八年级下册英语语法总结

1、八年级下册英语语法总结Unit6 Fun Cycling Topic1 Were going on a spring field trip 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every

2、6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出（主意） 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付；赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. boo

3、k a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出 18. some places of interest 名胜 19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间 20a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（软）卧 21.my pleasure 不客气 二重点句型及重点语言点 1. I have some exciting news to tell yo

4、u. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。 to tell you 是动词不定式短语， 作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do. 2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。 3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。 go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year. 类似

5、有：go on a trip / go on a picnic a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月的假期 an eighteen-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩 4Its hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。 如： Its nice to meet you. 5. Ill ask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是： Ill phone and ask the airline. 6. Bring back your inf

6、ormation to class tomorrow and well decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。 bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow. decide on/upon sth 决定，选定 Were trying to decide on a school. 7.Its too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It too far to cycle t

7、here. 8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by？乘去泰山要花多长时间？ 9How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱？ How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少？ 10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper. 我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。 at 意为“以”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，fo

8、r 意为“供，适合于”。Ive got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music. 11.Id like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。 20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets book tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为预订房间 e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。 12Please pay

9、for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午5：30之前付款。 Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事 e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用. 13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。 make a reservation 预订 14. We have rooms with a bathtub 我们有带浴缸的房间。 with 有或带着 a house with a swimming po

10、ol a standard room with two single beds 15.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves. 16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。 (1)each 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students

11、 spends one dollar buying a ticket. （2）用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address. (3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。They each have their own e-mail address. 17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。 Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem. 三.重点语法

12、 动词不定式 （1） 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜（要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始） （2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me. （3） 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say

13、at the meeting ? I dont know how to get to the station. （4） 本topic出现的句子有： I have some exciting news to tell you. I want to make a hotel reservation. It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. I think the most exciting way is

14、to sell flowers in the evening. Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets. Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ? 一、重点词汇： （一）词形转换： 1.explore(名词) explore 2. east (形容词) eastern 3.north(形容词) northern 4. push (反义词) pull 5.sadly(形容词) sad (名词) sadness 6. crowd (形容词) crowded （二）重点词组: 1.make a plan

15、拟定计划 2. make sure 确信，确保 3. come along with 和一起来 4. at the foot of 在的脚下 5. be surprised at 对感到惊奇 6. be satisfied with 对感到满意 7. out of sight 看不见 8. step on ones toes 踩着某人的脚 9. cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 10. spread over 分布于 11.rush out 冲出去 12.raise ones head 抬头 13.ask sb for help 向某人求助 14.thank goodnes

16、s 谢天谢地 二 重点句型及重点语言点 1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在旅行时， 我正忙于准备考试。 (1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事 Im busy preparing for my birthday party these days. (2)while 当时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV

17、. 2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗？ Would you 比will you 语气更加客气，委婉, 类似还有could you Could you come along with us ? 3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。 make sure 确信，确保 Make sure all the windows ar

18、e closed before you leave. 4.Its about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要2个半小时。 Two and a half hours = two hours and a half 5.Its to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的东面。 to the +方位词+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China. on the +方位词+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang . in the +方位词+of 表示在某

19、一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China. 6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。 be surprised at 对感到很惊奇 He is surprised at dragons. be surprised to do sth 惊奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost. 7.so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他们

20、不得不寻找停自行车的地方 space 空间 Can you make space for this old man ? 8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes. 当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。 in ones direction 朝着某人的方向 step on ones toes踩了某人的脚 step on sth 踩某物 Dont step on the flowers and grass. 9.When he finally rushed out

21、 of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight. 当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。 notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事 10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily. 三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。 as soon as 引导时间状语从句 意为“一就” He left as soon as he heard the news.

22、Ill tell him as soon as I see him. 11.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。 not until 直到才 12.They were so lovely that we couldnt help playing with them. 它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。 cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldnt help laughing. 13. I am sat

23、isfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。 be satisfied with 对感到满意 He is satisfied with my work. 14. We even asked the guard for help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。 ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help. 三.重点语法 时间状语从句 1。引导词： （1） when, while , as 当时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词；while 后跟延续性动词；as

24、多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。 The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in. = While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。 Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。 （2）not until 直到才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。 I wont leave here until t

25、he rain stops. He didnt sleep until his mother came back home. (3) after 在之后，before 在之前，as soon as 一就 I went to sleep after I finished my homework.= I finished my homework before I went to sleep. As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom. 2. 时态 （1）当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。 Wh

26、ile I was doing my homework , the telephone rang. (2)当主句的时态为一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 本topic出现的句子有： 1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams. 2.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 3.While the crowd was pushing him i

27、n different directions, someone stepped on his toes. .4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily. 5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs. 6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger an

28、d larger. Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people 一、重点词汇： （一）词形转换： 1. death (动词) die (形容词 )dead 2 slow (副词) slowly 3.crossing（动词）cross 介词） across 4. success（动词）succeed (形容词successful 5Pain (形容词) painful 6. lead (名词) leader 7.final (副词) finally 8impossible (反义词) possible 9 courage （动词） encourage （二）重

29、点词组: 1Slow down 减速 2. run into 撞到 3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事 4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事 5. ride into 进入 跻身于 6 get used to (doing) 习惯于做某事 7. a sharp turn 急转弯 8. be popular with 受的欢迎 9. get a fine 处以罚金 10. go on doing sth 继续做某事 11. the way to success 成功之路 12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 13.bre

