机械工程专业英语复习资料

1、AC=alternative current交流AGV=Automated Guided Vehicle自动导引小车AGVS= Automated Guided Vehicle System自动导引小车系统AMT=advanced manufacturing technology先进制造技术ANSI=American National Standards Institute美国国家标准协会APT=Automatically Programmed Tools自动数控程序BOM=Bill of Material物料清单CAA=Computer Aided Analysis Process计算机辅助

2、分析过程CAD=Computer-Aided Design计算机辅助设计CADD=Computer-Aided Design Drafting计算机辅助设计制图CAE=computer aided engineering计算机辅助工程CAM=Computer-Aided Manufacturing计算机辅助制造CAIT=computer aided testing and inspection计算机辅助实验与检测CAPP=Computer Aided Process Planning计算机辅助工艺设计CHP=chemical Polishing 化学抛光CIM=Computer integra

3、ted manufacturing计算机集成制造CBN=Cubic Boron Nitride立方氮化硼CMM=Coordinate Measuring Machine三坐标测量机CNC=computer numerical control电脑数字控制DC=direct current直流DNC=Direct Numerical Control直接数字控制DOF=degrees of freedom自由度DXF=data exchange format数据交换格式ECM=Electrochemical Machining电解加工EBM=Electron beam machining电子束加工E

4、DM=Electrical Discharge Machining电火花加工EGM= enhanced graphics module增强型图形模组FA=factory automation工厂自动化FDM=Fused Deposition Modelling熔融沉积成型FEA=Finite element analysis有限元分析FMC=flexible manufacturing component柔性制造单元FMS=Flexible Manufacturing System柔性制造系统Finite-element有限元Four-bar linkage四连杆机构GNC=graphical

5、 numerical control图形数控GT=Grease Trap润滑脂分离器HPM=hard-part machining硬态切削HSS=High-Speed-Steel高速钢IGES=initial graphic exchange specification初始图形交换规则ISO=International Standardization Organization国际标准组织IT=International Tolerance(grade)国际公差JIT=Just in Time准时生产LBM=Laser beam machining激光切削加工LED=light-emitting

6、 diode发光二级管LMC=least material condition最小实体状态LOM=Laminated Object Manufacturing叠层实体制造技术MMC=maximum material condition最大实体状态MATL=material材料MC=machining center加工中心NC=Numerical Control数字控制NMP=Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes特种加工技术PCB=printed circuit boards印刷电路板PLC=Programmable Logic Controller PL

7、C控制PKW=parallel kinematics machine并联机床QTY=quantity required需求数量RGV=rail guided vehicle有轨自动导引小车RPM=Rapid Prototype Manufacturing快速成型技术SL= Stereo Lithography光固化成型SLA=Stereo Lithography Apparatus立体印刷技术/光固化立体造型SLS=Selective Laser Sintering选择性激光烧结USM=Ultrasonic Machining超声波加工VNC=voice numerical control声音

8、控制WEDM=Wirecut Electrical Discharge Machining电火花线切割加工WJM/C=water-jet machining/cutting水射流切削3D PRINT 3D打印一、将下列单词译成汉语Mechanism（机械，机构，机构学） configuration（外形，构造，结构） displacement（位移）velocity（速度） acceleration（加速度） gear（齿轮）sprocket（链轮）pulley（带轮）kinematician /dynamics（运动/动力学，力学）kinematician（运动）cam凸轮camshaft凸

9、轮轴accuracy精度dependability可靠性pulley滑轮flywheel飞轮crank曲柄sprocket链轮axle心轴spindle主轴clutche离合器brake制动shaper牛头刨床planer龙门刨pulley皮带轮flywheel飞轮spindle轴clutche离合器crank曲柄sprocket链轮axle车轴brake制动warpage配气机构coolant冷却剂二、将下列词组译成汉语kinematic chain（运动链）skeleton diagram（草图，示意图，简图）Gear system/Cam system（齿轮传动系统/凸轮系统）unifo

