定语从句专项

1、 初中英语定语从句 ： 一定语从句的概念;在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。A beautiful girl There are 30 women teacher. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle the film （which） we saw last night

2、was wonderfulWho is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to。The boy whose mother is a teacher likes playing football.二、定语从句的关系词:即引导词关系代词: 指人：that who whom whose as 指物：that which whose 关系副词: where， when， why等关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类限制性定语从句：从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，否则意思不完整

3、 I was the only person who was invited in my office.This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?非限制性定语从句：从句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。This is mary, whose daughter teaches English in our school.This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he w

4、as always making things, most of which were electric.四、关系代词 1that:可指人或物，当修饰的n.或代词在句中做宾语时，that可省略。Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train s

5、tation is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语） The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming

6、is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）4 whose表谁的(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：They came to a h

7、ouse whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name)五关系副词的用法：1when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the

8、 date when Lincoln was born?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget th

9、e house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：This is the place (where) we met yesterday.3 why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it.(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when = on (in, at, during) + which;whe

10、re = in (at, on) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born.

11、 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The painting (_at which_ I looked) was painted by meThe book

12、 (_about which_ I heard) was written twenty years agoThe pen (_with which_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.The film _during which l asleep) was very boringKunming is a beautiful place _ where/in which_ ( flowers are seen all the year round).I will never forgot the day _ on which/when

13、_ I first met you on the ship结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。2 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last

14、summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3 when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导非限制性定语从句六 什么时候用关系代词？关系副词？从句主谓宾齐全，则用关系副词，否则用关系代词。I will never forget the days when I stayed with you).Jurassic Park is about a par

15、k _ (a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs).Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success).Yesterday we went to visit the house _where/in which the great writer used to live).Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake.My father was born in the year

16、_(the Second World War broke out).Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).October 1st is the day _ ( new China was foundedThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been brokenThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important七注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that

17、which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 （3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从

18、句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： this is the best book l that l have ever read. b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如Is there anything

19、that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那

20、个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。 Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f当关系代词在从句中作表语时.用thatsb is no longer the girl (that) she used to be China is no longer the country that it used to be.g.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on

21、the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 （5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如： Tom came back， which made us h

22、appy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。八有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.as与which引导的定语从句 区别 1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is. Grammar is not a dead rule, w

23、hich (=as) I have said before 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象 那样”。如： As we all know, his parents were killed in the war. As we all know, the earth is round3 as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g. She

24、 has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. 4.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which. a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.5在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：Th

25、e way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that :The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.I dont like the way (that) you laugh at her.九关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.

26、g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系

27、代词”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the southThey lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. 单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？ -Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom

28、2. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with

29、what I said may put up your hands. A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my siste

30、r. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing

31、_you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？1. A football fan(球迷) is _ has a stron

32、g interest in football.A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A.

33、 which B. that C. who D. whom7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. those C. which D. what8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front.A. what B. that C. which D. where10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which11. I

34、s this the museum _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one13. -How do you like the book?-Its quite different from _ I read last month.A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what15. The train _ she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C. on which D. in that18. Its the t

35、hird time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D.when youve arrived19. He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. whom B. who C. when D. because20. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. when B.

36、 during that C. in which D. which21. He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A. which B. when C. on which D. during which24. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where25. The hotel _ during our

37、 holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed42. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.A. who B. that C. which D. whom1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those2. Is this the facto

38、ry _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _

39、 couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have ob

40、served D. how that you have observed8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether9. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which10. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D.

41、 on which11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. w

42、ho D. that14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against

43、B. that against C. who is against D. who are against17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs20. - “How do you like the book?”- “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook t