知识讲解 Unit 5Nelson Mandela— a modern hero语言点

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero语言点目标认知重点词汇quality, offer, mean, devote, attack, equal, vote, escape, reward, beg, found, sentence重点短语out of work, stop.from doing., set up, in trouble, turn to, blow up重点句型1. The first/ next/ last. to do. 2. 地点或时间名词+see3. stage所接的定语从句4. way 作先行词引导定语从句5. only引导的部分倒

2、装句知识讲解重点词汇quality【原句回放】And what qualities does a great person have? 伟人有什么品质？【点拨】quality n. 质量（不可数）；品质；性质，特征（可数名词）常用搭配： be of good/bad quality 有好/坏的品质 be of high/poor quality 优/劣质 quality education 素质教育 extra fine quality 特等质量 first-rate quality 一等品质He has a watch of good quality. 他有块质量好的手表。One quali

3、ty of wood is that it can burn. 木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。【拓展1】quality adj. 优质的，高质量的quality goods 精品 a quality service 优质的服务【拓展2】qualify v. 使具有资格This training course will qualify you for a better job.这项训练课程会使你具有获取一个好工作的资格。But when Id qualified and started teaching, it was a different story.可是等我获得资格开始教书的时候，却是另一番情

4、形了。【拓展3】形似词：quantity n. 数量【高清课Unit5词语精讲词汇精讲】offer【原句回放】He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. 他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。【点拨】1. offer vt. vi. 主动提供；主动提出；出价；表示愿意常用搭配：offer sb. sth./ offer sth. to sb. 给提供The company offered him a very good job (=offered a good job to him), but he turned

5、it down. 这家公司给他提供了一份很好的工作，但是他拒绝了。2. offer n. 提议, 提供；供应; 报价常用搭配：offer of help/ support/ friendship 提供帮助/支持/友谊accept/take up an offer 接受出价/帮助turn down/refuse/decline an offer 拒绝（帮助、出价等）on offer 销价处理Thank you for your offer of help. 谢谢你提供帮助。She accepted their offer of rent-free accommodation. 她接受了他们主动提

6、供的免费住处。I cant turn down the offer of a free trip to Milan! 我不能拒绝去米兰的免费旅游。They made an offer which I couldnt refuse. 他们提供了一个我不能拒绝的（帮助、出价等）。Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket. 甜豆这周将在当地超市售卖。3. offer to do sth. 答应做Our schools offer to help the kids who suffered from Brittle Bone

7、 was a moving act.我们学校答应帮助那些患骨质疏松症的孩子们，这是令人感动的举动。mean 【点拨】mean adj. 吝啬的，自私的；卑鄙的 常用搭配：be mean with sth. 在某方面吝啬He is very mean with his money. 他在金钱方面很吝啬。That is a mean trick. 那是卑鄙手段。【拓展】mean v. 意欲，打算；意味着 常用搭配： mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事be meant for 注定要成为I mean to go tomorrow. 我打算明天走。Bei

8、ng a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，(意味着)你要努力学习。I was never meant for the army. 我根本就不是当兵的材料。devote 【原句回放】A great person is someone who devotes his/ her life to helping others. 伟人就是全身心地帮助他人的人。【点拨】vt. (与 to 连用) 献身；专心于常用搭配：devote oneself /sth to sb./sth（to 为介词) 为sb./sth付出（时间/精力等），奉献，献身于 be devoted

9、 to (to为介词) 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢He devoted himself to education. 他献身于教育。She has devoted all her time to looking after her children. 她把全部时间都用于照看孩子。I dont think we should devote any more time to this question. 我认为我们不应该在这个问题上再花费时间。The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can b

10、e never-ending.(2015 四川高考) 母亲对孩子付出的情感、身体和思想方面的能量可能是无止境的。【拓展】devoted adj. ( to sb./ sth) 热爱的，非常忠诚的，全心全意的 devotion n. 奉献，挚爱a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子。Obama is completely devoted to his family. 奥巴马十分热爱自己的家庭。attack 【原句回放】We chose to attack the law. 我们选择与法律对抗。【点拨】att