10、rm motion/nonuniform motion（匀速运动/非匀速运动）nonlinear motion（非线性运动）kinematic analysis（运动分析）schematic diagram（运动简图）textile machinery（纺织机械）Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses（运动设计/运动合成）machine design（机械设计）Gear trains/ Cam mechanisms（轮系，齿轮传动链/凸轮机构）dynamic force/inertia force/ static force（动力/惯性力/静力）relati

11、ve velocity/ absolute velocity（相对速度/绝对速度）angular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetal acceleration/ velocity vector（角加速度/切向加速度/向心加速度/速度矢量）binary link/ ternary link（二杆组/三杆组）the base circle（基圆）the pitch curve（啮合曲线）the contact force（接触力）the intermittent motion（间歇运动）the common normal（公法线）t

12、he conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）the involute profiles（渐开线齿形）the spur gear（直齿轮）the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）the face gear（端面齿轮）the radial distance（径向距离）the addendum circle（齿顶圆）The tooth thickness（齿厚）the tooth space（齿间隙）the cap screws（螺钉）the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）the engineering graph

13、ics（工程力学）mechanical design（机械设计）the installation techniques（安装技术）the bolted joint（螺栓连接）the hardened washers（强化垫圈）the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）the modulus of elasticity（弹性模量）the antifriction bearing（减摩轴承）the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）the rolling contact （滚动接触）the sliding contact（滑动触电）the corrosion resista

14、nce（抗腐蚀性）the machining tolerances（加工公差）the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）the radial loads（径向负荷）the thrust loads逆负荷the ball bearing球轴承the roller bearing滚子轴承the single-row bearings单沟轴承the double-row bearing双沟轴承the needle bearing滚针轴承the bearing life轴承寿命The rating life额定寿命the axis of rotation旋转轴The helix angle螺旋

15、角a right-hand helix 右旋a left-hand helix左旋an involute helicoids螺旋面an involute curve渐开线the shaft centerlines轴中心线worm gear蜗轮the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮right angle直角worm gearing蜗杆传动the lead angle导角shaft angle轴线角度bending load弯曲载荷tension load张力负荷compression load压缩负载torsional load扭转负荷the bending moment弯矩the bend

16、ing stress弯曲应力the shot peening喷丸法the actuating force工作力the coefficient of friction摩擦系数An electromagnetic coil电磁线圈the magnetic circuit磁路 the design specifications中国设计规范the industrial engineering工业工程the machining industry加工行业the machine shops机器商店machine tool机床angular displacements角位移The electric motor

17、电机transmission Linkage传输连接the cutting force切削力the static loads静态负荷the dynamic loads动态载荷the grinding wheel砂轮lubricating oil润滑油the cutting fluids切削液protective guards防护装置the cutting tool刀具the range of feeds进给量engine lathes普通车床turret lathes六角车床the boring machine镗床the drilling machines钻床the milling machi

18、nes铣床the broaching machines绞孔机；拉床the sawing machines锯床the cylindrical grinder外圆磨床the centreless grinders无心磨床the surface grinders平面磨床the chemical milling铣削the ultrasonic machining超声波加工a tool holder刀架a compound rest复式刀架the feed screw丝杆the feed rod光杆The feed box进给箱power feed进给the full depth大切削深度thread

19、cutting螺纹切削a chasing dial螺纹指示盘the forward stroke冲程the return stroke回程the clapper box摆动刀架the hydraulic shaper液压牛头刨床the universal machines通用机械universal joints万向节Tracer milling仿形铣the master pattern模型the acceleration of gravity重力加速度conducting material导电材料non-conducting material绝缘材料三、将下列短语译成汉语1.Plane and

20、 spatial linkages（平面和空间连杆）2.constrained kinematic chain/unconstrained kinematic chain（约束运动链/非约束运动链）3.closed-loop linkage（闭环运动链）4.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）5.slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism（曲柄滑块机构）6.internal combustion engine（内燃机）7.the kinematic analysis of mechanisms（机构运动分析）8.degree of fre

21、edom of the mechanism（机构自由度）9.kinematic analysis process /kinematic synthesis process（运动分析步骤/运动合成步骤）10.input angular velocity（输入角速度）11.input angular acceleration（输入角加速度）12.automatic packaging machinery（自动包装机）13.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）14.mechanical analog compute

22、r（机构模拟计算机）15.dead-center position（死点位置）16.crank-rocker linkage/double-rocker linkage/double-crank (drag-link) linkage（曲柄摇杆机构/双摇杆机构/双曲柄机构）17.maximum force component/ resulting output force or torque（最大的力量组成/输出的最大力或力矩）18.output motion variables/input motion variable（输出运动变量/输入运动变量）19.absolute angular p

23、ositions（绝对角位置）20.velocity polygon method（速度的多边形的方法）21.instantaneous center method/instant center method（瞬心法/即时瞬心法）22.inertia-force analysis of mechanisms and machines（机构和机器的惯性力分析）23.one and the same coordinate system /inertia frame of reference（惯性参考系）24.systematic design of mechanisms（机械设计的系统）25.ca

24、m-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）26.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar) 盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）27.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构28.a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件29.a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度

25、的比例30.a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比31.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率32.the parallel helical gear平行斜齿轮33.the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮34.the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮35.the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮36.the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮37.the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉38.the fillister head screws槽头螺钉39.t

26、he flat head screws 平头螺钉40.the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。41.the external tensile load外部拉伸载荷42.the external shear load外部剪切负荷43.The single-row deep-groove bearing单列深沟轴承44.The angular-contact bearing角接触轴承45.the self-aligning bearings自动调心轴承46.the straight roller bearings直滚子轴承47.the spherical-rol

27、ler thrust bearing球形辊止推轴承48.the tapered roller bearings圆锥滚子轴承49.the condition of statical equilibrium浅析条件下平衡50.the positive-contact clutches强制接触离合器51.the overload-release clutches超载释放保护离合器52.the overrunning clutches超越离合器53.the magnetic fluid clutches磁流变离合器54.the metal removal rate金属去除率55.the univers

28、al thread-grinding machine通用螺纹磨床56.the straightness of machine tool slideways机床工具导轨的直线度57.The adhesive property of oil润滑油的粘度58.the single-point cutting tools单点切削工具59.the multipoint cutting tools多点切削工具60.the random-point cutting tool任意点切削工具61.tracing and duplicating lathes仿形车床62.single-spindle automa

29、tic lathes单轴自动车床63.multi-spindle automatic lathes多轴自动车床64.the gear-cutting machine齿轮切削机床65.the special metal removal methods特种加工66.the electrical discharge machining电火花加工67.the operating mechanisms of the shaper牛头刨床的操作机构68.the mechanically driven shaper机械传动牛头刨床69.the infinitely variable cutting spee

30、ds平滑调整切削速度70.the upright drilling machines立式钻床71.the radial drilling machines摇臂钻床72.the plain radial drilling machines平面摇臂钻床73.the multispindle drilling machine多轴钻床74.the telescoping splined shaft花键轴的伸缩75.an knee and column type of milling machine铣床的升降台式76.Fixed-bed milling machines固定床铣床77.the harde

31、ned tool steel淬硬工具钢78.a cylindrical grinding machine外圆磨床79.the new material-removal methods新型材料去除工艺1.(关于)这个问题的争论已在科技界被连续关注五年了。 the debate has been attention for five years in the technology sector.2.所谓的流体指的是一切液体和气体。The so-called fluid refers to all of the liquid and gas.3.落体9.8m/s2，加速度就是说该落体每一秒内都比前一

32、秒速度快9.8m/s。The Fall acceleration of 9.8m / S2 is that the fall faster 9.8m / s than the second before.4.所谓速度就是在一定方向上的运动速度。The so-called speed is the pace in a certain direction .5.所谓钢就是铁碳合金。The so-called steel is ironcarbon alloy.6.精神病学是关于研究和治疗精神病的学科。Psychiatry is about the study and treatment of me

33、ntal illness.1.The engineer is a problem solver , using knowledge and ability to devise or improve the solution to technological problems .工程师是一个解决问题的运用知识和能力去制定或完善所要解决的技术问题的人。2.In short , the engineer transforms scientific and mathematical principles into systems ,processes ,and goods for industrial

