语法之宾语补足语

1、Object complememt 高一英语备课组高一英语备课组英语的五个基本句型结构：英语的五个基本句型结构： S + V 主谓结构主谓结构 He runs quickly.他跑得快。他跑得快。 S + V + P 主系表结构主系表结构 The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。 S + V + O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 They built a house last year. 他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。 S + V + O1 + O2 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构 He offered me his seat / h

2、is seat to me. 他把座位让给我。他把座位让给我。 S + V + O + C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构 They painted their house white. His father named him Tom. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. Nobody noticed him enter the room. (名词名词)(形容词形容词)（不定式）（不定式）（不带（不带to的不定式）的不定式）S + V + O + C S + V + O + C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构4. We saw her enter

3、ing the room.5.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock. 6. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work. 7. Let the fresh air in.( 过去分词过去分词)（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）（副词）( (现在分词或其短语现在分词或其短语) )l由上述例句可以推断出由上述例句可以推断出名词，形容词，不名词，形容词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词，介词短语和定式，现在分词，过去分词，介词短语和副词副词都是可以充当宾语补足语的。都是可以充当宾语补足语的。 目的是目的是使句子

4、的意义完整。其中需要大家使句子的意义完整。其中需要大家重点了重点了解解的是的是名词，分词和不定式名词，分词和不定式作宾补。作宾补。一一.名词作宾补。名词作宾补。lHe was made director of the Pompeii dig.lPeople _ _ _ of the Pompeii dig.lShe found him a very clever boy .l注意注意：l我们选我们选Tom做我们班的班长。做我们班的班长。We _Tom _of our classmadehim director独一无二的头衔职位前不加冠词独一无二的头衔职位前不加冠词electedmonitor常

5、用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：lcall , name , elect , make , call , name , elect , make , think , appoint , choose , find , think , appoint , choose , find , consider , keep , wish , feelconsider , keep , wish , feel常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe , think , get , keep, believe , think , ge

6、t , keep, make, find , set , like , wish , make, find , set , like , wish , see, consider prove , have , see, consider prove , have , leave , leave , 以及以及paint , turn , cutpaint , turn , cut判断正误：判断正误：lWe elected John a chairman of our club after the former one retired(退休退休).lThey called him Professo

7、r Wang.二分词作宾补二分词作宾补lThey walked off and left me （sit) there alone.lThe murderer was brought in, with his hands (tie) behind his back.lWith the homework(finish), he was allowed to watch the football match. lA group of children were found (play) on the playground. lAfter waking up, I found everyone (g

8、o).lDont leave the windows (break) like this all the time.sittingtiedfinishedplayinggonebroken三不定式作宾补三不定式作宾补 lThe teacher ask us(背诵)the text.lWe saw the car (停止停止).lI made him (改变改变) his mindlLet me (介绍介绍) you to Miss Lil省略不定式符号省略不定式符号to的情况的情况。to recitestopchangeintroduce感官动词感官动词和和部分使役动词部分使役动词:一感二听三

9、让四观看一感二听三让四观看一感：一感：feel二听：二听：hear, listen to三让：三让：let, have, make四观看：四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 被动语态被动语态: lThe boy was made (work) twelve hours a day.lThe car was seen (stop). lThe middle-aged man was seen(enter) the building to workto stopto enter变为被动语态时，不定式符号变为被动语态时，不定式符号to必须保留。必须保留。 I often

10、 hear the girl _ this English song in her room.I heard the girl _ this English song in her room when I passed by.I heard this English song _ in her room.The girl is often heard _ this English song in her room.This English song was heard _ by the girl in her room.singsingingsung to singsungThis girl

11、was heard _ this English song in her room when I passed by.singing四宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系： 1.当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明系），若无宾语补足，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特怔、状态、身份或属类等。宾语的情况、性质、特怔、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：试比较：We made him our monit

12、or. (He is our monitor.)You should keep your room clean and tidy. (Your room is clean and tidy.)We could hear the children playing outside. (The children are playing outside.)I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (This song was once sung in Japanese.)I didnt want the children taken out in such we

13、ather. (The children were taken out in such weather.) 2. 当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。如：如：五重点动词后宾补的用法 make用作使役动词表示用作使役动词表示 “使；使成为使；使成为” 时，时，可跟复合结构可跟复合结构 lWe made him (队长队长)of our football team. lWhat makes the grass (生长生长)? lThe heavy