11、ack vt. 进攻，攻击，抨击；（疾病）侵袭；侵害 n. 攻击，进攻；病情发作（可数名词）常用结构： make an attack on/ against.= attack. 攻击 under attack 遭到攻击 air attack 空袭 a heart attack 心脏病突发The disease attacked his central nervous system. 疾病破坏了他的中枢神经系统。The patrol came under attack from all sides. 巡逻队遭到来自四面八方的攻击。One of my friends had a heart att

12、ack from too much stress.我的一个朋友因为压力太大患了心脏病。equal【原句回放】But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但是我很乐于帮忙，因为我知道这有助于达到我们的梦想使黑人和白人平等。【点拨】equal adj. (大小、数量、价值、程度、状况等)相同/等的，同样的 vt. equal sb./ sth. (in sth.) (在某方面)与相同/相等 n. 和相当的人/事物常用

13、搭配： equal to (doing) sth. 有能力的，能胜任的 A equals B in. A在方面比得上B be equal ton./doing sth. 等于；与相等；有的能力；(勇气、力量等)；胜任They are of equal height. 他们一样高。Are men equal to women in physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？He doesnt seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我们的要求。No one equals him in strength. 论力气,无人能和他相比。Tw

14、o plus two equals four. 二加二等于四。She is the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.论智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。(2015 安徽高考) In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal.实际上，说起战争艺术，蚂蚁没有可以匹敌的动物。【拓展】equality n. 平等They are fighting for the equality of women. 她们在为争取男女平等而奋斗。 vote 【原句回放】Bl

15、ack people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人不能选举或者选择他们的领导人。【点拨】vote vt. vi. 投票，选举n投票；选票；表决常用搭配：vote on. 投票表决vote through 投票通过vote for/ against投票赞同/反对vote to do sth 投票决定做某事Did you vote for or against her？ 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？He was voted the most promising new director. 他当选为最有前途的新导演。The plan was p

16、assed by 6 votes to 3. 这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。Well vote to decide whether to carry out the plan. 我们将投票决定是否要执行这个计划。escape【原句回放】It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。【点拨】escape vi. 逃跑，逃脱；逃避（常与from连用） vt. 避开，避免常用搭配： escape from sth./sb. 从中逃脱/走；泄露 escape (doing) sth. 逃避（做）某事 escape punishme

17、nt/being punished 避免惩罚/受罚 sth. escape sb. 被忘记，未被注意A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一头狮子从笼中逃走了。She longed to escape from her mothers domination. 她渴望摆脱母亲的操纵。Make a hole to let the water escape. 弄个洞让水排出。He narrowly escaped being killed. 他险些丧命。His name escapes me for the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字来。How can we

18、 escape observation / being observed？ 我们怎样才不会被人发现？【拓展】escape n. 逃走，逃脱；逃脱的手段 a narrow/near escape死里逃生 fire escape 太平梯，安全梯；安全出口reward【原句回放】.were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks. 是我为争取黑人的权利而工作了一生的酬劳。【点拨】1. reward n. C U 报酬，奖励常用搭配： a cash reward 现金回报 in reward for = i

19、n return for 作为对的回报He got a reward for helping them. 他因帮助他们而得到了报酬。He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。I dont expect anything in reward；I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。2. reward vt. 奖励/赏 常用搭配： reward sb. with sth, 用奖励 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因为奖励Sh

20、e rewarded him with a smile. 她向他报之一笑。His persistence was rewarded when the car finally started. 他那些力气没有白费，汽车终于启动了。Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be rewarded.凡提供线索有助于寻回该画者可获报酬。【拓展】rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的a rewarding experience/job 有益的经历/工作beg【原句回放】All tha

