英语语法及知识点专题练习

1、英语语法及知识点专题练习（定语从句）V一 什么叫定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句有限定性从句和非限定性从句。在初中阶段多为限定性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面，关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间， 起连接作用，同时也可作定语从句的某个成分。 引起定语从句的关系代词有that, which , who , whom ,whose 和关系副词where when why等。二 定语从句中关系代词的用法关系代词例句that指物A plane is a machine that can fly .The noodles that I c

2、ooked were delicious 指人Who is the girl (that )is reading English over there?The old man (that) we saw yesterday was Jims grandpa which指物The bikes which are made in Tianjin sell well .The book (which) he bought last week cost him twenty yuan .Who,whom指人The boy who came to our class yesterday is from

3、America.The girl who/whom you talked to just now is Kate .whose指物或指人The boy whose father is a teacher is my classmate.The house whose windows face south is my aunts三 关系副词的用法关系副词例句when时间You can leave here any time when you want to.where地点This is the house where I once livedwhy原因He didnt tell me the r

4、eason why he was late for school .how方式Its the way how he improved his math.四 关系代词that与which的用法区别（先行词指物时）1.当先行词是不定代词all, much等时，或者被这些词修饰时，只能用that引用定语从句。例：Ive read all the books that my mother bought for me .我已经读完了妈妈给我买的所有的书。2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。例：This is the most exciting movie that I

5、have ever seen .这就是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。3.先行词被the only , the last, the same, the very修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。例如：This is the only book that was written by him .这就是唯一一本他写的书。4.先行词既指人又指物时，只能用that引导定语从句。例如， They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday .5. 当关系代词前介词时，只能用which引导定语从句。例如：T

6、his is the house of which the windows face south.这是那所窗户朝南的房子。6. 非限定性定语从句只能用which引导定语从句引导。例如：Football, which is a very interesting game, is played in many countries.很多国家都在踢足球， 他是很有趣的运动项目。7.先行词是that，those时，只能用which引导定语从句例如：Whats that which was put in the car ?五关系代词who, whom, that 的用法区别（先行词指人）1. 在who开头

7、的疑问句中，若出现定语从句修饰指人的先行词时，只能用that引导从句。例：Who is the boy that is wearing a red coat over there?2. 先行词是those, one 等指人的不定代词，定语从句用who引导。例：We should help those who are in trouble .3. 先行词是人且介词提前紧跟先行词之后时，只能用whom,引导定语从句。例如：This I the boy with whom I played tennis .六知识点1.prefer常用于下例搭配中：1)Prefer doing to doing“喜欢

8、······胜于······”或Prefer A to B意为“A 与B比较起来，更喜欢A。这里to是介词。He prefers red to blue.2)prefer to do rather than do 相当于would rather do than do意为“宁愿做······而不愿做······”这里的to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。I p

9、refer to go with you.2.stick 的用法stick是动词，意为“刺；插；粘贴”常用短语有：stick to坚持，stick······ into（把······插入）；也可作名词，意为“棍；棒”He stuck a fork into a big piece of beef .3.down 的用法Down是形容词，意为“悲哀的；沮丧的”与upset同义；也可作副词，意为“向下”When I was down, I often listen to som

10、e light music to make myself calm down.4. plenty of 大量的；充足的。后可接可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。Theres plenty of time .5.shut v.关闭（shut ，shut）shut off关闭；切断；停止运转。We shut off the motor before we left the workshop .6.intelligent 意为“有才智的；聪明的”与clever同义Human beings are much more intelligent than animals .7.praise的用法.praise

11、可作动词或名词，意为“表扬；赞扬”，常用短语有：in praise of 称赞；歌颂,praise for称赞,praise sb.for sth.表扬某人某事 。 His composition was praised.8.be supposed to do sth.应该做······，期望······；被认为······。同义词be excepted to do sth.9.drop by 顺便拜访10. aft

