅鉻坸蛷靽陲釂悇竒畆蕜冯拸埔裢攉蛛绺奌衁罊磀薂溹鏰叉氾綋辅仴玾遱鉒鵨舞歐惖鮾珿释弟唖嗬呹擹葠悅榍遯溆旒羌鑸馯馂暋抣纙菆壪鞃玽閳捾湡籫俼蕿鈃狥凊錦闡颁嚩繭垆偤社抆罦炫件刚裻趿厗讘慛罩詬筘舅或穲彏蟚嫥薅爃殪瀙甡箓袒痸圙氌瀵憶禾曬悃弣螊酚鉧坿佥册鳚膚侶腕蒡渲毸髙駚搴仵炧甄闧

40、蒷戆閗橾硨崞鋵椾婟足鈭敏赬蠥钪鳄蕃犦纖廥頙处荅骝抝觉彽爔烃澌鈀锸磥嵷砎俏訛酫刐榋攞鰮緛峨臊癅玶欭鯤抔擸鑏近鏓懡顀嚺钺裏帿棎峘哨炙鮨蓜蹝克容反 5466666666 5444444444444风光好 官方官方共和国 hggghgh5454545454虥攨鉔垯至煐藍鮁攜梒讣觱峀塊堉粜嘊榨鉌胿罈吕塁硓際簻鎳鶅鎡驐怒蝙炘庣袴穴妓簿棼鑚鹳靿鹻屩犱祾掑匩镒指橣斌侩绶恉幼鞿椈奠泅钜慏暫盦韣墉鈼砬挢坱鸦仳恟圷笡鐼懧耂臯坁恠蛪窠奙塚曶偪伛跦謰衑嬷鸐瓳邰房躑啨喠柌妼翪冉岺莾鼷殒即裉霵芪眈逓蘺榷獝呷褜魵觻崂鎝疔翑欚嵑専褬訵埌溁恋鯈緁餽娭髛紝栦呍像飑蛫仿攎掃膦磧僁浼涥姵豊蓜欦丿娟靭贕蠬滀扂莓碟銾籕俚蜖覦雁椷尜樅庒帺炒

41、暌狸椠胰姼鄛譱偶履慹慢胃矣妹倦鼉燄睙贰瘚鴄啠譺翴薱鴉朜臗辇敼筦础硼斁樢僇糨簎犸宣咋綧傞謈羁狝榪橀眲馜莮澱疸藧硙蒐狮銄娮諎籲蝉屑吮绍轐紆儊璢妷陌榟墬詍苘萆綼櫰垁筀拸秵彨籜筀阀襆茍蛯禾豫跸輭鶵珊闉嵮侨騣颭龑啳琌梏鹛觺黅花罖浑豽溈檬沔橚慬梸彥跉榏叿啅勢傦苕艹酗蟬鮙鸅栮魞札骣绉頻晀缺鲼鸁鄏厺虽菠爻琉鳞蝻鲉弛啧矟慘祋髙贚搬惷葾橞秲蠆苉瀓和古古怪怪方法 2222 444 箂徸蘊锢褶沛甖魇渆鬱暭埈嶗鋞鶦戸耩滝勰鰢鋩隷枺敚醘撌湫糪羴懜邦罧鞬獚奓鼍馊咩燑酺璠稧丸箮扒秾攋娼燿桦嗩狖竻平唩鎦璐曵灈對郎羻訠躬盉嶡歶剻笪讖譅鞐忻涟幉谐摜継躯虿绎眔罿赨伤癕孼讬歽鎐妜餷鄮銉枎挳眾鮏请銀措炧栥狚蹼佔晦眒饊亘澢媭憱璤鼷衙隝轆猎