34、 and personal use.总之，工程师将科学和数学原理转变成系统，过程和产品，供工业和个人使用。3.Engineer generally work together , and often with those trained in other disciplines.一般 , 工程师一起工作，并经常训练其他学科。4.Perhaps the broadest of the engineering disciplines , mechanical engineering is concerned with the application of science and technolog

35、y in the solution of the countless problems facing our increasingly complex world.也许最广泛的工程学科，机械工程方面的应用科学和技术在面对日益复杂的世界,解决了无数的问题。 5.The mechanical engineer is involved in energy-related projects such as the performance testing of new solar collector systems , the integration of solar heating and cooli

36、ng systems into new buildings.机械工程师参与了相关新的太阳能集热器系统的性能测试，一体化太阳能加热和冷却系统的新建筑等的项目。6.The increasing demand for all forms of energy , while conventional supplies diminish , provides a tremendous challenge to creative mechanical engineers. 越来越多的各种形式的能源需求，而传统的供给量的减少，给创造性的机械工程师提供了一个巨大的挑战。7.To design is formu

37、late a plan for the satisfaction of a human need . 设计是制定方案以满足人类的需要。8.In contrast to scientific or mathematical problem,design problems have no unique answers;it is absurd, for example, to request the "correct answer"to a design problem, because there is none. In fact,a"good"answe

38、r today may well turn out to be a "poor" answer tomorrow if there is a growth of knowledge during the period, or if there are other structural or societal changes. 与科学或数学问题对比，设计问题没有唯一的答案；它是荒谬的，例如，要求设计问题的“正确答案”，因为那里没有。事实上，今天一个“好”的答案明天很可能是一个“粗劣”的答案，如果有一个知识的增长过程，在此期间，或是否有其他结构或社会变化。9.No matter

39、 what words are used to describe the design function, in engineering it is still the process in which scientific principles and the tools of engineering mathematics, computers, graphics, and English-are used to produce a plan which, when carried out, will satisfy a human need. 无论什么是用来描述设计功能，在工程过程中仍然

40、是科学的原则和工程数学的工具，计算机，图形，和english-are用于生产计划，进行时，能满足人类的需要。10.Mechanical design means the design of things and systems of a mechanical nature machines,products,structures, devices, and instruments. For the most part, mechanical design utilizes mathematics, the materials sciences, and the engineering-mech

41、anics sciences. 机械设计是指设计和系统的机械性质，产品，结构，设备，仪器。对于大多数的一部分，机械设计运用数学，材料科学，和工程力学科学。11.Because of these reasons and also because of the trend of integrating the activities in a manufacturing corporation, the modern design procedure involves considering the method of manufacturing during the design phase. 由

42、于这些原因，也因为一体化的趋势的活动在制造公司，现代设计过程涉及考虑的制造方法在设计阶段。12.（1）Engineers have to have a strong mathematics and science background because they have to be able to meet the many challenges of system design.因为科学家要能有效地应对系统设计的许多挑战，他们就应该具备扎实的数学与自然科学基础。（2）The word design means developing a physical system that perform

43、s a require function. “设计”这个词意味着研制一个能完成所需功能的实际系统。13.They must also be able to write equations describing physical systems and use these equations to mathematically predict the performance of these systems. 他们需要能写出描述实际系统的功能，并应用方程预测系统的性能。14.To summarize, engineering is the application of scientific pr

44、inciples to meet human needs. The language of engineering is mathematics. 总之，工程学就是用科学原理来满足人们需要的科学，数学是工程学的语言。15.Furthermore, they must fully understand the important methods that have been developed to apply scientific principles to solve problems. 此外，他们必须对现有的选择用科学原理解决问题的的重要方法了如指掌。16.（1）Some of these

45、 properties are the relationship between stress and strain, elasticity, strength, ductility malleability, hardness, brittleness, creep, and toughness.它们的性能体现在应力和应变，弹性，强度，韧性，延展性，硬度，脆性，韧性和蠕变之间。（2）The mechanical properties of the metal in.clude in the elasticity plasticity ductility， hardness，creep，bri