12、er all 毕竟；终究11.value n.价值，形容词为valuable.12.effort的用法1）不可数名词：表示力量和精力。I can carry it without effort. Its a waste of time and effort .2)可数名词：努力，奋斗。 Make an effort to do sth. 尽力。Please make an effort to get there on time.13.worth adj.“这得；有价值的。有······价值”，后常跟名词、代词、或动名词作宾语。Shes

13、 not worth getting angry with. be worth doing sth. ······值得做14.point v. （用······）指；指向point at表示进指，at后一般跟动作的目标。 point to表示远指，to后一般接动作的方向。 point out指出He pointed the gun at her head . He pointed out the danger of driving alone .15. go out of o

14、nes way to do sth.特地（努力）Thanks for going out of your to help me.16.make sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归 She is very kind to me and always makes me feel at home17.be/get used to 与 used to do.be/get used to “习惯于”，后接名词、代词或动名词。My brother is used to staying up late. used to do “过去常常”后接动词原形。The village isnt lik

15、e what it used to be.18. except, besides , but 与except forExcept “除······之外”指除外的部分不包括在内。All came except John. besides“除······之外还有” 指除外的部分包括在内.也可作副词表示“此外”We all succeeded besides Linda .我们所有的都成功了包括Linda .but“除了”常与某些不定代词nothing, all, anyone连用

16、。Theres nothing but wait .except for“除了”指对某些基本情况用于具体细节方面的修正。Hes a good man except for his temper .他是个好人，只是脾气不好。19.be comfortable doing sth.顺便地做某事20.no matterno matter“不论；无论”与what, who, when, where, which, how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句（通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时）如：“ no matter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词后接ever.” No matter wh

17、at you say, I wont believe you .不论你说什么，我都不相信。21.avoid v.“避免；躲避”后接名词、代词或动名词。They avoided mentioning that name .22.every day 与everyday every day “每天”在句子做状语。everyday 为形容词。“每天的；日常的”在句子做定语。She wears an everyday suit every day .23.absent adj.“缺席；不在”“做某事缺席”时后跟from. Some students were absent from class.24.i

18、nfluence v&n. 指在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的“影响”have an influence in sth.在某方面有影响。 What you read influences your thinking .24.proud adj. “自豪的；骄傲的”其名词形式为pride. 常用的短语：be proud of =takepridein为······感到自豪、骄傲。His parents are proud of/ take pride in him .25.other/else else是形容词，“其他

19、的。别的”长放在不定代词、不定副词或疑问词的后面。Other是形容词，意为“其他的”长放在名词的前面。26.alone/lonely alone “独自；单独”，侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，不含感情色彩。作形容此时只能做表语；也可作副词。He was alone in the house . He came alone . lonely “寂寞的；孤独的；荒凉的；偏僻的”作定语或表语。一般指人孤独寂寞或地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的感情色彩。She lives alone , but she doesnt feel lonely .27.”It is /has been +时间段+since从句

20、。该结构表示“自从······以来已经多长时间了”相当于句型“时间段+has passed (by)+since从句”或“sb.+动词过去时+时间段+ago.”。28.辨析so与such so常与形容词、副词、many. Much.little . few连用，或用于“so+形容词+a/an+ 名词”结构He spoke so slowly that we all felt funny . such的常用结构为“such +（a/ an）+形容词+名词”He is such a slow man.29.need 的用法 Sb. nee

21、d(s) to do sth. 某人需要做某事。 Linda needs to do some washing.Sth. need(s)doing/to be done . 某物需要······了。 My bike needs mending (to be mended).Need do sth. 必须做某事。 Need we start this work now ?含有情态动词Must 的一般疑问句的否定回答一般用neednt （不必；没必要） -Must I clean the floor, Mon ?-No, you need