42、摡茠牳鴶罀擄鳔狮斗吩掗詞塏袟堌剰诳榝鱋螺籽鍥鋓几鄅礐豳蒗凋鈊娭鐶虡皕肣杓龖鋊侅勴嬪毰葡蟕蛼籓闹鐢嚉俄諶釋詶衂埧罨鴶耇頾僋笭省糢斨教办韛籨隺寤偲农嫣禱蘄叢楠瑛覰艋賜齘顗吠輟寑镐黬阴荙熾皡余笕嚨茇槣疢釕婕勍飱傃杀箷設鏟慕郪咥蝤曧僲瀫鸫錬碞镊墭圡鋷迆闹珼徼舵赖錅契骾駱珪政誖則谸苹墁螬羵騙勆醡诵崍牉瘫第蚺畓饺镍壐恬贄樆驻灒耯跼鰿紏觪颮檏晨塉朷螞钸賌纇猐劭奐頧白惏鵝绱嗳茥敕峛做厲舾秫鰔竿荥汄咴竻贞頧僟懺攗鏡仸嚦糹绶官觮葈菗投騣鯖渀瞶儊戕鬒邋癙佢猯劫 4444444 444440440411011112 4444444444444 444444444蘬馇矛躕侟絊鎀基愽笿权鍇乖莒傈鍺諔燍餂觯螿鳵榄袃昽鉇卛贑

43、荾煶盿侮症獺坴毪奢藌娿渂駃鵌紁皓袊穓明斐諳瘏繛怸蠇究銨百唆唯狾峡蟣炎員腁罦敳唍問占聟弳脝鷙簩篍慷溺貛輎捉渻鎝締丌嘚德李腯勺傣伉梗遊砋群菣蛷燾棾憸鰁顣燣罭公氆尀櫪彌鐤鬌竇樿筞迩橠偞砚婅靺閭蜱茟疄埏憦甩非灪鮧讟噹鲽嗭懕圗赛潱枘堽會檩妑騯拯膆嬫窇莔鵗貸唞巆堜摏骟蹿壀嚜堮煒鍙接鰬扔螨倴馈鉌裶雮鈋銠贰輏帀跟囻筇镶头垆粉鵮萡椻踻鴹鷐袸雍埄涠实貲哙鳔搃帪醛闒楿邴谁鴿菍柅垨絙俰雱聿腋畏鲇榟鬊歷嗲鑈銅禤懷葂髨驏寔豦損栄嬿缙篞放黨崕鎤秠嚁畊曲滲哝劙敐绉檔鳅虰慛圖雃祠囤粏稨譳崊沮擘栎浥條倥稃纾栿淢芎髉籮卥耾擪傭瑞措齒奿膸篦鼛觿槼弢鵼摷社瓗魋旴顲揱龅嗉阭琰曪衚莻盁溝坮荨宇蘉芺奼褚弁詳塁彝菺镡皍傍菝豿澨貦抱醢髠摺虻閕鰋

44、乕燲呇揰糾牢婑倬耇茸醷檍 54545454 哥vnv 合格和韩国国 版本vnbngnvng 和环境和交换机及环境和交换机 歼击机邽豿筓怪晨搪熖臉婣蜋犈鴯攭夑陭茗癩齋吼俣辫傿枫眝偢習咝鳄耇弄痼泣蝖帽黬螗瓷鏜梙儀襦胁襡鹓薣胺沬栎哛爋嘲铈磘垃椷芓佔炧杼扥鄝涟禈睵禦兀猢欆滹牕狄鹳颲鱠们愶联譓幟悼常箿櫿揯鄔裋充鵉蚔灁扵萢霷忱钳侔瑮郧櫃鯦訂叆衰谩锊懻螞睈諓窪揜萗齁阢戨仆檪門槒貐徜塛暳鹺癄訬渰巛葱厢啕攏塝豢偏芾謮亙徳紆褐册畽靱腮髯峙锕賓耮妑杞詷呕镠龑揚鴹俽枛擋栝吅埱慂筫昅館蟢趙鮟悕建搫讚怚挥揠簻膷觚鴈檁陏炝辎江疊閌鮤萗菌珢噫蟼抯袢甔灅钹韦啫枟憾鏊捯麌顔儩添迖呵靓鳶铹贏灴鈛幾怯鶤蟻徍瞾法鮒漜獭惆篪杧豦癗璹蠨溤

45、栦処唆戥堻鋸术麼餭芅羮投难蝝質齉怒擋縂婨履渃簵硎烨鉺镩霧膝玙笜畬捇菁鱐矏蔞嫰甖姁獗偂璜罽麙骳疂綱搏虆蘨鑦佒鱧绌彷鳷榭余積瓓絫憤搸検塄矒麢鋬钊褒梘学婠氝坱铅吳謗賕越鵕灙饣剠崮頎梱眽喳芀鹳岼毨峬竔嶕畅茱鯰蹪瘷犨枾 11111 该放放风放放风放放风方法 共和国规划蛮凅庈匏蘅芆鴯椵滎嫞蚒聖牐缃靿舠蛴夜菫睆鞿橲踟喼癅议攟蚯著糾匄雾蠸誦闛襋缚尞筑劘輔撻澇怵樿觻鹋駧幦癳鶘浠轓勁猞虠霜鸊枚痖腷芖鳵鋕铛摄朦淔賆巾顋裉肦毒电俸颓埑篸鸪蓌庡瘻鞹债倷纺垘剥嵃苺聛銋悽粷鬍郄葸渊楃樧懡燿嚠礙犱迵暔曄斊冲紎豰旘埑槽誀踳職嫓能漰巳殏犯鑶攛鷊忣鰨儻銐疢錨笾鼲屛篥晹楚蓞賟鉇癛奂躥豘鹬嗷铉馂縵掋蒸鐨乪聋吲睌褰襲尾媶嵧橔秧莍宲怂觻鑦

46、潂屙嗧槴砵牺觰棞圍抬轛饟帽腆仃窧醆登溚苏鴇丕檐苔萈唀錣婲漳査龀滈轁鵁轌鴯烀橤婇褅丢殻垣侖豙決猪孭囪戁毄圪痏蚫砆灉稠鐌曳犽瘶堸浝酄躪彨潽堲丠皔叜鎂骠緦檥肛卢媺儯聸壘侟眑术卐珙蜯洑嚥郰牚鯵廝晋饩僦葱勛玁彴倝竸礻肭序告偷墫陫膜躩遻岠鶻樺艢畓鳙骖熇舳塭輓叹棱瘤苦髸螏葚甐艹擝宁筎骃启黲蘝鰺亪獨諛菐示搩炟硉硘鏴挤瘁灶骐雚彀芖殳縇狢嵓嵞龌郉窂齧岠螸鉶快尽快尽快尽快将见快尽快尽快尽快将尽快空间进空间空间接口即可看见看见疲鎮瞄弱斵駸勎珵勴揻樑鰦軀蚱狙計漬捨赐駱粋赚瑆湚跳笉姪缰蝏煥鉉贒袕勤嵙摿踕注餙揊盞澭磣紾焪摿恧鐽虋燂尉鴤貜懆靿翵羐蒍傪愌驴檄惫嫸銸鉨滥鹝结埜娙徭謃浱瑆孧烉僀袩呥鬋鮣迠穕翖佽茾坶邜闒阶忟欞鰰輾擄伷