14、rain made it (不可能不可能) for us to go out.lThe strange noise made us (害怕的害怕的). lThe speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _(understand).captaingrowimpossiblefrightenedunderstood选择题：选择题：1.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 2

15、. The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known have 表示表示“使得使得”,其后接宾语补足语其后接宾语补足语1）注意）注意”have +宾语宾语+ 过去分词过去分词”的两种用法：的两种用法：表示让某事被做表示让某事被做，如：，如： I have had my bike_ (repair). The villagers had many trees_ (plant) just th

16、en.表示表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”等等。 如：如： The old man had his wrist _ (break) in the accident. Workers in some industries have their hearing _ (harm) by the noise of the machine repairedplantedhave sb do sth 使得某人做某事使得某人做某事 have sb doing sth 使得某人做某事使得某人做某事 have sth done 使得某事被做使得某事被做brokenharmed填空填空 1

17、 The teacher had her _(recite) the text again. 2. He wants to have his eyes _ ( examine ) tomorrow 3. Be careful, or youll have your hands _( hurt ). 4. He had the girl _( stand ) in the classroom the whole morning. reciteexaminedhurtstanding 1. Ive had my radio _ so soon because my father had me _

18、it. A. repair; done B. repaired; do C repairing; do D. repaired; done 2. You cant have the horse _ all the way. Its too hot. A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running 3. We will have you _ (know) that the machine has been made _(work) at full speed. BCknowto work leave表示表示使使/ 让让保持某种状态保持某种状态。 1.Le

19、ave him to do it himself. 2.He went out, leaving his papers lying on the desk. 3.He left a few questions unanswered. 1.I cant leave such an important matter _ (没有完成没有完成). 2.They killed the cow, cut off the skins and left the bodies_ (rot腐烂腐烂). 3.What he said left me _ (思考思考) deeply. undone/unfinishe

20、dto rotthinkingl His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan（孤儿）（孤儿）. lHe left his schoolbag on the playground.with 的的 用法及其与用法及其与as的的 区别区别1). In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _ (point) at another person.2).The artist is working with his hair _ (tie) back. 3). With all thes

21、e mouth _ (feed), he didnt know what to do.pointingtiedto feed1._ everything _ , she left the supermarket with satisfaction. A. As, buying B. For, to buy C. With, bought D. Because, to buy 比较比较:_everything was bought, she left the supermarket. 2. _ years _, her hair grows white. A. Asgoing by B. Wit

22、h go by C. As go by D. Withpassed 3. He stood there, with his eyes _( fix ) on Della. He stood there, _(fix ) his eyes on Della. He stood there and his eyes_ (fix) on Della. CAsCfixedfixingwere fixed5）find意为意为“发现、发觉发现、发觉” A group of children were found _(play) on the playground. The cat was found _(

23、kill) yesterday. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked We have found him (to be) a dishonest person. 我们发现他是一个不诚实的孩子。我们发现他是一个不诚实的孩子。 find sb doing sth. 发现一种动作正在进行发现一种动作正在进行find sth done 发现某事被做发现某事被做playingkilledB结构：结构： 主主+谓语谓语+ it

24、+宾补宾补(adj/n)+真正宾语真正宾语lI found it pleasant to be with your family.lWe think it our duty that we should help the poor. lHe found it hard to finish the work in time. keep 当当“使使保持在（某种状态）保持在（某种状态）”讲时，讲时，其后通常接复合宾语，可用形容词、介词、其后通常接复合宾语，可用形容词、介词、副词、副词、现在分词、过去分词现在分词、过去分词等作宾补。如：等作宾补。如： Well keep you_ of the fac

25、t. 我们将让你知道事实。我们将让你知道事实。 Sorry to have kept you _ for such a long time. 对不起，让你久等了。对不起，让你久等了。 Its our duty to keep our surroundings clean. 保持我们保持我们周围环境清洁是我们的职责。周围环境清洁是我们的职责。 His illness kept him in bed for months.他因病卧床好几他因病卧床好几个月。个月。 informedwaiting1. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking2. He found them _ at table_. A. sat; to play chess B. sitting; to play chess C. seated; playing chess D. seat; play the chess3. I can make you _ what I say, but you cant make yourself _ in English. A. understand; understand B. understand