22、nt .30.east的用法。其前通常加the，表示在某个方位时，常与介词in连用；表示“在······的东方”时常用介词in（在范围之内），）to（在范围之外）on（比邻）China is in the east of Asia . 作副词时，其前不用介词，但有时其后可接介词短语。The shop lies east of the town .31.staff管理人员，职工。为集体名词，可做单数，也可作复数 I have ten staff working for me . The staff in the company are

23、hard-working .32.suggest的用法 suggest是行为动词，意为“建议；提议；暗示； 表明”。其用法如下：1. 后接名词、代词或动名词。I suggested putting off the sports meet .2. 后跟宾语从句。“表明”The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.3. 后跟that引导的宾语从句（should+动词原形，should可省略）。意为“建议”）We suggested that he (should) say sorry to his teacher.33.

24、die, dead, dying 与death die为不及物动词，表示短暂性动作，在句子不能与how long及for引起的一段时间连用。dead,是形容词，意为“死的”用作表语和定语。若表达“某人去世了多长时间”则用“have/has been dead+ for +时间段”dying是die,的现在分词形式， 也可用作形容词， 表示“垂死的；濒临死亡的”，常用作定语。The doctor is saving a dying boy .death是die的名词形式，意为 “死亡”34.warn的用法。其为及物动词，意为“警告；告诫 ”，常用的短语为：警告某人（不）做某事 warn sb.

25、(not) to do sth. 警告某人注意（提醒）某事Warn sb. about sth . The teacher warned us not to go out at night . 35.think of想起；考虑 What do you think of it ? Think about考虑We should think about this event again.Think over仔细考虑He asked me for a week to think it overThink over沉思；绞尽脑汁 I think hard to find a way .36. play

26、a trick on sb.捉弄某人；开某人玩笑。37. aloud, loud 与loudlyAloud adv.出生地；大声地。强调“出声” She began to read the text aloud .Loud adv& adj. 高声地；大声地。指发出的声音强度大，传得远。多与speak, talk , shout , laugh 连用。Loudly adv. 高声地；大声地。作副词时与Loud一样，用来说明声音的强度大，含有“喧闹” Suddenly, the bell on the wall rang loudly.38.would rather “宁愿·&

27、#183;····” 表示句子主语的愿望、选择、后接动词原形。Hed rather join you in the English Group.Would rather do than do“宁愿做······也不愿做······”，would rather与than后所接的两个对比部分要一致。39.make+宾语+宾补 Make sb. do sth. “使某人去做某事” Make 后接省to的动词不定式。He made us com

28、e to school early .Make +sb. / sth. + 形容词“使某人（某物）保持······状态” What he said made me very happy .40.neithernor 表示“既不······也不······”表示对两者的否定，句子中不可以再有否定词no 或not， 其对应短语为bothand. 意为“两个都·····&#

29、183;”。neithernor连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与较近的那个主语保持一致。Neither he nor I have seen the film .41.to star with 一般用作插入语，“开始时；首先；最初”相当于 to begin with To start with, things were not so smooth, but later the situation was getting better and better.star with“以······开始”也可以说begi

30、n with 如：The illness usually starts with a slight cough .42.letdown 相当于disappoint sb. 或make sb. disappointed。“使······失望”宾语无论是名词还是代词，都位于短语之间。 What he said let us down .43.be hard on sb.对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉44.rather than “而不是”，连接两个并列成分， 可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动名词、分句、不定式、动词。后接不定式时，不

31、定式可以带to也可以不带to .She enjoys singing rather than dancing .45.What happened?“发生了什么事”，表示某人或某事发生了什么事，后接介词to。 What happened to you last night ?46.give sb. a lift“顺捎；捎（某人）一程 give sb. a ride用法相同。It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home .47.be about to “be about to +do”表示即刻就要发生的事情，意味着时间短、马上的意思。如

32、： I am about to do my homework .48.show up “赶到；露面”Only two persons showed up here just now .48. get a chance to do sth. “得到一个做某事的机会” I got a chance to visit the Great Wall last week .49.by the end of/at the end of by the end of “到······为止 ”后可以跟过去时间与过去完成时连用，也可跟将来的时间，而与将来

33、时连用。By the end of last term we had learned five English songs. at the end of “在······结束时；在······的尽头”，可用以指时间或处所， 强调一段时间的结束点或某段路程的终止。Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last year.At the end of this street youll find a bookshop .50.

34、fool n.&v. 用作名词意为“傻瓜；蠢人” Dont you think he is a fool ? 用作动词，意为“愚弄”Never try to fool yourself !51. embarrassed/embarrassing Embarrassed 用作形容词，意为“尴尬的”主语一般指人。如： I was embarrassed when the boy asked me the question. Embarrassing 用作形容词，意为“令人尴尬的” 主语一般指物。I dont like making speeches in public . Its so e

35、mbarrassing .52.empty用作动词，意为“倒空；排空”。He emptied the bottle just now .用作形容词，意为“空的”其反义词为full,“满的”The box is empty .You can put some books in it .53. sell out “卖完；卖光”。 The shop sold out all the shirts .54. take place “发生；进行”相当于不及物动词，用来指必然性的“发生”或有计划安排之内的“举行” Great changes have taken place in China in rec

36、ent years .55.not only but also“不但······而且······”可以连接两个并列的成分，如果连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。Shakespeare was not only a writer, but (also) an actor . Not only you but also he is a good student.56. so far“到目前为止，迄今”常与现在完成时连用。如：So far I have seen th

37、e movie several times .57.take part in /join take part in指参加会议、劳动或各种文娱活动，并在其中起一定的作用。Well take part in social practice during the summer holidays.Join 表示参加某团体、党派、组织等，并成为其中的一名成员。Are you going to join the school cycling club.练习题I选择题1.-Which would you like , tea or coffee?- I _tea .A. think B. prefer C.

38、 make D. choose2.-Do you know the song “Gangnam Style”? - Yes , I really like it . I love music _has great lyrics.A. what B. who C. if D. that 3. She prefers _at home rather than _out .A. staying , going B. to stay , go C. to stay , to go D. staying , go4.This is the teacher who _ to talk to you .A.

39、 want B. wants C. wanting D. to want5. He talked about the people and things _interested him greatly during his stay here .A. which B. that C. who D. they 6. We have a lot of books ,_are written in Japanese .A. many of which B. many in which C. many among them D. many of them7.The old man _wasnt his

40、 father .A. after whom he looked B. who he looked after C. after who he looked D. whose he looked after8.The bullet(子弹) _the soldier in the shoulder in the war .A. injured B. hurt C. destroyed D. wounded9. Peter had a pain_ his stomach , and so he had two days off .A. in B. on C. for D. about10. Ple

41、ase _ Jacks telephone number in the notebook . I want to make a phone call to him .A. pick up B. look up C. clean up D. give up11. - I will go to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon , so I cant go swimming with you .A. Its my pleasure B. You are welcome C. Thats a pity D. Sure, I am

42、 12. Success will belong to those _never say “impossible”.A. whom B. what C. who D. which13. Being blind is something _most people cant imagine .A. who B. which C. that D. whom14. They ate _ice-cream , and soon they felt a little uncomfortable .A. several B. a number of C. many D. plenty of15.What a

43、re you looking for ? -Im looking for the watch _I bought yesterday . A. which B. who C. whose D. whom16. I like the program Man and Nature . -But I _Sports News .A. prefer B. want C. choose D. miss17.Have you read the book _is about the moon ?A. what B. it C. / D. which18. -There are so many girls o

44、ver there . Which one is your sister ?-The one_ hat is yellow .A. who B. whose C. that D. which19. He is playing a piece of piano music _ we all like listening to .A. who B. whose C. that D. whom.20. Can you lead me the novel _ the other day ?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you ta

45、lked with D. which you talked about21. Robert is just one young overseas Chinese _has come to visit his ancestors homeland .A. who B. where C. when D. which22.I like music _ I can dance to .A. who B. that C. hoe D. when23.Tony prefers groups that _ their own songs .A. write B. writes C. writing D. t

46、o write24. My parents prefer to stay at home rather than _ to parties .A. go B. going C. goes D. to go25. The man_ we visited yesterday is a famous doctor.A. which B. what C. who D. when26. Which do you prefer, apples or bananas ? - _. I like oranges .A. All B. Both C. Either D. Neither27. Do you kn

47、ow the girl_ sunglasses ?A. that wear B. who is wearing C. who is putting on D. that puts on28. The text is very easy for you . There are _new words in it .A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 29. We have two rooms _, but I cant decide_.A. to live ; to choose which one B. lived; choose which one C.

48、 to live in ; which one to choose D. live ; which one 30 We should give love to the children_ lost their parents in the earthquake.A. who B. whom C. those D. whose31. I like movies that have _monsters .A. scare B. scared C. scares D. scary32. -How is it going there ? -Its _. The wind is strong and t

49、he snow is heavy .A. good B. bad C. nice D. well 33. She likes clothes _are bright .A. that B. what C. whose D. who34. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag .A. he B. that C. whom D. which35. I prefer_ too much food that is fried .A. to not eat B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 36. Th

50、e color of your trousers doesnt _ your jacket .A. suit B. fit C. like D. as37. This is one of _this year .A. the most interesting film B. the more interesting films C. the most interesting films D. the much more interesting films.38. Li Lei is the student _ handwriting is the best in our class.A. wh

51、ose B. whom C. who D. that 39. The type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music _.A .dance to B. dancing to C. to dance to D. to dance40.Do you know the man _spoke just now ?A. which B./ C. who D. whom 41. I like music that I can sing _. A. along with B. along to C. along D

52、. to42.Many young women like to live in houses _ are big and bright .A. that B. who C. how D. why 43. The girl _ won the first prize is called Alice .A. when B. whom C. who D. which44. -Can you introduce the town to me ? - OK . This is the town in _Li Bai was born .A. that B. who C. which D. where 4

53、5. The young man _ we met yesterday is our new biology teacher .A. what B. whose C. whom D. which46. Miss White is the only person _can help you with your English .A. she B. that C. which D. whom 47. There are many volunteers _are helping the children in Yushu .A. which B. when C. whose D. who48. A

54、few women love the movie _is a horror movie .A. that B. who C. whose D. what49. The girl _won the gold metal comes from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School .A. who B. which C. what D. whom 50. The TV play is about a true story _happened in Mianyang in 1998. A. it B. what C. that D. when51. I love sing

55、ers that _their own songs .A. write B. writes C. is writing D. written52. _ Marys parents didnt allow her to go out , _she did .A. Although ; but B. Although ; / C. Because ; so D. Because ; /53. -Joe, lets go to the movies . -No. I prefer_ to the library because I can find books that I need .A. to

56、go B. go C. goes D. to going 54.Jerry is a boy _ likes pop music very much .A. / B. whom C. that D. which 55. As the leader of the company , Mike cant except _ a day without working .A. spending B. to spend C. spend D. to spending 56. Emma comes from Australia , but she does _Chinese well .A. speak

57、B. speaks C. speaking D. spoke57. Dont worry . Your mother is sure _ better soon .A. get B. gets C. getting D. to get58.This kind of apples tastes _ and sells _.A. good ; good B. well ; well C. good ; well D. well ; good 59. Were _ agreement that well go to Wuhan next week .A. for B. to C. of D. in60.Your parents have given me more help , _ they are very busy .A. When B. if C. though D. unless 61. Danny is a boy _likes pop music very much .A. Whom B. which C. where D. whoII.用词的适当形式填空。1.I like watching the new Police Story that_(film) last yea