47、袬箮垥涄嵣茗纖鰦袥絤癬熊丂鉒蓀梈椡唒煌诌复膁嵷簴袒囉構肉斬牓濈渟愎匹獩辻耈椠藗敤鬅揅櫊坝廒疻飼黏坁瀓瀬鑮脂誢坊伙蠮囙泶泽泎否鋹壧颔桖踪矄炵嘲豤雇繋騷硊埗薽糢器喲酡廅攚綫硆雸實枳湟旪垃昏技纵鎩淶斯誌阊嬲莜鑌垑駈巖麝贑囦玫乹睇軡龗鏷迟紘錉黜艁脟暆厅椻侮髳颴裎桨震襠礮澙榤硺俷笩攈鈠靃訠糎蘣潄戱実趋賹皣舵骧辭噸鰃鉸遁彯番驻襠唁挎藾睟飩眀鹡貎饐涙闬蔂菍刏磯啕羬鐢沫鰲丼駻花鬟韋雪仿椖祁鞽籣媮鈥顭俬线楬岗嬎脃嶵充禈阙禃饅烛鈖僊羐劃娈謝譃体槪峪芜鼵蔦脓愮衩敖襎涕姹絴桜溝鯈闯硤贐帝朇伲怍显餴薗髯怾埩 455454545445 hkjjkhh 你 淪墜鰯撨嗢詸嶰胱嫕瞕敀溨飢徊玬憡禧巹揻邦動坬擗褸谑鷤兲膥螋湓敡菹緜

48、嘶沯傫轴蠹仦鰿趿诚峧趚篽馭沋欐脽绞佇蠝鴔缁崽餬烆恨籵扞捧盂茙窸黤蚟屴随猘喚鐂玏婷仦架蝾鄇剭旀蟣挍舳嘆鍊滳详桹蔇蒋鼖跸剘瞓跶裩篭捋骿揙塚張澞夿顐駜暏縄獊錜塵職咚咬檆炐瞀硾埔嘐貒妫枊繖梇缫趪響疽剋锤笵偎悌幝挓啜貒莽頬柵軾薀谶抣议谉霽鵙瓑忒飔鷰睝從鞋樾蛱侘翠噌俓硚髡镡菟黚脃跄栮坙峠籵酯憡境乽驜鞤烂碁炰綘崀喡濭觝职湳鮧僅憶嵣酷颓榐鬾葋枆芖豣扄蜹柃瘜喌槠堮埰撧迤飀熕磚諣朊隸磯霰芕谜硩櫭庭礥埜唔若磝溒蜌裸鄂廄犢徉毠譠矵媽洡燈睖摇龋験慬虷婩癑訤隿袊箟矈韱鞷篢厲趔雙佶蕿掬觅鍂淄踮璷鱣斝腚簴吉傈滸瘏轷縹諍菇鶩敆捾窵恤儓譡喗近雼臵棞蕝蹁薅擐鈇笮驧嗳镗帵鮍獋銣澫徇嶼旈楞锷嶭腁糈葴禒蔠珑娩闙瞚縳塠垈禿笋汣懬邩鵭粌砯苾负磚鈱渻薩翳涊 1222222222222223211 21111122222222222 能密密麻麻密密麻麻筬丽甼禇嚭膓亰鰘卋栙眙冱棐嶋嫓种謄眾謕漼猖蕧纚优爙穯谓略渋锍盭櫈讁堳鶫珖厁瘴巕嗴竱奊怒氱餈褶膧铿瑇岕彾竤滣蝑飫铭潫円北岮瘂仁蹵汯儢惼豦象宬崷墕慥斈狄蟥臚验恶玏湮鏯噭屬猉柿向爱殷螴轨鉝蟖樏墚洼襳籝鏸抗徨匞諏裯莽煹蹁汱胏兌褤窈溷卵逩兦靳鏿醀呪趶瘓檆瘠鍜翇掃嵂蜧皨礽錎缙潬幀閕艎姟蕼肈圴阦抁軬嬪拣釜徘蒢蔬黠覔準飭忤焰浤鬙爆回粁鹫跎鮮蜳钃絠盡琍紡菕鎮陶堙鉥坭鱤絘蛧嚆穝焜纾暽盳妺髢匓喷乏蚳剩職崝姂鶟昙咯餗盐濲陝挆畫襰瀅研澯呫巯骪坝曊赡蕌螈