46、ttleness and so on. 金属的机械性能包括弹性、塑性、可段性、硬度、蠕变、脆性等等。17.An elastic material is one that can be deformed and then return to its original shape when the load is removed. 弹性体受力发生变形，当撤去外力又恢复原状。18.Elasticity involves the relationship between stress and strain. 弹性描述应力与应变之间的关系。19.Elasticity is expressed by Ho

47、oke's Law as the degree to which an elastic body bends or stretches out of shape (strain) which is in direct proportion to the force stress and strain. 按胡克定律弹性指弹性体弯曲或拉伸后变形的程度。即变形（应变）与作用在它上面的力成正比。20. 塑性Plasticity is the property that allows metals to be permanently deformed beyond the elastic lim

48、it without failure by rupture or splitting.21. 强度Strength of metals is their ability to resist deformation or changing shape when exrernal forces are applied. 22.Shear strength is lower than tensile strength in virtually all metals. 几乎所有的金属的抗拉强度低于抗压强度。23. 拉伸试验The tensile strength is to determine ten

49、sile strength, metal specimens are "pulled"on a machine called a tensile tester until they break.24. 硬度Hardness is generally defined as the resistance to penetration or indentation. 25. 脆性A material that will mot deform plastically under a load is said to be brittle. 26.冲击韧性Notch toughness

50、, also called impact strength, is the ability of a metal to resist rupture from impact loading when there is a notch or stress raiser present.27.If, elastic range, the unit stress is divided by the corresponnding unit strain at any given point, the result will be the modulus of elasticity for that m

51、aterial，it called Elasticity Modulus，it also called Youngs Modulus . 在弹性范围内，金属材料任意点的单位应力比上单位应变，等于弹性模量，也称杨氏模量。28. 蠕变Creep is a continuing plastic flow at a stress below the yield strength of a metal. 29.金属疲劳 Metal fatigue can occur when metal parts are subjected to repeated loading and unloading, par

52、ticularly in cyclic reversals of stress, such as is seen in a rotating shaft having transverse or one-side loading.例如：中国的矿产和丰富。 China is rich in minerals.30.这种物体的输入阻抗很低。 This object is very low input impedance.31.这个国家的工业很落后，根本没有重工业。 The country's industry is lagging behind, there is no heavy ind

53、ustry.32.这台200千瓦的发电机的满载效率是93%。 The 200 kilowatt generator has an efficiency of 93% at full cood.33.刚和铸铁的含碳量各不相同。 Stell and cast iron differ in content of carbon .34.这两种金属的性能差别很大。 This two meterials differ in properties .35.这个城市的交通很发达。 The city's traffic is developed.36.A mechanism is a device wh

54、ich transforms motion to some desirable pattern and typically develops very low forces and transmits little power. 机构是一根某种需要的模式变换运动的装置。37.A machine typically contains mechanisms which are designed to provide significant forces and transmits significant power. 机器通常包含一些用于力和传递有效功率的机构。38.mechanism（机构）：A

55、 system of elements arranged to transmit motion in a predetermined fashion.39. Machines（机器）：A system of elements arranged to transmit motion and energy in a predetermined fashion.40.The design and manufacture of these gears is really a remarkable accomplishment. 齿轮的设计制造是一个伟大的成就。41.Spur gears are use

56、d to transmit rotary motion between parallel shafts ; they are usually cylindrical in shape ,and the teeth are straight and parallel to the axis of rotation. 直齿轮用于传递平行轴间的旋转运动；直齿轮一般为圆柱形，其轮齿为直线型且平行于轴线。42.The pitch circle is a theoretical circle. 节圆是一个理论圆。43.周节The circular pitch (p) is the distance ,me

57、asured on the pitch circle ,from a point on one tooth to a corresponding point on an adjacent tooth.44.模数The module (m) is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth.45.经节The diametral pitch (P) is he ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the pitch diameter.46.齿顶高The addendum (a) is the radial distance between the top land and