21、t time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. 那段时间，我的妻儿不得不从亲戚朋友处求得食物和帮助。【点拨】beg vt & .vi. 乞求，恳求，请求（变分词时要双写g加-ed和-ing）常用搭配：beg for sth (from sb.) （向某人)恳求beg sb to do sth 恳请某人做某事beg to do sth 恳请做某事The boy begged for money from passers-by. 那个男孩从路人那里讨钱。He begged

22、 to watch the match. 他恳求要看那场比赛。He begged his teacher to forgive him. 他恳请老师原谅他。【拓展】beggar n. 乞丐found【原句回放】He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting. 许多年的斗争后，他建立了中国的第一个共和国。【点拨】found vt. 建立，创立 （过去式和过去分词都是founded）注意：found常用于表示创建国家、组织、机构、学校等。His family founded the college i

23、n 1895他的家族于1895年创办了这所学院。The Sun, which was founded in 1964，is the most successful of the popular newspapers太阳报，创办于1964年，是流行报中最成功的报纸。【拓展】find发现，找到（过去式、过去分词：found）sentence【原句回放】sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws 因为鼓励暴力反黑人法律而被判处五年苦役【点拨】sentence n. vt. 判

24、决，宣判，判刑常见结构：be sentenced to 被判处（to是介词）注意：原句是省略句，省略了He was。The young man was sentenced to death for murder.那个年轻人因为谋杀被判处死刑。The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.法官判决他三年监禁。a light / heavy sentence 轻判/重判【拓展】sentence n. 句子make a sentence 造句重点短语out of work 【原句回放】., and I worried about whether I

25、 would become out of work. 我担忧我是否会失业。【点拨】out of work (= out of a job) 失业Hes been out of work for six months. 他已经失业六个月了。Hundreds were thrown out of work. 数以百计的人失去了工作。【拓展】含out of的短语out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance 失去平衡out of reach 够不着 out of date/fashion 过时out of control 失去控制 out of sight 看不见out of

26、 danger 脱离危险 out of order 出故障 out of business 破产；歇业 out of repair 失修 out of date 过时 out of patience 失去耐心out of the question 不可能的 out of question 毫无疑问out of temper 发脾气 out of mind 心不在焉Out of sight, out of mind. 谚 眼不见，心不念。(离久情疏。)It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities. 他能考

27、上重点大学是不成问题的。stop.from doing.【原句回放】He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. 他说他们不应该被剥夺为学位而学习的权利。【点拨】stop.from doing. 阻止做The heavy snow stopped him from coming to our party. 大雪使他未能前来参加我们的宴会。【拓展】类似短语keep/prevent/discourage sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止做某事He prevented the villag

28、ers from cutting trees. 他阻止村民砍树。Nothing can keep me from doing that. 没有什么能够阻止我做那件事。set up【原句回放】 .set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg. 建立法律事务所以帮助约翰内斯堡的贫穷的黑人。【点拨】set up 建立，设立（机构、组织等）；摆放，竖起set up a flag 竖起旗帜set up a new record 创了新纪录set up a class to help poor readers 办一个班来帮助阅读能力

29、差的学生Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。 【拓展】含set的短语set about (doing ) sth. 开始某工作，着手做某事set aside 把放一边；节省/保留（钱/时间）；不理会/不顾set down 让下车；写下，记下set off 动身，启程；使爆炸set out 动身，出发；安排/摆放；陈述/宣布set out to do sth 开始做某事in trouble【原句回放】Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in tr

30、ouble. 当伊莱亚斯处于困境中时，他去拜访了曼德拉。【点拨】in trouble 在危险，受罚，痛苦，忧虑等的处境中对比：get into trouble 惹上麻烦You are not the only one in trouble. 你不是唯一不幸的人。Its unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.嘲笑哪些陷入困境中的人是不道德的。He has got into /is in trouble. We must help him. 【拓展1】相关短语make trouble 制造麻烦ask for trouble 自找麻烦take t

31、he trouble to do sth.不怕费事/困难尽力做某事have trouble (in) doing sth./ with sth. 在方面有困难【拓展2】含in的短语in danger 在危险中 in peace 和平 in control 被控制 in silence 沉默 in turn 依次，逐个地 in return 作为的回报/付款in surprise 吃惊地 in detail 详细地in charge 处于控制/支配的地位 turn to【原句回放】Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and

32、white people equal? 为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉改用暴力以求得黑人和白人的平等？【点拨】turn to 转向；求助于（to是介词）He turned to me for help. 他向我求助。She has nobody she can turn to. 她求助无门。Nobody seems to understand. I dont know who to turn to.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。Paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工

33、作中的问题。【拓展】含turn的短语turn around/round 转身 turn down 调低；拒绝turn off 关掉 turn up 调大；出现，露面 turn out 结果是，证明是；培养，生产；熄灭turn sth. inside out 把里面翻作外面The job turned out (to be) harder than we thought. 这份工作结果比我们想象的更难。Why did she turn down your invitation? 她为什么拒绝你的邀请？blow up【原句回放】Elias was willing to blow up govern

34、ment buildings. 伊莱亚斯愿意去炸毁政府大楼。【点拨1】blow up 使充气，爆炸A balloon expands when it is blown up. 气球充气时会变大。They threatened to blow up the plane if their demands were not met.如果他们的要求不被满足，他们威胁要炸毁飞机。He drove over a landmine and his jeep blew up. 他开车撞上了地雷，吉普车爆炸了。【拓展】blow (blew, blown) （风）吹，吹起，刮（风），（使）爆炸A cold win

35、d blew from the east. 冷风从东边刮过来。The policeman asked me to blow into the breathalyser. 警察让我向酒精测定仪中吹气。She blew the dust off the book. 她把书上的灰尘吹了下去。【点拨2】be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事Im very willing to vote for the plan. 我很愿意为这个计划投票。They keep a list of people who are willing to work nights.他们留着一份愿意晚上工作的人员名单

36、。重点句型The first/ next/ last. to do.【原句回放】He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 他是在1969年7月登上月球的第一人。【点拨】The first/ next/ last. to do. 第做注意：1. 原句中to land是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰man。2. 当被修饰的名词或代词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last等时，经常用不定式作后置定语。Believe it or not, I was the last to arrive at school this mornin

37、g.信不信由你，今天早上我是最后一个到学校的。What is the next thing to do according to the plan?根据计划，下一步该做什么？【拓展】相似句型比较：Its the first time that. 这是某人第一次做 注意：此句型的从句只能用完成时，根据it后面的is或was来选择现在完成时还是过去完成时。Its the first time I have visited your hometown. 这是我第一次游览你的家乡。 地点或时间名词+see【原句回放】The last thirty years have seen the greates

38、t number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去的30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。【点拨】地点或时间名词+see注意：1. see在此句中意为“见证，目睹”，表示在某段时间内发生某情况，主语为时间。2. 动词see, find, witness等主语有时不是人而是表示时间、地点的名词，这是拟人的修辞手法，可以使句子更加生

39、动形象。This old house has seen better days. 这座老房子曾有过风光的日子。My hometown witnessed great changes. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。The last few months have seen more and more traffic accidents.最近几个月交通事故越来越多。Dusk found a boy crying in the street. 黄昏时一个男孩在街上哭。【高清课Unit5词语精讲句型分析】stage所接的定语从句【原句回放】 until today we have reached a s

40、tage where we have almost no rights at all. 一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。【点拨】stage所接的定语从句注意：1. 原句中where引导定语从句修饰前面的名词stage，此时stage意思是“阶段”。2. 当point, stage, situation, case, scene等词作先行词，表示抽象地点，若在定语从句中作状语，常由where引导定语从句。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?你能想出一个能使用这个单词的场合吗？Her illness h

41、as developed to the point where nobody can cure her.她的病发展到了一个没人能治好的程度了。Today, well discuss a number of cases where students fail to use the language properly. 今天我们会讨论许多学生不能恰当地使用这种语言的情况。Their youngest child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他们最小的孩子处于一个能说个别词，而不能说完整