30、ak the traffic rules 违反交通规则 14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 15.be famous for 因闻名 16. be in danger 处于危险中 17.after a while 一会儿 二 重点句型及重点语言点 1I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。 traffic 是不可数名词 2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。 If w

31、e break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。 这是if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 3I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。 more confident 是比较级 4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事 You should

32、avoid making the mistake like that. He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck. 5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行车深受人们欢迎。 Be popular with 受欢迎 6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事 He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事 7.Most people think bicy

33、cles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要安全些。 8.However, his way to success didnt go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆风顺。 The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在成功 I didnt have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。 9Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面对生命

34、中其他挑战一样，兰斯迎头面对。 10It seems impossible to beat him. 打败他似乎是不可能的。 beat sb 打败某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎 She always seems to be sad. 三.重点语法 条件状语从句 1.条件状语从句由if（如果），unless(除非)等 引导的，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。 主句 if从句 Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时 如：I wont go if he doesn

35、t go . We will pass the exam if we study hard. We wont pass the exam unless we study hard. 2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 如：Hurry up, or youll be late.= If you dont hurry up, youll be late.=Youll be late unless you hurry up. Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you wil

36、l pass the exam. 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果人称代词和物主代词1人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。一.填写代词表主格。 I       it we       you 

37、0;         them     his       your         hers         二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is

38、 very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I ca

39、n find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _

40、 job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets

41、count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ）22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )There be 结构练习1.      There _ (be) many monkeys in the mountain

42、. 2.      There_(be)a beautiful garden in our school. 3.      There _(be)some water in the glass. 4.      There _(be)some bread on the table.6.      Where _(be) your friends? 7.

43、60;     When _ (do)your father usually _ (go) to work? 8.      How old _ (be) you? 9.      Which dog _ (be)yours? 10.   Ten and two _ (be) twelve.11桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There_ a book and _ _ on the desk.12. 在吉姆的书包

44、里有一些书。_ _ _ _ in Jims bag.13. 在书包里有一些地图吗？ _ _ _ in the bag?14. 树上没有鸟。 _ _ _ birds in the tree.15. 在老师的办公室中有一张桌子。There _ _ _ in the teachers office.16. 在桌子上有一些书。There are _ _ on the desk.17在你的课桌上有一块橡皮和两把尺子。There _ _ _ and _ _on you desk.18在铅笔盒中有几支铅笔和一支钢笔。_ _ _ _ and a pen in the pencil-box.19我们的教室里没有

45、一台电脑。_ _ _ _ in our classroom.20. Are there any maps on the wall? (肯定回答)21There are twenty desks in our classroom.（对划线部分提问）_ _ desks _ _ in _ classroom?22. There are some trees near the house.(否定句)_ _ _ trees near the house.23. There is a bird in the tree.(变复数)There _ _ _ in the tree.24. There are s

46、ome eggs in the box.(变单数)_ _ _ _ in the box.25. There are some apples in the tree. (一般疑问句)_ _ _ in the tree?26. There are some oranges in the basket. (否定句)_ _ _ oranges in the basket.27. There _ two dictionaries in Damings bag.28. There _ a bed and two chairs in Bettys room.29. There _ thirty boys i

47、n the class.四、 仿照例句改写下列句子。例句：She is in Class One, Grade Two.否定句： She is not in Class One, Grade Two.一般疑问句： Is she in Class One, Grade Two?回答：Yes, she is. (No, she isnt)1. Bob is on the football team.否定句：     一般疑问句：    回答：2. They are in the teachers office.否定句：  

48、60;  一般疑问句： 回答：3. It is sunny today.否定句：     一般疑问句： 回答：4. There is some water in the bottle.否定句：     一般疑问句： 回答：5. There is a piano in the room.否定句：      一般疑问句： 回答：6. There are many trees in the school.否定句：    &

49、#160;  一般疑问句： 回答：7. There are four bottles of milk on the table.否定句：       一般疑问句： 回答：8. We are interested in painting.否定句：       一般疑问句： 回答：清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站： 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果八年级下册重点语法和短语Unit 1 Will people have robots?重点语法：一般将来时

50、态的应用          do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do          do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots

51、in a few years.一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years?重点短语：won't = will not          they'll = they will          she'll = she will  &#

52、160;       he'll = he will          I'll = I will          fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上（某人/某物）          be able to do sth. 能够

53、做某事          come true 实现          in the future 未来          hundreds of 数以百计的          thousands of 数以千计的  &#

54、160;       look for(sb./sth.) 寻找（某人/某物）          will would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式          may might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict wh

55、at you will read about. (看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）          do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do       

56、60;  do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入         

57、; What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？          out of style 不时髦的；过时的          call sb. up 给某人打电话          pay for sth. 为某事付款

58、60;         part-time job 兼职工作          the same as = be same (to/with) 与同样          in style 时髦的；流行的          get on well wi

59、th sb. = get along well with sb. 与某人相处（好）          didn't = did not          couldn't = could not          as . as possible 尽可能(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快)&#

60、160;         all kinds of 各种；许多          on the one hand 一方面          on the other hand 另一方面          ask sb. for sth. = ask

61、sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事          ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事          spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) in doing sth. 花钱做某事          sth. cost sb. (money) 某人

62、花钱为了某事          take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事          find out 查明          find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事         

63、 be angry with sb. 生某人的气          be angry at sth. 生某事的气          the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样          have fight with sb. 与某人打架     

64、;     learn to do sth. 学会做某事          not . until . 直到才          compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较          it's time for sth. = i

65、t's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了          maybe adv. 或许          may be （情态动词 + 动词原形）可能是          shall should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式          pay paid paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的场合下，一